FBI ermittelt: Islamische FGM im Großraum Detroit, Michigan?

Stoppt selbst die geringst invasive FGM

Die WHO-Klassifikation zur weiblichen Genitalberstümmelung (FGM) muss erhalten bleiben: Nein zu den Versuchen der Straffreistellung der Islamic FGM (Chitan al-inath, indones.: sunat perempuan), etwa der sogenannten milden Sunna, überall auf der Welt. Von Gabi Schmidt und Edward von Roy.

Ob als Prof. Karl-Peter Ringel mit Ass. Jur. Kathrin Meyer (§ 226a StGB – Sonderstraftatbestand der Frauenbeschneidung & verfassungswidrige Ungleichbehandlung (2014))[1] oder ob als Gutachterin zum 70. djt Prof. Dr. Tatjana Hörnle (Verhandlungen des 70. Deutschen Juristentages Hannover 2014 Bd. I: Gutachten Teil C: Kultur, Religion, Strafrecht – Neue Herausforderungen in einer pluralistischen Gesellschaft)[2], in immer neuen Wellen branden die Versuche der Aufweichung der WHO-Klassifikation[3] zur weiblichen Genitalverstümmelung (FGM) heran, die Versuche der Straffreistellung der irgendwie geringer invasiven Formen der Mädchenbeschneidung.

Hier haben Sozialpädagogen und Sozialarbeiter unzweideutig Stellung zu beziehen: Die Genitalbeschneidung muss global verboten bleiben bzw. werden, einerlei, ob der junge Mensch ein Mädchen ist oder ein Junge. Denn völlig altersentsprechend ist auch ein 12, vierzehn oder 16 Jahre alter junger Mensch nicht in der Lage, die Folgen der FGM oder MGM auf Gesundheit, Sexualität oder Partnerschaft abzuschätzen. Unabhängig davon kann auch eine Infektion nach einem Skalpellschnitt oder Nadelstich, kann auch die sogenannte milde Sunna zu schweren Komplikationen bis hin zum Tod führen. Deshalb: Keine Beschneidung unter achtzehn.[4]

Überall auf der Welt muss die Mädchenbeschneidung verboten werden und illegal bleiben und muss ein Zuwiderhandeln geahndet und bestraft werden, auch im amerikanischen Land der begrenzten Unmöglichkeiten.

In den Vereinigten Staaten haben sich im Vorjahr (2016) Dr. Kavita Shah Arora, beruflich tätig im Fachbereich Frauenheilkunde und Geburtshilfe am MetroHealth Medical Center in Cleveland, Ohio, und Dr. Allan Joel Jacobs, Professor für Fortpflanzungsmedizin an der Stony Brook Universität, im US-Bundesstaat New York, engagiert für das klitze- klitze-, klitzekleine Beschneiden des Geschlechtsorgans US-amerikanischer Mädchen ins Zeug gelegt (Female genital alteration: a compromise solution). Sie empfehlen eine Sichtweise und einen neuen Begriff: Statt, wie es die WHO-Klassifikation festlegt, rituelle weibliche Genitalbeschneidungen, auch die geringer invasiven, ausnahmslos als Verstümmelung (female genital mutilation, FGM) zu bezeichnen, sollen wir von Umgestaltung oder Veränderung sprechen, englisch alteration (female genital alteration, FGA).

Nicht die kinderfeindliche Praxis verbieten, sondern das störende Vokabular erneuern: Vom Verstümmeln zum Verändern. De minimis („um Kleinigkeiten“) behandelt das Rechtsprinzip, Bagatellen nicht den Tatbestand einer Norm erfüllen zu lassen, damit keiner gegen sie klagen kann. Leitsätze sind De minimis non curat lex („Das Recht kümmert sich nicht um Kleinigkeiten“) und De minimis non curat praetor („Der Strafrichter kümmert sich nicht um Kleinigkeiten“). Uns in Deutschland erinnert das an gewisse „rein symbolische Bagatellverletzungen“, die der Trierer Strafrechtsprofessor Prof. Dr. Mark Alexander Zöller offensichtlich straffrei gestellt wissen will (Die Strafbarkeit der Genitalverstümmelung als Gesetzessymbolik? In: Festschrift für Bernd Schünemann zum 70. Geburtstag am 1. November 2014; Mitherhausgeberin: Tatjana Hörnle).

„Zudem ist mit Blick auf die Wortwahl des Gesetzgebers erkennbar, dass es sich um negative Veränderungen von einigem Gewicht handeln muss. Damit scheiden rein symbolische Bagatellverletzungen, kosmetisch motivierte Eingriffe wie „Schönheitsoperationen“ im Genitalbereich oder dem Modebewusstsein entspringende Intimpiercings aus dem objektiven Tatbestand des § 226a StGB aus.″ (Mark A. Zöller, Seite 733)

Den beiden amerikanischen Legalisierern der Sunna-Mädchenbeschneidung Dr. Kavita Shah Arora und Dr. Allan Jacobs gehe es nicht etwa darum, am kindlichen Genital für eine religiös gebotene bzw. kulturadäquate klitzekleine Verstümmelung (genital mutilation, FGM) zu sorgen. Vielmehr soll eine elterlich gewünschte De-minimis-Veränderung (genital alteration, FGA) am Geschlechtsorgan des weiblichen Kindes möglich sein. Gravierende Formen von FGM pardon FGA, so legt es der Aufsatz (Female genital alteration: a compromise solution) nahe, solle der Rechtsstaat nach wie vor verhindern. Als Gesetzgeber, Arzt oder überhaupt als US-Bürger müsse man hingegen Verständnis dafür haben, dass „kulturelle und religiöse Verpflichtungen“ (cultural and religious obligations) nun einmal zu erfüllen seien.

Um den kulturellen Überzeugungen gerecht zu werden und gleichzeitig die körperliche Gesundheit der Mädchen zu schützen, schlagen wir eine Kompromisslösung vor, in der liberale Staaten diese De-minimis-FGA, in Anerkennung der Erfüllung kultureller und religiöser Verpflichtungen, rechtlich zulassen, hingegen jene Formen der FGA ächten, die gefährlich sind, weil sie signifikante sexuelle oder reproduktive Dysfunktionen verursachen. […]

liberale Regierungen sollten diese De-minimis-Verfahren ermöglichen, die schließlich nicht mehr Auswirkungen haben als andere kulturell akzeptierte Verfahren, wie sie bei Minderjährigen als ästhetische Verbesserung durchgeführt werden. Schließlich werden wir argumentieren, dass die Etikettierung dieser De-minimis-Verfahren als „Verstümmelung“ kulturell unsensibel ist, diskriminierend für die Frauen und dass sie keine Menschenrechtsverletzung darstellen. Dazu bieten wir eine abgestufte Argumentation und eine Kompromisslösung an […]

viele muslimische Gelehrte klassifizieren FGA als „Sunna“ oder Praxis, wie sie vom Propheten Muhammad begründet wurde. […]

wir alle müssen endlich eine nuanciertere Position einnehmen […]

Die [in den mädchenbeschneidenden Milieus] hier und da vorzufindende Kultur des Schweigens ist zurückzuführen auf ein Misstrauen gegenüber den globalen Anti-FGA-Kampagnen, die als „sensationsgierig, ethnozentrisch, rassistisch, kulturell unsensibel und unzulässig vereinfachend“ wahrgenommen werden.[5]

Michigan 2017, offensichtlich erstmals in der Geschichte der USA befasst sich der Strafprozess um die hauptberufliche Notärztin und klandestine Ritualbeschneiderin Dr. Jumana F. Nagarwala (United States of America v. JUMANA NAGARWALA) mit dem bestehenden Verbot der weiblichen Genitalverstümmelung 18 USC 116 (female genital mutilation).[6]

Mindestens schafiitisch (Fiqh nach Imam asch-Schafii), möglicherweise auch hanbalitisch schreibt der sunnitische Islam die weibliche Genitalverstümmelung als zwingende religiöse Pflicht vor (wāǧib (واجب), wadschib, anglisiert wajib; Synonym: farḍ (فرض), zu: farīḍa, Religionspflicht).[7] Die islamische Mädchenbeschneidung heißt Chitan al-inath, ḫitān al-ināṯ (ختان الإناث) oder Chatna (ختنة) ḫatna, indonesisch und malaiisch: sunat perempuan bzw. sunat pada wanita, ferner sagt man ḫifāḍ bzw. ḫafḍ, wörtl. Einsenken oder Herabtiefen, oder auch: ḫitān al-banāt, wörtlich Beschneidung der Töchter oder der Mädchen ((البنات), Tochter ist bint (بنت). Doch gibt Islamic FGM auch bei manchen Schiiten, beispielsweise bei der eher kleinen Strömung der siebener-schiitischen Dawudi Bohra (anglis. Dawoodi Bohra), das sind etwa eine Million Menschen hauptsächlich in der westlichen indischen Provinz Gujarat und der pakistanischen Stadt Karatschi, ferner in Nairobi und Mombasa, Kenia, auf Bali in Indonesien sowie in Australien und den USA.[8] Zum Vergleich: in Indonesien leben 260 Millionen Menschen, davon 225 Millionen überwiegend vom Fiqh nach Imam asch-Schafii geprägte Muslime. Auch die Kurden, soweit sunnitisch, folgen der schafiitischen Madhhab und entsprechend kennt Kurdistan die islamisch begründete weibliche Genitalverstümmelung. Und während nur die Schafiiten gleichsam zwischen Jungen und Mädchen nicht unterscheiden und männliche wie weibliche Beschneidung zur religiösen Pflicht erklären,[9] so befürworten alle vier sunnitischen Rechtsschulen die Beschneidung von Frauen; den Malikiten gilt die FGM als Prophetentradition (Sunna) und damit als empfehlenswert, für die Hanafiten wie auch für manche Hanbaliten ist sie edel, ehrenwert (makruma; honourable action, meritorious, noble deed).[10]

Die 44-jährige Dr. Jumana Nagarwala, eine US-amerikanische Muslima und Angehörige der schiitischen Strömung der Dawudi Bohra, arbeitet als Notärztin am Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Bundesstaat Michigan, USA. Nicht an ihrem Arbeitsplatz, sondern an einer Klinik im benachbarten Livonia (Michigan), so der strafrechtliche Vorwurf, soll sie die Geschlechtsorgane zweier etwa sieben Jahre alter Mädchen aus rituellen Gründen verletzt haben. Was genau im Februar dieses Jahres die Medizinerin aus Northville, Michigan, den beiden Siebenjährigen aus dem US-Staat Minnesota am Geschlechtsteil eingestochen, eingeschnitten oder abgeschnitten hat, ist Gegenstand der Ermittlungen, es könnte sich unter anderem auch um eine FGM Typ II handeln,[11] das bedeutet Schamlippen(teil)amputation, sowie eine Verletzung der Klitorisvorhaut. Bei Inzision (Einscheiden) der Klitorisvorhaut wäre das eine FGM Typ IV, bei Amputation von Gewebe eine FGM Typ Ia. Einige Beschneider, auch Beschneiderinnen, sollen in der Lage sein, derartig geschickt und damit ohne spätere Narbenbildung zu arbeiten, dass man die FGM Typ Ib Amputation oder Teilamputation der Klitoris nicht auf den ersten Blick erkennen kann.[12]

Man mache sich nichts vor, die FGM, auch die islamische, zielt nicht auf irgendein relativ wenig beschädigendes Pieksen oder Hauteinritzen, sondern ist der Angriff auf das Zentrum der sexuellen Lust, die Klitoris, arabisch baẓr (بظر). Man falle daher nicht auf den Nebelwurf der globalen Bewegung für immer mehr Schariagesetze herein, die sich auf den amerikanischen Sufischeich Nuh Ha Mim Keller beruft. In seiner kommentierten Übersetzung des Hauptwerks des schafiitischen Rechts (Reliance of the Traveller) gab Keller baẓr falsch wieder mit Klitorisvorhaut: „nicht die Klitoris, wie gelegentlich fälschlich angenommen wird“ (not the clitoris itself, as some mistakenly assert). Nach Keller also ziele Allahs Rede (Koran) und Mohammeds Befehl (Sunna) lediglich auf die (Teil)Ampution der Klitorisvorhaut und lasse die Klitoris in jedem Fall unangetastet. Der einen Beschneidungsbefehl (FGM) von Imam asch-Schafii (schafiitischer Fiqh) und Imam ibn Hanbal (hanbalitisch) begeistert weiterreichende sowie die gesundheitlichen Vorteile und die himmlische Weisheit der Mädchenbeschneidung nach FGM Typ Ib bewerbende Assif Hussein (Female Circumcision – The Hidden Truth) behauptet ebenfalls, dass die Scharia den unbedingten Schutz der Kitzlers gewährleisten.[13] Die Scheiche und Muftis denken gar nicht daran, eine FGM Typ Ib als Verstoß gegen die Scharia zu definieren. Eine Ausnahme ist der hanafitische Scheich Faraz Rabbani, ein Schüler von Nuh Ha Mm Keller.[14]

Die autoritativen islamischen Texte geben das Wort Klitorisvorhaut nicht her, baẓr ist und bleibt die Klitoris. Bis heute hat uns der amerikanische Sufischeich und Übersetzer des schafiitischen Rechtskompendiums Das Vertrauen des Reisenden und Rüstzeug des Anbetenden, Autor Shihabuddin Abu al-Abbas Ahmad ibn an-Naqib al-Misri (1302–1367; ʿUmdat as-Sālik wa ʿUddat al-Nāsik, engl.: Reliance of the Traveller and Tools of the Worshipper) kein arabisches Wort für Klitorisvorhaut nennen können.

Die Herrschaften Nagarwala (2017), Arora und Jacobs (2016), Hörnle (Herbst 2014) sowie Ringel und Meyer (Frühjahr 2014) wissen nicht oder verschweigen, dass es auch islamrechtlich nicht beim Wegschneiden der Klitorisvorhaut bleiben wird, sondern dass, wie schon in vorislamischer Zeit, selbstverständlich das weibliche Zentrum der Lust amputiert oder teilamputiert werden kann, die arabisch baẓr (Mehrzahl buẓūr) zu nennende Klitoris. Eines Tages begegnete Mohammed der zum Islam konvertierten muqaṭṭiʿatu l-buẓūr (amputatrice di clitoridi, coupeuse de clitoris, cutter of clitorises), der Frauenbeschneiderin Umm ʿAṭiyya. Die Gottgehorsame befragte den Propheten nach der religiösen Rechtmäßigkeit ihrer täglichen Arbeit und Allahs Sprecher stellte fest:

أشمِّي ولا تنهَكي

ašimmī wa-lā tanhakī

[Cut] slightly and do not overdo it

[Schneide] leicht und übertreibe nicht

Oder Mohammed verkündete den Willen des Himmels so:

اختفضن ولا تنهكن

iḫtafiḍna wa-lā tanhikna

Cut [slightly] without exaggeration

Schneide [leicht] und ohne Übertreibung

Seither ist das dem kleinen Mädchen zu amputierende Quantum und Volumen an Genitalgewebe, vielfältig und flexibel, als Viertel eines Reiskorns, als Guavensamen, Bohne, Blattspitze, Nadelkopf (the size of a nail clipping, a quarter-grain of rice, a guava seed, a bean, the tip of a leaf, or the head of a needle) definiert worden oder als Hahnenkamm (the crest of a rooster), wobei überirdisch verschwommen bleibt, ob die sogenannte Bohne oder dergleichen jetzt aus der Schamlippe, aus der Klitorisvorhaut oder aber aus der Klitoris herausgeschnitten werden muss und schon eher gesichert ist, dass jede somalische, kurdische oder indonesische Beschneiderin von Zeit zu Zeit sehr üppige Bohnen sowie ausgesprochen fleischige Hahnenkämme zwischen ihren Fingerspitzen dreht.

Fassen wir die bisherigen Ereignisse aus Detroit bzw. Livonia zusammen: Ob Dr. Jumana F. Nagarwala, die Notärztin und Muslima aus der schiitischen (Tayyibi-Ismailiten) Strömung der Dawudi Bohra, eine islamische weibliche Beschneidung sprich weibliche Genitalverstümmelung (Chatna, Chitan al-inath, in Indonesien und Malaysia: sunat perempuan, sunat pada wanita) FGM Typ IV (Einstechen oder Einschneiden usw.) oder FGM Typ Ia (Klitorisvorhaut(teil)amputation) oder eine Genitalverstümmelung aus dem Bereich FGM Typ II (Schamlippen(teil)amputation) durchgeführt hat, wird ermittelt.

Werden wir nun grundsätzlicher. Ob der junge Mensch weiblich ist oder männlich: Erst der Erwachsene, der Mensch ab 18 Jahre, kann die Folgen einer rituellen Genitaloperation abschätzen. Minderjährige, 17 Jahre alt und jünger, sind deshalb vor jeder HGM, das ist FGM oder MGM, zu bewahren.

Schluss mit dem Verhandeln um die rechte Altersgrenze des Einwilligens (age of consent), Schluss mit dem Gerede von der genitalen Selbstbestimmung des Kindes oder Jugendlichen. Ob Mädchen oder Junge: keine Beschneidung unter achtzehn!

Drei Themenkreise überlagern, verzahnen sich. Ob wir über religiöse Genitalbeschneidungen, über Päderastie oder über das Ehe- bzw. Personenstandsrecht reden bzw. diesbezüglich Gesetze schaffen, „genital autonomy“ ist auf das Engste verbunden mit dem – sehr islamischen – Anspruch beispielsweise auf Verheiratung des neunjährigen Mädchens.[15]

Deshalb sollten sich Intaktivisten und andere Kinderschützer zur Altersgrenze 18 Jahre bekennen, unterhalb von der es 1. keine Einvernehmlichkeit sexueller Handlungen mit Erwachsenen, 2. keine Ehemündigkeit und 3., ob als Mädchen oder Junge, keinen eigenen Beschneidungswunsch geben darf; die entsprechenden Gesetze sind auf den Weg zu bringen.

Denn ernsthaft gemeinter Intaktivismus, bittesehr, der Name sagt es doch, bedeutet: Unversehrtheit des Körpers, insbesondere des Geschlechtsorgans, und integriert in keiner Weise das rituelle Genitalverstümmeln, weder auf Elternwunsch noch auf Kindeswunsch.

Gabi Schmidt und Edward von Roy

Q u e l l e n

[1] Zu Prof. Karl-Peter Ringel mit Ass. Jur. Kathrin Meyer (§ 226a StGB – Sonderstraftatbestand der Frauenbeschneidung & verfassungswidrige Ungleichbehandlung (2014))

Zwei Wegbereiter deutscher Mädchenbescheidung | Von Edward von Roy

https://schariagegner.wordpress.com/2014/09/14/prof-dr-ringel-empfiehlt-dem-gesetzgeber-die-fgm-typ-ia-und-iv-milde-sunna/

[2] Zur Gutachterin auf dem 70. djt Prof. Dr. Tatjana Hörnle (Verhandlungen des 70. Deutschen Juristentages Hannover 2014 Bd. I: Gutachten Teil C: Kultur, Religion, Strafrecht – Neue Herausforderungen in einer pluralistischen Gesellschaft)

Entgegnung auf die Richtigstellung der Tatjana Hörnle | Von Edward von Roy und Gabi Schmidt am 16.09.2014.

https://schariagegner.wordpress.com/2014/09/17/kommentar-zu-tatjana-hoernles-richtigstellung-zum-artikel-im-berliner-kurier/

[3] WHO-Klassifikation zur weiblichen Genitalverstümmelung (FGM)

Female genital mutilation : a joint WHO/UNICEF/UNFPA statement

Les Mutilations sexuelles féminines : déclaration commune OMS/UNICEF/FNUAP

http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/41903/1/9241561866.pdf

WHO | Eliminating female genital mutilation

Eliminating female genital mutilation: an interagency statement – OHCHR, UNAIDS, UNDP, UNECA, UNESCO, UNFPA, UNHCR, UNICEF, UNIFEM, WHO.

http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/43839/1/9789241596442_eng.pdf

Mehr als 200 Millionen von FGM betroffene Mädchen und Frauen. Die endlich nach oben korrigierten Zahlen nach Einbeziehung von Indonesien (schafiitische Rechtsschule des sunnitischen Islam).

200 million girls and women living with FGM: UNICEF | Daily Mail Online 05.02.2016

The new global figure on FGM includes nearly 70 million more girls and women than the last estimate for 2014, largely due to new data provided by Indonesia and population growth in some countries.

http://www.dailymail.co.uk/wires/afp/article-3432762/200-million-girls-women-living-FGM-UNICEF.html

05.02.2016 – NEW YORK, 5 February 2016 – At least 200 million girls and women […]

https://www.unicef.org/media/media_90033.html

[4] Europa 25 Jahre nach dem First International Symposium on Circumcision. Genital Intactness statt Beschneidung auf Kinderwunsch

Vortragsskript von Edward von Roy

Köln 14. Februar 2014

https://schariagegner.wordpress.com/2014/02/14/keine-beschneidung-unter-achtzehn/

[5] Female genital alteration: a compromise solution

Kavita Shah Arora, Allan J Jacobs

To accommodate cultural beliefs while protecting the physical health of girls, we propose a compromise solution in which liberal states would legally permit de minimis FGA in recognition of its fulfilment of cultural and religious obligations, but would proscribe those forms of FGA that are dangerous or that produce significant sexual or reproductive dysfunction. […]

liberal governments should tolerate de minimis procedures with no more effect than other accepted procedures performed on minors for aesthetic enhancement. Finally, we will argue that labelling these de minimis procedures as ‘mutilation’ is culturally insensitive and discriminatory towards women, and that they do not constitute a human rights violation. In doing so, we offer a tiered argument and compromise solution […]

many Muslim scholars classify FGA as ‘Sunnah’ or practice established by the prophet Muhammad. […]

we must adopt a more nuanced position […]

his local culture of silence is due to a distrust of the global eradication campaigns as being ‘sensationalized, ethnocentric, racist, culturally insensitive and simplistic’.

http://jme.bmj.com/content/42/3/148

Arora und Jacobs Ruth bedanken sich für Unterstützung durch Ruth Macklin und Arianne Shahvisi:

Particularly, we wish to acknowledge Professor Macklin’s view that sanctioning de minimis FGA would constitute a harm reduction strategy that cannot reasonably be considered a human rights violation. We also recognise that Professor Shahvisi’s hypothesis of a ritual vulvar nick in a clean environment and performed by a trained provider as ethically appropriate indeed is within the scope of our category 1 procedures.

Harm reduction and female genital alteration: a response to the commentaries. By Kavita Shah Arora, Allan Joel Jacobs.

http://jme.bmj.com/content/42/3/164

Cutting slack and cutting corners: an ethical and pragmatic response to Arora and Jacobs’ ‘Female genital alteration: a compromise solution’

Sanctioning a form of FGA that seeks to minimise if not eliminate harm to infants, adolescents and adult women, and at the same time show respect for cultural traditions appears to make good sense. In arguing for a de minimis procedure, the authors contend that any harm would be equivalent to that of male circumcision, a practice that is permitted by countries that have made FGA illegal. They are correct in saying that in a de minimis form, FGA could not reasonably be considered a human rights violation.

Not all cultural traditions deserve respect | By: Ruth Macklin

http://jme.bmj.com/content/42/3/155

Cutting slack and cutting corners: an ethical and pragmatic response to Arora and Jacobs’ ‘Female genital alteration: a compromise solution’ | By: Arianne Shahvisi

http://jme.bmj.com/content/early/2016/02/19/medethics-2015-103206?sid=da36f4ac-a294-400f-9088-a450e78ca416&utm_source=TrendMD&utm_medium=cpc&utm_campaign=J_Med_Ethics_TrendMD-0

Beim Reden über das Einwilligen (consent) sollte die an der Brighton & Sussex Medical School zu den Themen Bioethik, Theorie des Feminismus und FGM forschende kurdischstämmige Britin Dr. Arianne Shahvisi das Mindestalter 18 Jahre fordern, um das Genital des weiblichen oder männlichen Minderjährigen kompromisslos vor jeder rituellen Operation zu schützen.

According to Arianne Shahvisi of the University of Sussex ethics department in Britain: „One must not cause irreversible changes to the body of another person without their consent.“

http://www.dailymail.co.uk/wires/afp/article-3459336/Doctors-urge-compromise-female-genital-cutting.html

„Rites of passage are important to all of us, but one must not cause irreversible changes to the body of another person without their consent.“

(Dr Arianne Shahvisi, at the University of Sussex.)

http://www.dailymail.co.uk/health/article-3459178/FGM-akin-male-circumcision-breast-implants-designer-vagina-ops-Gynecologists-argue-genital-nicks-don-t-harm-girls-legalized.html

Kavita Shah Arora and Allan J Jacobs in their paper have compared FGM, which is considered a violation of child rights by UNICEF, with male circumcision. Jacobs is the director of gynecologic oncology at Coney Island Hospital and teaches bioethics at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York. Arora is an assistant professor of reproductive biology and bioethics at Case Western Reserve University.

“In liberal societies that accept male circumcision, room for discussion surrounding the acceptability of FGA exists,” the paper, published in the Journal of Medical Ethics by British Medical Journal, says.

The authors say that a small surgical nick or a minimalistic procedure that alters the appearance of a girl’s genitalia should be allowed as a compromise to the issue of FGM.

Less severe forms of genital alteration should be tolerated, say American doctors | By: Priyanka Vora | Hindustan Times 24.02.2016

http://www.hindustantimes.com/mumbai/less-severe-forms-of-genital-alteration-should-be-tolerated-say-american-doctors/story-emb8VSj0CrFelAufo8IEvI.html

[6] Michigan 2017, Strafprozess: United States of America v. JUMANA NAGARWALA, zum bestehenden US-amerikanischen Verbot der weiblichen Genitalverstümmelung gemäß 18 USC § 116 (female genital mutilation).

Detroit Emergency Room Doctor Arrested and Charged with Performing Female Genital Mutilation

https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/detroit-emergency-room-doctor-arrested-and-charged-performing-female-genital-mutilation

Criminal Complaint

https://www.justice.gov/opa/press-release/file/957381/download

Detroit — A Detroit emergency room physician was charged Wednesday with mutilating the genitalia of two 7-year-old girls in what is believed to be the first case of its kind brought under federal law.

Jumana Nagarwala of Northville was charged with female genital mutilation […]

Detroit physician charged with mutilating girls’ genitalia | By Robert Snell | The Detroit News 13./14.04.2017

http://www.detroitnews.com/story/news/local/detroit-city/2017/04/13/doctor-charged-genital-mutilation/100416734/

Michigan Doctor Is Accused of Genital Cutting of 2 Girls | By Jacey Fortinapril | The New York Times 13.04.2017

[…] Dr. Nagarwala, who practices emergency medicine at the Henry Ford Hospital in Detroit […] The World Health Organization estimates that worldwide, more than 200 million girls and women alive today have undergone some form of genital cutting. […]

[ 200 Millionen wurde die – endlich korrekte – Zahl mit Berücksichtigung der FGM in Indonesien und Malaysia, nämlich unter Einbeziehung der schafiitischen, der sunnitisch-islamischen Chitan al-inath / sunat perempuan (FGM). ]

A Detroit doctor accused of performing genital mutilations on two seven-year-old Minnesota girls has been charged.

Cops say Dr. Jumana Nagarwala, 44, was identified by the two girls as the person who performed the barbaric procedures on them at a suburban clinic in February.

Their mothers took them to Nagarwala for the procedures, the FBI said. […]

FBI agents have also identified other children who may have suffered at the doctor’s hands between 2005 and 2007.

The accused remains in jail awaiting a hearing Monday.

Meanwhile, Muslim leaders in Minneapolis are outraged over a man patrolling a Somali neighbourhood enforcing the Islamic civil code.

Abdullah Rashid has been telling residents not to drink, use drugs or interact with the opposite sex, according to his interpretation of Sharia law, the Star Tribune reported Thursday.

Detroit doc allegedly mutilated girls‘ genitals | By Brad Hunter | Toronto Sun 13.04.2017

http://www.torontosun.com/2017/04/13/detroit-doc-allegedly-mutilated-girls-genitals

Der FGM-Fall mit Ritualbeschneiderin Nagarwala: mindestens auch eine FGM Typ II

[…] Jumana Nagarwala, 44, was also charged with „transportation with intent to engage in criminal sexual activity“ — a reference to FGM — and making false statements to a federal officer.

The criminal complaint says federal agents documented that two girls were transported by two women across state lines to a medical clinic in Livonia, Mich. Documents show Nagarwala is not employed at this clinic nor is there any record of her billings there.

The children were told it was a „’special‘ girls trip,“ according to court documents. The first victim told federal agents that she underwent a procedure „to get the germs out“ of her, and she identified Nagarwala in a photograph as the doctor who performed the operation. A medical examination performed under a search warrant found that her „labia minora has been altered or removed, and her clitoral hood is also abnormal in appearance.“ […]

The New York Times reports that she has been placed on administrative leave from Detroit’s Henry Ford Hospital, according to David Olejarz, a spokesman for the Henry Ford Health System.

Michigan Doctor Charged With Performing Female Genital Mutilation On Girls | By Merrit Kennedy | The Two-Way (NPR, ehemals National Public Radio) 14.04.2017

http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/04/14/523917425/michigan-doctor-charged-with-performing-female-genital-mutilation-on-girls

Livonia doctor charged with female genital mutilation of children

http://www.fox2detroit.com/news/local-news/248511465-story

Nagarwala, a U.S. citizen who also speaks Gujarati, a language spoken in western India

https://scallywagandvagabond.com/2017/04/dr-jumana-nagarwala-charged-female-genital-mutilation-young-girls/

Gujarati Muslims

Many of these early merchants were Ismaili Shia, both Mustaali and Nizari. They laid the foundation of the Bohra and Khoja communities.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gujarati_Muslims

Dr Nagarwala, who belongs to the Dawoodi Bohra community,

https://scroll.in/latest/834623/us-doctor-of-indian-origin-arrested-for-allegedly-performing-female-genital-cutting-on-minors

[7] Genitalverstümmelung an Frauen ist auch im größten muslimischen Staat der Erde eine Alltäglichkeit. Zur islamischen FGM Indonesiens. Von Jacques Auvergne (2007).

https://schariagegner.wordpress.com/2008/01/20/indonesien-genitalverstuemmelung-an-muslimischen-maedchen/

Die Al-Azhar und das weibliche Genital. Von Jacques Auvergne (2009).

[…] Den Bürgern Europas gegenüber streiten muslimische Geistliche und streiten vor allem nichtmuslimische xenophile Islamfreunde gerne ab, dass FGM (female genital mutilation, Frauenbeschneidung) irgend etwas mit dem Islam zu tun habe. Auszüge aus einer Fernsehdebatte zum Thema der weiblichen Beschneidung in Ägypten.

Ausgestrahlt wurde das Interview über den kuwaitischen Fernsehsender Al-Rai TV am 28. März 2006. Quelle MEMRI-TV, deutsch von Jacques Auvergne, 9. Juni 2008, es unterhalten sich Dr. Muhammad Wahdan, Dozent an der Kairoer Al-Azhar-„Universität“ und die Dozentin für Islamisches Religiöses Recht Dr. Malika Zarrar.

Zarrar ist grundsätzliche Gegnerin jeder Form von Frauenbeschneidung. Der Islam-Experte von der so genannten Universität Al-Azhar, die immerhin als die höchste Autorität des sunnitischen Islam gilt, hat eine „differenziertere“ Meinung: Wahdan will die FGM, Wahdan will die Teilamputation der Klitoris für alle Mädchen, die sie benötigen, nicht aber für die, die sie nicht benötigen.

https://schariagegner.wordpress.com/2008/06/09/islam-und-fgm/

Kein Islam ohne FGM. Von Jacques Auvergne (2016).

[…] In diesen Wochen plant Ägypten eine Strafverschärfung in Bezug auf diesen Chitan al-inath (ḫitān al-ināṯ, ختان الإناث; auch: ḫitān al-banāt, wörtl. Beschneidung der Töchter; Tochter ist bint), in Bezug auf die weibliche Genitalverstümmelung. Der Staat würde die FGM dann, statt lediglich als Vergehen, als ein Verbrechen bewerten. Soweit so vernünftig. Nebenbei: Beschneidung, v. a. Jungenbeschneidung, ist chitan, ḫitān (ختان)‎‎, oder chatna, ḫatna (ختنة)‎‎, die Intaktheit des männlichen Genitals ist nicht weniger zu schützen als die weibliche. Wir meinen den wissenschaftlichen Begriff von körperlicher Unversehrtheit, aus islamischer Sicht freilich macht erst der Chitan das Geschlechtsorgan intakt. Ohne MGM bzw. FGM kein Kindeswohl, das ist die Maßgabe von Schöpfungsordnung (Scharia) und islamischer Normativität bzw. Gesetzlichkeit (auch Scharia).

Dann im Parlament der kleine Eklat. Der ägyptische Abgeordnete und Arzt Dr. Ahmad al-Tahawi (أحمد الطحاوى) ist Mitglied im parlamentarischen Gesundheitsausschuss. Sich auf seine ärztliche Qualifikation berufend, nennt al-Tahawi die Mädchenbeschneidung, und sei es für seine eigenen Töchter, islamisch geboten und medizinisch erforderlich („religiös und medizinisch“,دينياً و طبياً). Unfair, unbillig, ungerecht zu handeln sprich zuviel Genitalgewebe wegzuschneiden sei gewiss falsch, das Mädchen unbeschnitten zu lassen sei aber auch falsch. Aber ja doch, wo es gelte, sich zwischen Religion und Wissenschaft zu entscheiden, bevorzuge man den Glauben: „Wir folgen den Männern der Religion.“

https://schariagegner.wordpress.com/2016/07/30/das-maerchen-vom-verbot-der-fgm/

[8] Dawoodi Bohra (داؤدی بوہرہ)

The main language of the community is „Lisan ud-Dawat“, a dialect of Gujarati with inclusions from Arabic, Urdu and other languages.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dawoodi_Bohra

https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dawudi_Bohras

FGM bei den Dawudi Bohra

Female circumcision anger aired in India | The community’s insistence on “Khatna” (the excision of the clitoris) also sets it apart from others on the subcontinent | AFP 23.04.2012

https://www.dawn.com/news/712748/female-circumcision-anger-aired-in-india-fm

Australia’s first female genital mutilation trial: how a bright young girl convinced a jury | By Bridie Jabour | The Guardian 13.11.2015

https://www.theguardian.com/society/2015/nov/13/female-genital-mutilation-trial-young-girl-convinced-jury-australia

Three sentenced to 15 months in landmark female genital mutilation trial | By Michael Safi | The Guardian 18.03.2016

https://www.theguardian.com/society/2016/mar/18/three-sentenced-to-15-months-in-landmark-female-genital-mutilation-trial

[9] „Circumcision is obligatory upon men and women according to us.“ (Die Beschneidung bei Männern und Frauen ist unserer Auffassung nach verbindlich vorgeschrieben.)

http://www.ezw-berlin.de/html/15_2592.php

Circumcision is obligatory upon men and women according to us (i.e. the Shafi’is). (Majmu’ of Imam An-Nawawi 1:164) The circumcision is wajib upon men and women according to the rājih qawl of Shāfiʿī madhhab. […]

Answered by: Sidi Abdullah Muḥammad al-Marbūqī al-Shāfiʿī

Checked by: Al-Ustāż Fauzi ibn Abd Rahman

[ Shafii Fiqh – siehe aber: „Rulings from your site regarding female circumcision appear to have been taken down.“ ]

http://www.shafiifiqh.com/what-is-the-ruling-on-circumcision-for-women/

The official position of the Shafi’i School is that it is obligatory for a woman. […]

Answered by: Shaykh Yaqub Abdurrahman

http://www.shafiifiqh.com/question-details.aspx?qstID=173

[10] Islam Question and Answer, General Supervisor: Shaykh Muhammad Saalih al-Munajjid. Fatwa.

60314: Circumcision of girls and some doctors’ criticism thereof

[…] Circumcision is one of the Sunnahs of the fitrah, and it is for both males and females, except that is it obligatory for males and Sunnah and good in the case of women. End quote […]

In the fatwa of Shaykh ‘Atiyah Saqar – the former heard of the Fatwa Committee in al-Azhar – it says:

The calls which urge the banning of female circumcision are call that go against Islam, because there is no clear text in the Qur’an or Sunna and there is no opinion of the fuqaha’ that says that female circumcision is haraam. Female circumcision is either obligatory or recommended. […]

https://islamqa.info/en/60314

45528: Medical benefits of female circumcision

https://islamqa.info/en/45528

The official position of the Shafi’i School is that it is obligatory for a woman. There is also a weaker opinion that Imam Nawawi [an-Nawawī, 1233 bis 1277] relates in Rauda [Kitāb ar-Rauḍa] 10/180 that it is recommended. This is the opinion maintained by other scholars who considered that it is recommended or simply a noble deed, like Imam Abu Hanifa and Imam Malik.

by: Shaykh Yaqub Abdurrahman

http://www.shafiifiqh.com/question-details.aspx?qstID=173

To mutilate in the name of Jehovah or Allah: legitimization of male and female circumcision.

Sami A. ALDEEB ABU-SAHLIEH. Med Law. 1994;13(7-8):575-622, July 1994.

Female circumcison is practised in Sudan, Somalia, Egypt and a few other Arab and Muslim countries. It has triggered a passionate public debate in the West. This debate has found somewhat of an echo in the Arab and Muslim world, but some Muslim religious circles such as Al-Azhar (Egypt), the most important Islamic centre in the world, try to justify it on the basis of sunna (that is, to conform with the tradition of the prophet Mohammed).

http://www.cirp.org/library/cultural/aldeeb1/

No distinction between male and female circumcision

Sami A. ALDEEB ABU-SAHLIEH. Med Ethics. 1995 Oct;21(5):311.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1376781/

(Fatwa)

Islam Question and Answer

General Supervisor: Shaykh Muhammad Saalih al-Munajjid

45528: Medical benefits of female circumcision

(Question)

Could you explain me what is the medical benefit of girl’s circumcision?

(Answer)

[…] Female circumcision has not been prescribed for no reason, rather there is wisdom behind it and it brings many benefits.

Mentioning some of these benefits, Dr. Haamid al-Ghawaabi says:

The secretions of the labia minora accumulate in uncircumcised women and turn rancid, so they develop an unpleasant odour which may lead to infections of the vagina or urethra. I have seen many cases of sickness caused by the lack of circumcision.

Circumcision reduces excessive sensitivity of the clitoris which may cause it to increase in size to 3 centimeters when aroused, which is very annoying to the husband, especially at the time of intercourse.

Another benefit of circumcision is that it prevents stimulation of the clitoris which makes it grow large in such a manner that it causes pain.

Circumcision prevents spasms of the clitoris which are a kind of inflammation.

Circumcision reduces excessive sexual desire.

[…]

The female gynaecologist Sitt al-Banaat Khaalid says in an article entitled Khitaan al-Banaat Ru’yah Sihhiyyah (Female circumcision from a health point of view):

For us in the Muslim world female circumcision is, above all else, obedience to Islam, which means acting in accordance with the fitrah and following the Sunnah which encourages it. We all know the dimensions of Islam, and that everything in it must be good in all aspects, including health aspects. If the benefits are not apparent now, they will become known in the future, as has happened with regard to male circumcision – the world now knows its benefits and it has become widespread among all nations despite the opposition of some groups.

Then she mentioned some of the health benefits of female circumcision and said:

It takes away excessive libido from women

It prevents unpleasant odours which result from foul secretions beneath the prepuce.

It reduces the incidence of urinary tract infections

It reduces the incidence of infections of the reproductive system.

In the book on Traditions that affect the health of women and children, which was published by the World Health Organization in 1979 it says:

With regard to the type of female circumcision which involves removal of the prepuce of the clitoris, which is similar to male circumcision, no harmful health effects have been noted.

And Allaah knows best.

https://islamqa.info/en/45528

I’m against the complete removal of the clitoris. I’m totally against this, because it is forbidden and does not please Allah.

Clip No. 1090 Egyptian Experts on Islamic Religious Law Debate Female Circumcision | MEMRI The Middle East Media Research Institute | 27.03.2006

https://www.memri.org/tv/egyptian-experts-islamic-religious-law-debate-female-circumcision/transcript

Clip No. 1090

Egyptian Experts on Islamic Religious Law Debate Female Circumcision

27.03.2006

Following are excerpts from a debate on female circumcision in Egypt. Al-Azhar University lecturer Dr. Muhammad Wahdan and lecturer on Islamic religious law Dr. Malika Zarrar participated in the debate, which aired on the Kuwaiti Al-Rai TV on March 28, 2006.

https://www.memri.org/tv/egyptian-experts-islamic-religious-law-debate-female-circumcision

The issue of female circumcision is very contentious. Note first that the above translation of the Manual of Shafi’i jurisprudence (fiqh) provided by Nuh Ha Mim Keller is not correct, since what the Arabic actually says is:

„Circumcision is obligatory (for every male and female) by cutting off the piece of skin on the glans of the penis of the male, but circumcision of the female is by cutting out the clitoris (this is called KhifaaD).“

http://answering-islam.org/Index/C/circumcision.html

[11] FGM-Fall und Ritualbeschneiderin Nagarwala: Offensichtlich mindestens auch eine FGM Typ II.

A medical examination performed under a search warrant found that her „labia minora has been altered or removed, and her clitoral hood is also abnormal in appearance.“

http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/04/14/523917425/michigan-doctor-charged-with-performing-female-genital-mutilation-on-girls

According to court documents, when the girl arrived, her labia minora, the flaps on either side of the vaginal opening, was removed. Her clitoral hood was also damaged, according to the criminal complaint.

Michigan doctor accused of performing genital mutilation on young girls is denied bail | By Caroline Modarressy-Tehrani | VICE News 17.04.2017

https://news.vice.com/story/michigan-doctor-jumana-nagarwala-accused-of-performing-genital-mutilation-on-young-girls-denied-bail

[12] Islamisch-innovativ ist … FGM Typ I narbenfrei.

The injury had healed with no obvious scarring to either. The crown prosecutor later explained to the court this was because KM had perfected a technique that left no scarring.

Australia’s first female genital mutilation trial: how a bright young girl convinced a jury | By Bridie Jabour | The Guardian 13.11.2015

https://www.theguardian.com/society/2015/nov/13/female-genital-mutilation-trial-young-girl-convinced-jury-australia

Both girls were aged seven at the time of the FGM, which was classed as either type one or type four, involving the cutting or partial removal of their clitorises without leaving a scar.

By: Michael Safi | The Guardian 18.03.2016

https://www.theguardian.com/society/2016/mar/18/three-sentenced-to-15-months-in-landmark-female-genital-mutilation-trial

[13] Asiff Hussain

Female Circumcision – The Hidden Truth · How Misogynists and Feminists are feeding upon each other to denigrate an Islamic practice that brings untold benefits to women

http://asiffhussein.com/2015/04/02/female-circumcision-the-hidden-truth/

http://sailanmuslim.com/news/female-circumcision-the-hidden-truth-by-asiff-hussein/

Asiff Hussein […] serves as Head of Outreach of the Centre for Islamic Studies (CIS) […] He also served as Editor-in-Chief of Islamic Finance Today, a magazine exclusively dedicated to the promotion of ethical interest-free banking and finance from 2006-2016. He presently serves as Editor-in-Chief of Wahed Invest Islamic Finance Blog. […] He is an Alumnus of the International Visitor Leadership Programme organised by the US State Department, having participated in an IVLP Programme on Religion and Social Justice in America on a tour that covered Washington, Huntsville, Birmingham, Santa Fe and San Francisco from June 28th to July 16th 2010.

http://asiffhussein.com/about-asiff-hussein/

Asiff Hussain wurde in Südostasien bereits 2006 gelesen …

https://dkmfahutan.wordpress.com/2006/09/12/khitan-wanita/

… sowie 2015 in Sri Lanka.

http://www.anvermanatunga.net/english/female-circumcision-the-hidden-truth-by-asiff-hussein/

sunna circumcision involving minor cutting of the clitoris

http://www.religioustolerance.org/fem_cirm.htm

[14] Der hanafitische Scheich Faraz Rabbani ist Schüler u. a. von Nuh Ha Mim Keller.

Anyways, Shaykh Faraz is someone who has studied under Shaykh Nuh (I’m not sure if you’ve heard of Sunnipath??). This is an answer from Sunnipath.

https://muslihoon.wordpress.com/2006/08/18/a-startling-and-uncomfortable-discovery-in-islamic-shariah/

Shaykh Faraz Rabbani […] is a student of Shaykh Nuh Keller and teaches Hanafi fiqh and other subjects in Amman.

http://islamqa.org/hanafi/qibla-hanafi/42880

[15] The answer to your question may be found in the ahaadeeth of Sahih al-Bukhari and the commentary of al-Hafiz al-‘Asqallani, which are quoted below:

‘A’isha (…) said: „The Prophet (…) married me when I was six years old. Then we came to Madina and stayed in Bani al-Harith ibn Khazraj. I fell ill and my hair started to fall out (due to the illness; then it grew back thick again). My mother Umm Ruman came to me whilst I was on a swing and my friends were with me. She shouted for me and I came to her, not knowing what she wanted. She took me by the hand and led me to the door of the house. I was out of breath and we waited until I had calmed down, then she took some water and wiped my face and head, then took me inside. There were some women of the Ansar in the house, and they said: “ ‘Ala al-khayri wa’l-baraka wa ‘ala khayri ta’ir (blessings, best wishes, etc).“ My mother handed me over to them and they tidied me up, then suddenly the Messenger of Allah (…) was there. It was mid-morning, and they handed me over to him. At that time I was nine years old.“ (Reported by al-Bukhari, 3605).

‘Urwah said: „Khadija died three years before the Prophet (…) migrated to Madina. He stayed alone for two years or thereabouts, then he married ‘A’isha when she was six years old, and consummated the marriage when she was nine years old.“ (Reported by al-Bukhari, 3607)

The phrase „he married ‘A’isha“ means that the marriage contract was drawn up; the marriage was consummated later on, when she was nine.

Muslim reports from al-Zuhri, from ‘Urwah, that ‘A’isha said that she was taken to him when she was nine years old, and she took her toys with her.

https://islamqa.info/en/1493

(Muhammad and Aisha Revisited) An Examination of Muhammad’s Marriage to a Prepubescent Girl And Its Moral Implications | By Sam Shamoun | Answering Islam

http://www.answering-islam.org/Shamoun/prepubescent.htm

Nuray wirkt glücklich.

Die deutschen Besucher forderten die Eltern auf, ein eigens angefertigtes Schriftstück zu unterschreiben: „Wir haben verstanden, daß Nuray in Deutschland willkommen ist, wenn sie 14 Jahre alt ist“, heißt es darin. „Wir wurden darüber belehrt, daß sexuelle Kontakte zwischen dem 22jährigen Levent Metin und unserer zwölfjährigen Tochter nach deutschem Recht streng verboten sind und mit Gefängnis bestraft werden.“ Das gelte auch für sexuelle Kontakte in Griechenland, steht da. Dahinter hat jemand handschriftlich gekritzelt: „und überall auf der Welt“.

Überall auf der Welt, nur nicht in Thrakien, wo etwa ein Drittel der 338 000 Menschen Muslime sind. Der Mufti der Universitätsstadt Komotini, Meco Cemali [Μέτσο Τζεμαλί, Faziletli Gümülcine Müftüsü Hafız Cemali Meço Efendi], hat Nurays Hochzeit amtlich besiegelt. Er ist vom griechischen Staat bestellt, sein Amtsgebäude im Zentrum der Stadt ist zugleich Standesamt und Friedensgericht […]

Wenn jedoch ein Mädchen selbst die Heirat unbedingt wolle, nehme er es persönlich psychologisch und physisch in Augenschein und entscheide, ob es reif genug sei. Wenn ja, spräche das islamische Recht nicht gegen die Ehe. Der Mufti sagt: „Daß Zwölfjährige verheiratet werden, kommt nur alle drei oder vier Jahre vor.“

Das verheiratete Kind | Von Uta Keseling | WELT (Welt/N24) 25.02.2005

https://www.welt.de/print-welt/article495796/Das-verheiratete-Kind.html

[ Düsseldorf: Bereits im Jahre 2006 ] tauchte der erste Fall auf: Es ging um eine Elfjährige, die hier mit ihrem 22-jährigen Ehemann lebte. Das Paar meldete sich sogar mit Heiratsurkunde [ s.: Nikah ] an. Am Mitwoch sollte sich der Grieche Hassan N. (damals 20, heute 22) vor Gericht verantworten, weil er eine 12-Jährige geschwängert hatte. […]

An der griechischen Grenze zur Türkei werden Minderjährige (ein altes Gesetz [das islamische Familienrecht und überhaupt das Islamische Recht, die zeitlose Scharia] erlaubt dies) mit Zustimmung der Eltern verheiratet. Die Zwangsehen sind zwar selten. [vgl.: Genital Autonomy, oder: bei Keseling: „Es war Liebe“, sagt Nurays Mutter, und auch Nuray, die zwölfjährige Braut in Kopftuch und Blümchenrock, sagt: „Ja, es war Liebe“ und versucht, dabei nicht allzu stolz auszusehen.] Da sie aber Griechenland als EU-Mitglied absegnet, sind sie auch in Deutschland gültig.

„Ein Skandal“, nennt das voller Empörung Diana Goldermann-Wolf vom Kinderschutzbund. „Staatlich geförderter Kindesmissbrauch – so etwas darf es in Europa nicht geben und verstößt auch gegen die UN-Kinderrechts-Konvention.“

Düsseldorf – Unglaublicher Fall: Zwölfjährige bekam in Zwangsehe ein Baby | Von Barbara Kirchner | EXPRESS 11.06.2008

http://www.express.de/unglaublicher-fall-zwoelfjaehrige-bekam-in-zwangsehe-ein-baby-22167452

An den Petitionsausschuss des Deutschen Bundestages

20.08.2016

Eherecht Pet 4-18-07-4030-036062

Keine Heirat unter achtzehn – auch nicht auf Kinderwunsch

Text der Petition

Der Deutsche Bundestag möge beschließen:

1 Es sind ausnahmslos keine Ehen mehr anzuerkennen, bei denen ein Partner jünger als 16 Jahre ist, was auch für religiöse Eheschließungen gilt wie die islamische Imam-Nikah.

2 Im Ausland geschlossene Ehen, auch religiöse, können auf Antrag eines Partners oder des Jugendamtes aufgehoben werden.

3 Gesetzliche Absicherung einer Altersgrenze für Ehemündigkeit von 18 Jahren und Abschaffung der bisher gültigen deutschen Ausnahmegenehmigung einer Heirat bereits ab 16 Jahren.

4 Wiedereinführung der standesamtlichen Voraustrauung und Benennung der religiösen Voraustrauung, auch der Imam-Nikah, als Straftatbestand.

5 Verbot der Bewerbung der Imam-Nikah in der universitären Imamausbildung sowie Ausbildung der Lehrerinnen und Lehrer für den bekennenden Islamischen Religionsunterricht (IRU).

6 Verbot der Bewerbung der Imam-Nikah im öffentlichen Schulunterricht, auch im bekennenden Islamischen Religionsunterricht.

7 Resolution des Deutschen Bundestages: Aufforderung an die Hellenische Republik, seit 1981 Mitglied in der Europäischen Union, die seit 1920 (Vertrag von Sèvres) bzw. 1923 (Vertrag von Lausanne) implementierte Scharia aus dem Griechischen Recht zu entfernen, ein Ehe- und Familienrecht ohne religiös oder anderweitig begründete Rechtsspaltung einzuführen und ein Heiratsalter von 18 Jahren durchzusetzen.

Begründung

Islamisches Recht ist Scharia. […]

https://schariagegner.wordpress.com/2016/08/20/petition-gegen-kinderehen/

Schlagwörter: , , , , ,

238 Antworten to “FBI ermittelt: Islamische FGM im Großraum Detroit, Michigan?”

  1. Cees van der Duin Says:

    Shabbir Mohammedbhai Vaziri, who was convicted in Australia’s first female genital mutilation court case in Sydney

    .

    .
    .

    Australia’s first female genital mutilation trial: how a bright young girl convinced a jury

    (Three people have been convicted of FGM in a landmark trial in Australia. It was a complex case in which medical evidence was inconclusive, which meant the outcome turning on phone tapping – and also the testimony of two young girls.)

    […] That the girls were touched on the genitals by an older woman, known in the trial as KM, was not disputed. What KM did to their genitals with what she described as “forceps” and Emma described as a silver tool “a bit like a scissor” was what the verdict hinged on.

    KM said she simply “touched” the genitals of the girls in a “symbolic” part of the ceremony. The prosecution argued the girls had been cut and a medical examination by a doctor could not determine what happened either way, though type one or type four FGM was not ruled out. […]

    Emma told the court she “imagined she was a princess in a garden” as KM cut her clitoris with a steel instrument. She had her eyes closed during the mutilation, though she could describe what she saw KM holding in her hand beforehand. When asked by the judge, she obediently drew it for the court. […]

    Medical evidence presented to the courtroom was inconclusive. Dr Susan Marks, a paediatrician and head of the child protection unit at Westmead Children’s hospital, examined both the girls and said it was possible they could have been cut or even had part of their clitorises removed.

    The injury had healed with no obvious scarring to either. The crown prosecutor later explained to the court this was because KM had perfected a technique that left no scarring. […]

    Australia’s first female genital mutilation trial: how a bright young girl convinced a jury | By Bridie Jabour | The Guardian 13.11.2015

    https://www.theguardian.com/society/2015/nov/13/female-genital-mutilation-trial-young-girl-convinced-jury-australia

    .

    • NSW Judge said on Friday that the co-offenders wouldn’t stop the practice
    • All three are members of Sydney’s Dawoodi Bohra Muslim community
    • A mother and a nurse were found guilty of genital mutilation in November
    • Shabbir Mohammedbhai Vaziri is an accessory after the fact
    • The sentencing hearing for the two women and religious figure continues

    Islamic leader, mother and nurse convicted of genital mutilation of two girls, 7, are ‚remorseful‘ but judge finds ’no evidence‘ they will try to stamp out the practice in their community | By Brianne Tolj For Daily Mail Australia and AAP | DailyMail 05.02.2016

    http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-3432980/Judge-concerned-no-evidence-Muslim-leader-mother-nurse-guilty-genital-mutilation-two-girls-7-try-stamp-practice-community.html

    .

    Three sentenced to 15 months in landmark female genital mutilation trial | By Michael Safi | The Guardian 18.03.2016

    https://www.theguardian.com/society/2016/mar/18/three-sentenced-to-15-months-in-landmark-female-genital-mutilation-trial

    ::

    Alefiya, a 34-year-old social worker in the United States, remembers the khatna being done by her grandmother’s sister in a cold basement in New York. It was awkward and painful, she says.

    Older Dawoodi women call the clitoris ‚haraam ki boti‘ or sinful flesh — the flesh that can lead a woman astray.

    http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-3719294/Battle-tiny-Indian-Muslim-sect-circumcising-girls.html

    ::

    The term Dā’ī al-Mutlaq or ad-Da’i ul-Mutlaq (Arabic: الداعي المطلق or داعي المطلق‎‎) literally means „the absolute or unrestricted missionary“

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Da%27i_al-Mutlaq

    The 53rd Fatimi Dai of Bohra Community
    Seine Heiligkeit
    مفضل سيف الدين
    Mufaddal Saifuddin

    ::
    ::

    Female circumcision anger aired in India
    AFP 23.04.2012

    The community’s insistence on “Khatna” (the excision of the clitoris) also sets it apart from others on the subcontinent.

    https://www.dawn.com/news/712748/female-circumcision-anger-aired-in-india-fm

    ::

    I was scared because my mom always talks about how she hates sex and it’s the worst thing God ever created. It’s probably because she doesn’t fucking enjoy it. Geez, no wonder because who knows how much of her clitoris is gone.

    http://imaginingequality.globalfundforwomen.org/content/female-genital-cutting

    ::
    ::

    INDONESIEN (Sunniten: Schafiiten)
    .

    When a girl is taken — usually by her mother — to a free circumcision event held each spring in Bandung, Indonesia, she is handed over to a small group of women who, swiftly and yet with apparent affection, cut off a small piece of her genitals. Sponsored by the Assalaam Foundation, an Islamic educational and social-services organization […]

    According to Lukman Hakim, the foundation’s chairman of social services, there are three “benefits” to circumcising girls.

    “One, it will stabilize her libido,” he said through an interpreter. “Two, it will make a woman look more beautiful in the eyes of her husband. And three, it will balance her psychology.” […]

    A Cutting Tradition | By Sara Corbett | The New York Times Magazine 20.01.2008

    Inside a Female-Circumcision Ceremony

    Fotos: Stephanie Sinclair

    ::

    .

    Ms. Yanti however states: “They cannot stop us. It’s our religion.”

    https://en.brilio.net/news/unicef-reports-genital-cutting-as-a-common-practice-in-indonesia-unicef-reports-genital-cutting-as-a.html

    ::

    The Indonesian Ulema Council (MUI) is bucking a United Nation’s campaign to ban female circumcision, demanding that the government keep the practice legal.

    MUI deputy secretary-general Amirsyah Tambunan told reporters at a press conference on Monday that the government should continue to allow female circumcision, calling it a constitutional right.

    “Circumcision is a part of the Islamic teachings that were recommended for Muslims, both male and female,” Amrisyah said at UI headquarters as quoted by Antara news agency. “The MUI and Islamic organizations in the country firmly stand against any efforts to ban female circumcision.” […]

    MUI pushes govt to circumcise girls | The Jakarta Post (Jakarta) 22.01.2013

    https://web.archive.org/web/20130125004403/http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2013/01/22/mui-pushes-govt-circumcise-girls.html

    The government in Indonesia has been urged not to bow to pressure from the United Nations (UN) to make female genital mutilation (FGM) illegal. […]

    Amirsyah Tambunan, deputy secretary-general of MUI, commented: „Circumcision is a part of the Islamic teachings that were recommended for Muslims, both male and female.“ […]

    Indonesian government under pressure to keep FGM | FIGO (International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics) 24.01.2013

    http://www.figo.org/news/indonesian-government-under-pressure-keep-fgm-0013368

    ::

    MALAYSIA (wie Indonesien v. a. schafiitisch-sunnitisch geprägt)

    Hukum Pemotongan Genitalia Wanita (Female Genital Mutilation) (2009)

    Keputusan:
    Muzakarah Jawatankuasa Fatwa Majlis Kebangsaan Bagi Hal Ehwal Ugama Islam Malaysia Kali Ke-86 yang bersidang pada 21 – 23 April 2009 telah membincangkan Hukum Pemotongan Genitalia Wanita (Female Genital Mutilation). […]

    Klicke, um auf KOMPILASI_MUZAKARAH_MKI_2016.pdf zuzugreifen

    Ke-86 yang bersidang pada 21 – 23 April 2009

    http://www.muftiwp.gov.my/index.php/ms-my/perkhidmatan/irsyad-fatwa/773-27

    Ke-86 yang bersidang pada 21 – 23 April 2009

    http://pts.com.my/berita/tiada-dalil-wajib-berkhatan-untuk-wanita-dr.-abdullah-nasih-ulwan/

    HUKUM PEMOTONGAN GENITALIA WANITA
    (FEMALE GENITAL MUTILATION)
    Oleh: Taqwa binti Zabidi (JAKIM)

    Hukum Pemotongan Genitalia Wanita (Female Genital Mutilation) Jabatan Kemajuan Islam Malaysia, Rasmi Fatwa, Government of Malaysia (2009)

    http://www.myjurnal.my/filebank/published_article/34088/Article_4.PDF

    —p://legenioz.blogspot.de/2014/12/hukum-sunat-bayi-perempuan.html

    —ps://mamaunanas.blogspot.de/2012/11/una-nak-kene-sunat.html

    ::

    Islamic Law on Female Circumcision

    Answering Islam

    http://answering-islam.org/Sharia/fem_circumcision.html

    ::

  2. Jacques Auvergne Says:

    (Una doctora de Detroit está siendo acusada de la mutilación genital femenina de varias niñas pequeñas, en el que se cree es el primer proceso judicial de este tipo en Estados Unidos.)

    La Organización Mundial de la Salud define a la mutilación genital femenina (MGF) como „todos los procedimientos que, de forma intencional y por motivos no médicos, alteran o lesionan los órganos genitales femeninos“.

    La práctica, particularmente común en 30 países de África, Oriente Medio y Asia por motivos religiosos, fue declarad ilegal en Estados Unidos en 1996. (…)

    Pero Shelby Quast, directora de la ONG Equality en Estados Unidos, le dijo a la agencia AFP que Nagarwala „es sin duda el primer médico“ jamás acusado por la práctica en el país. (…)

    Según Naciones Unidas, aproximadamente 200 millones de niñas y mujeres de todo el mundo han sido víctimas de mutilación genital femenina, la mitad de ellas de Egipto, Etiopía e Indonesia. (…)

    Jumana Nagarwala, la doctora de Detroit que podría pasar el resto de su vida en la cárcel por mutilar genitalmente a niñas en Estados Unidos | Redacción BBC Mundo 14.04.2017

    http://www.bbc.com/mundo/noticias-internacional-39599759

    __

    (…) Jumana Nagarwala, 44 ans, est accusée d’avoir réalisé ces mutilations génitales dans un cabinet médical de Livonia, dans la banlieue de Detroit, sur plusieurs fillettes âgées de six à huit ans, a indiqué le bureau du procureur fédéral pour l’Est du Michigan dans un communiqué. (…)

    Une audience prévue lundi doit déterminer si elle peut être libérée sous conditions, a indiqué à l’AFP Gina Balaya, porte-parole du FBI. Selon Shelby Quast, directrice aux Etats-Unis de l’organisation Equality Now pour la défense des femmes, Mme Nagarwala est „sans doute le premier médecin“ jamais inculpé aux Etats-Unis pour excision. (…)

    Mme Nagarwala est aussi la première personne inculpée au titre d’une loi fédérale contre les mutilations génitales sur mineurs adoptée en 1996. (…)

    États-Unis: pour la première fois dans le pays, une médecin a été inculpée pour avoir excisé plusieurs fillettes | La Côte (Nyon, Kanton Waadt, Schweiz) 14.04.2017

    http://www.lacote.ch/articles/monde/etats-unis-pour-la-premiere-fois-dans-le-pays-une-medecin-a-ete-inculpee-pour-avoir-excise-plusieurs-fillettes-663058

    __

    Une urgentiste hospitalière de Detroit (Michigan, nord) a été arrêtée et inculpée ce 13 avril pour mutilation génitale, transport de mineurs et faux témoignage. (…)

    Selon l’accusation, deux fillettes ont été amenées début février par leur mère depuis le Minnesota (nord) pour subir ces mutilations. Elles ont été priées de taire ce qu’elles avaient subi. D’autres fillettes auraient été mutilées par le Dr Nagarwala, notamment entre 2005 et 2007. (…)

    Mutilations génitales : une médecin arrêtée et inculpée aux États-Unis | Coline Garré | Quotidien du Médecin (QS Le Quotidien Santé) 14.04.2017

    http://www.lequotidiendumedecin.fr/actualites/breve/2017/04/14/mutilations-genitales-une-medecin-arretee-et-inculpee-aux-etats-unis_846609

  3. Detroit Says:

    http://www.usmessageboard.com/attachments/upload_2017-4-14_18-14-2-png.121752/

  4. Edward von Roy Says:

    „Die Handlung muss vollzogen werden. Wenn es ein Junge ist kann es offen gemacht werden, ist es ein Mädchen, dann eben heimlich. Aber die Tat muss vollbracht werden. Versteht ihr, wie ich das meine? Lassen wir die Leute doch reden.“

    ( Aus der Predigt des 53. Dai al-Mutlaq, zu Mumbai am 25.04.2016. )

    .

    .

    “It must be done. If it is a man, it can be done openly and if it is a woman it must be discreet. But the act must be done. Do you understand what I am saying? Let people say what they want.”

    ( Syedna Mufaddal Saifuddin )

    http://blogs.tribune.com.pk/story/34471/bohra-men-must-speak-up-to-save-their-daughters-from-female-circumcision/

    “The act must be done. It needs to be done discreetly when it is a woman, but it needs to be done.”

    ( Syedna Mufaddal Saifuddin )

    https://tribune.com.pk/story/1094163/bohra-muslim-leader-speech-urging-fgm-is-huge-disappointment-for-india-campaign/

    .

    Ende der Diskussion?

    Noch nicht ganz.

    .

    حب الوطن من الايمان
    Ḥubb al-Waṭan min al-Īmān
    Love for one’s homeland is part of faith
    Liebe zum Vaterland ist Teil des Iman (Hadith oder so …)

    Tage später gab die spirituelle Autorität der Dawudi Bohra doch noch eine Erklärung ab. Einerseits müsse jeder Junge und jedes Mädchen beschnitten werden, andererseits gelte das von Mohammed (nicht*) überlieferte Konzept Hubb al-Watan (Ḥubbu l-Waṭan) und habe der Muslim die Gesetze des Landes befolgen [nur die schariakonformen Gesetze?]. Lobend betont der Siebener-Schiit die sunnitisch-schafiitische Beschneidung aller Kinder (Kind ist Junge oder Mädchen).
    .

    Breaking his silence on the issue of female circumcision, a practice common in India’s Bohra community, Syedna Mufaddal Saifuddin, the spiritual head of the Dawoodi Bohras, issued a statement on Monday. “Male and female circumcision (called khatna and khafD respectively) are religious rites that have been practised by Dawoodi Bohras throughout history. Religious books, written over a thousand years ago, specify the requirements for both males and females as acts of religious purity,“ read his statement.

    The declaration refers to khafD as “Islamic female circumcision“ or a “religious obligation“ that “finds an echo in many other Muslim communities, particularly those following the Sunni Shafi’i school of thought“, but clarifies with a centuries-old quote from Prophet Mohammed–“Hubbul watan-e-minal Iman“–that requires followers to “be loyal and law-abiding citizens“. […]

    CLARIFING HIS STAND – Circumcision a religious rite, but abide by law [dann endlich die offizielle Erlaubnis der FGM?] of country: Syedna | By: Mohua Das | The Times of India (Mumbai) 07.06.2016

    http://epaperbeta.timesofindia.com/Article.aspx?eid=31804&articlexml=CLARIFING-HIS-STAND-Circumcision-a-religious-rite-but-07062016008042

    „particularly those following the Sunni Shafi’i school of thought“ […]

    (to respect the law of the land [s. Fitra] and live as worthy and contributory citizens within prevailing [die derzeit maßgeblichen, die herrschenden … die schariatreuen?] laws [darf der Mensch Gesetze erlassen?])

    http://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/report-syedna-mufaddal-for-female-circumcision-2221411

    (“Hubbul Watan-e-Minal Iman”) meaning the „Love of one‟s country is an element of Iman”

    Klicke, um auf chapter%20VIII.pdf zuzugreifen

    patriotism — hubb al-watan, the love of country, the main motive which leads men to try to build up a civilized community

    https://books.google.de/books?id=Wto_ymT5vbQC&printsec=frontcover&hl=de#v=onepage&q&f=false

    .

    Watan, Heimat kann allerdings, meinen manche, die ewige Heimkehr in Dschanna bedeuten oder aber sich auf die Fitra (fiṭra) beziehen, auf Geschaffensein und Gottausgerichtetheit (jeder Mensch als Muslim geboren; einziges heute als sittlich zu benennendes Gemeinwesen war Mohammeds (in Stellvertretung für den Souverän, Gott, wieder zu errichtender) Stadtstaat Medina).

    Others have tried to explain this statement by saying that the homeland (waṭan) being referred to is the paradisal homeland of the Hereafter. Some mystics have even posited that waṭan here means one’s intrinsic nature (fiṭra) and the first covenant made by man with the Almighty.

    https://sites.google.com/site/hadithjournal/hadith-analysis/hubb-al-watan-min-al-iman-hb-alwtn-mn-alayman—love-for-one-s-homeland-is-part-of-faith

    _

    [ * Der beinahe echte Hadith: Liebe zum Vaterland ist Teil des Iman ]

    5. Januar 2013
    Hadith: „Liebe zum Vaterland ist Teil des Iman (Glaubens)“ ?

    Der Hadith

    „Liebe zum Vaterland ist Teil des Iman (Glaubens)“

    as-Sarani deklariert es Maudu (erfunden)
    (al-Mauduat Seite 7)

    al-Albani deklariert es als erfunden
    (Silsila ad-Daifah 1/110 Nr.36)

    ___ps://ahlu-sunnah.net/hadith-liebe-zum-vaterland-ist-teil-des-iman-glaubens/

  5. Abba Jared 4483 m Says:

    In 2006, a court in Georgia found a man guilty of sexually mutilating his two-year-old daughter with a pair of scissors, in what was then the first recorded case of female genital mutilation in the United States.

    The Ethiopian immigrant was sentenced to 10 years in prison for aggravated battery and cruelty to children for the 2001 crime.

    US doctor charged with genital mutilation on girls | AFP | Free Malaysia Today (FMT; Petaling Jaya,
    Selangor, Malaysia) 14.04.2017

    http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/world/2017/04/14/us-doctor-charged-with-genital-mutilation-on-girls/

    ::

    .

    During the trial Adem’s wife Fortunate [and her trustworthiness?] testified: „He said he wanted to preserve her virginity … He said it was the will of God. I became angry in my mind. I thought he was crazy.“

    Categories: 1975 births | Living people | American sex offenders | American people of Ethiopian descent | American Muslims | Criminals from Georgia (U.S. state) | Female genital mutilation

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khalid_Adem

    .

    But not a single story mentions that Adem is a Muslim. Why not? You know why. Same reason the AP story on this went out of its way to note that:

    „The practice, intended to deny women sexual pleasure, crosses ethnic and cultural lines and is not tied to a particular religion.“

    Uh-huh. But, it just so happens that most of those who practice this happen to be Muslim. As is convict Khalid Adem.

    Atlanta Muslim Guilty of Female Genital Mutilation (of His Daughter) | By Debbie Schlussel 02.11.2006

    http://www.debbieschlussel.com/2585/atlanta-muslim-guilty-of-female-genital-mutilation-of-his-daughter/

    .

    the little girl’s mother, Fortunate Adem, also is from Africa [ from South Africa ]

    http://www.myajc.com/news/crime–law/from-2006-man-accused-circumcising-his-year-old-daughter/6wZbodzF25SCjaOUTrYaXP/

    .

    [ FGM in South Africa ]

    Female genital mutilation (FGM) was practiced in some rural areas of the Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal; however, it was not considered to be widespread and was confined to isolated cases.

    https://www.state.gov/j/drl/rls/hrrpt/2003/27752.htm

    His lawyer, Mark Hill, acknowledged that Adem’s daughter had been cut. But he implied that the family of Fortunate Adem, who immigrated from South Africa when she was 6, may have had the procedure done.

    http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/news/nation/2006-10-27-georgia-trial_x.htm

    ::

    A man who in 2006 became the first person in the United States to be convicted of female genital cutting was deported on Monday to his home country, Ethiopia, after serving 10 years in prison, federal authorities said.

    The man, Khalid Adem, 41, used scissors to remove the clitoris of his 2-year-old daughter in his family’s Atlanta-area apartment in 2001, prosecutors in Gwinnett County, Ga., said. He was convicted of aggravated battery and cruelty to children.

    The case led to a state law prohibiting the practice, which was already prohibited by a federal law […]

    Father Imprisoned for Genital Cutting Is Deported to Ethiopia | By Daniel Victor | The New York Times 14.03.2017

    .

    .

    Both tribal African FGM and Sunnah (Islamic) FGM: the mutilation is usually carried out by women, not men. It is not their role, and they are not around when FGM is performed.

  6. Cees van der Duin Says:

    [ Dr. Mohammed A. Arsiwala, MD
    Internist in Livonia, Michigan ]

    Arsiwala makes annual trips to Haiti on medical relief missions with the Islamic Medical Association of North America.

    Mohammed Arsiwala […] Arsiwala 14 years ago founded Livonia-based Michigan Urgent Care Center

    http://www.crainsdetroit.com/article/20130819/NEWS/130819869/dr-mohammed-arsiwala-juggles-health-missions-fast-cars-with-new

    Dr. Mohammed Arsiwala, president and CEO of Michigan Urgent Care and board member of the Michigan State Medical Society, said he knows of Nagarwala and confirmed she is a member of the community. He said he left the community after learning of the practices.

    „This is absolutely not needed — there’s no scientific basis [but there is Islamic basis] at all for it,“ said Arsiwala, who said he has shared his concerns through resolutions presented to the state medical group and Wayne County Medical Society, of which he is a former president.

    „The most important thing … is to make sure if any girl has undergone this and needs physical or psychological support, it should be offered,“ he said, adding that his long-term goal is to work with state lawmakers and make the procedure a criminal offence in Michigan [FGM is illegal, US wide].

    Arsiwala declined to comment on the specifics of this case.

    Protection petitions filed for 2 girls in mutilation case | Associated Press | Daily Courier, Kelowna, BC (British Columbia, Kanada) 14.04.2017

    http://www.kelownadailycourier.ca/news/world_news/article_5dbb6cf1-44e4-564d-8107-951c5c79985d.html

    American Medical Association (AMA)

    Michigan State Medical Society
    Alternate Delegate(s)
    Mohammed A Arsiwala, Livonia MI
    . . . . .
    American Medical Association (AMA)
    19. Resolutions

    005* | No Compromise on AMA’s Anti-Female Genital Mutilation Policy (Amendments to C&B) […]

    005* | No Compromise on AMA’s Anti-Female Genital Mutilation Policy: Modest

    Klicke, um auf i16-frontmatter.pdf zuzugreifen

    ::

    Resolution: 005 (I-16)

    Whereas, Female genital mutilation (FGM) is the forcible mutilation of the clitoris and external genitalia of women and girls for non-medical reasons [ Warum fehlt hier die WHO-Klassifikation? ]

    [ Äußeres Genitale? Islamisch betrachtet, vgl. Penisvorhaut, gehört das zu amputierende Gewebe nicht zum menschlichen Körper (des Erwachsenen, weiblich ab neun, männlich ab 15 Jahren). Das schafiitisch zu amputierende Gewebe ist nicht external genitalia. ]

    Whereas, FGM in any form is a violation of basic human rights and bodily autonomy.

    [ FGM Typ Ia oder FGM Typ IV lesen wir hier leider nicht. Der Beschneidungswunsch eines Menschen unter 18 Jahren wäre Selbstbestimmung (autonomy). ]

    that girl and woman will suffer in her family forever

    [ In diesen Milieus leidet auch – oder vor allem – die oder der Unbeschnittene: ist nicht heiratsfähig, verstößt gegen die Scharia. ]

    Existing AMA Policy H-525.980 explicitly condemns the practice of female genital mutilation (FGM)

    annual International Day of Zero Tolerance to FGM found that 70 million more women and girls have undergone the procedure than previously thought

    [ Das ist genau Indonesien und Malaysia, Kurdistan, der Iran … ]

    There has recently been significant media coverage in 2016 about recent attempts by some academics and physicians in the American medical community to redefine FGM and promote a type of FGM in the form of a genital ‘nick’ or ‘alteration’ as a “compromise” position

    [ Die Versuche der Straffreistellung der Sunnabeschneidung (FGM) – beispielsweise: Kavita Shah Arora und Allan J. Jacobs: Female genital alteration: a compromise solution ]

    reject any type of patriarchal ‘nicking’ procedure

    [ Thema (Islam) verfehlt. Islamic ‘nicking’ procedure ]

    […] that our AMA condemns any and all ritual procedures including, but not limited to, ‘nicking’ or ‘genital alteration’ procedures done to the genitals of women and girls (New HOD Policy)

    That our AMA, on behalf of the medical community, actively advocate against the practice of FGM in all its forms (including the recently proposed ‘nicking’ and ‘alteration’ procedures)

    [ AMA wagt es nicht, das i-Wort. (Mindestens) der schafiitische Islam verlangt die Sunnabeschneidung (auch) der Mädchen. ]

    Any compromise procedure is still FGM and entirely violates existing AMA policy H-525.980 last modified A-12

    Klicke, um auf i16-handbook-addendum.pdf zuzugreifen

    ::

    [ Islamic Medical Association of North America ]
    [ NCBI National Center for Biotechnology Information ]

    Published online 2012 Mar 20. doi: 10.5915/44-1-7903
    PMCID: PMC3516177

    Bodily Integrity and Male Circumcision: An Islamic Perspective

    [ Schafiitisches Recht: Jungen wie Mädchen sind zu beschneiden. ]

    By Ghiath Alahmad, MD, MA (bioethics), BA (Islamic Theology) and Wim Dekkers, MD, PhD

    For Muslims, male circumcision is performed for religious reasons, mainly to follow the sunna (practice) of Prophet Muhammad (…). Moreover, there are attempts to label it as a contributor to cleanliness / personal hygiene. These are done largely to grant the practice scientific legitimacy and a moral foundation. Because drops of urine and smegma gather under that piece of foreskin and may cause impurity to clothes and the body, many Islamic jurists understand the purpose of legislating circumcision as a way to purify the body from urine and smegma. […]

    Five practices are characteristic of the fiṭra (sound innate disposition): circumcision, shaving the pubic hair, cutting the moustaches short, clipping the nails, and depilating the hair of the armpits.7

    Among Sunni Muslim jurists, there are some differences in religious rulings on male circumcision. Jurists of the school of Imam Ahmad and al-Shafi`i consider circumcision compulsory.

    [ Genau – mindestens schafiitisch muss auch das Mädchen beschnitten werden. Ghiath Alahmad und Wim Dekkers können das wissen und müssen das schreiben. ]

    Al-Shafii school considers it recommended during childhood but obligatory only after puberty. Imam Abu Hanifa and Imam Malik consider circumcision [auch die weibliche] to be recommended but not obligatory. This means that if done, its doer is rewarded by God, and if not done, there is no punishment or reward. The scholars agree that circumcision entails the removal of all or the majority of the foreskin that covers the glans only. It has to be done during or at the end of the childhood. […]

    Islam and Bodily Integrity

    Islam expresses a remarkable interest in the honor and preservation of the body. Many Quranic verses and Prophetic traditions set out the restrictions and instructions for its care. Islam views the body as a divine miracle, one that points to the existence of the Creator and the greatness of His creation. Accordingly, in the Glorious Qur’an, […]

    The Rules of Respecting Bodily Integrity in Islam

    Changing the body is religiously forbidden

    [ Die MGM oder FGM nach ibn asch-Schafii ist keine Veränderung (alteration) … konsequent: (nur) Schariagehorsam macht heil. ]

    All actions that would deface or maim the body are forbidden in Islam. The body must remain in its original form unless specific permission is given from the Creator to make a change. Any change in the original creation of the body is considered one of the great sins in Islam. […]

    Bodily integrity: a Comparison between Islamic and Western perspectives

    [ Der Trick von Ali Schariati usw. Wer oder was Nichtislamisch ist, sei Teil des Westens (s. bei Sayyid Qutb: Teil der Dschahiliyya). ]

    […]

    Conclusion

    The relation between circumcision and bodily integrity is one of the new topics raised by some bioethicists. The anti-circumcision movement that started to appear in the West is not expected to succeed among Muslims.

    [ Wir gottesfürchtigen Muslime wollen mit eurem Begriff von Kinderrechten oder Menschenrechten, mit eurem Wissenschaftbegriff nichts zu tun haben. ]

    In this case there is a conflict between those who oppose circumcision and the legislative requirements of Islam.

    [ Korrekt. Und Konflikt gab es auch zwischen Gegnern der Sklaverei und Sklavenbesitzern.

    Islam ist Recht. Und so steht da nicht spiritual, ethical oder medical requirements, sondern rechtsetzend, gesetzgebend: legislative. ]

    Islam shows a lot of interest in honoring and safeguarding the human body, in both the Qur’an and the prophetic tradition.

    [„Koran und Sunna“]

    Interventions in the body can be allowed only according to certain juristic rules. However, because circumcision is considered a legal procedure, it may not violate bodily integrity or even lead to a biological deficiency or a feeling of a lack of wholeness.

    [ Nichtbeschnittensein ist islamisch illegal: haram (ḥarām), und abgetrennte Köpfe, Hände oder Füße sind ggf. legal: halal. ]

    Acknowledgments

    This paper is the result of the work performed as a part of the educational program “Erasmus Mundus Master of Bioethics”. We also would like to acknowledge the support provided by the King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC).

    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3516177/

    ::

    Medical Research Center (KAIMRC)
    King Abdullah International Medical Research Center
    (كيمارك KAIMRC)
    . . . . .
    In 2008, the Al-Azhar Supreme Council of Islamic Research, the highest religious authority in Egypt, ruled that FGM/C has no basis in core Islamic law,

    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4346006/

    „Its prohibited, prohibited, prohibited,“ Egypt’s Grand Mufti Ali Goma said on the privately owned al-Mahwar network Saturday.

    [ Im Islam ganz doll verboten, das Verstümmeln … nicht das islamische Mädchenbeschneiden. ]

    While top clerics here insist that the practice has nothing to do with Islam, […]

    Death of 12-Year-Old Circumcised Girl Shocks Egypt, Prompts Ban on Rite | AP | Fox News 29.06.2007

    http://www.foxnews.com/story/2007/06/29/death-12-year-old-circumcised-girl-shocks-egypt-prompts-ban-on-rite.html

    Fatwa from Egypt, 2006

    In 2006 the German human rights organization Target organized a conference at the Al-Azhar University in Egypt. Leading Muslim religious leaders who were present at the conference, endorsed a fatwa against FGM. This fatwa was issued by the highest Islamic cleric of Egypt, the Grand Mufti Professor Ali Goma’a. According to him, FGM should be seen as punishable aggression and a crime against humanity. A Muslim must always protect the integrity of the human body.

    http://www.pharos.nl/information-in-english/female-genital-mutilation/protocols-and-materials/prevention-materials/fatwas

    Fatwa, am 24. November 2006 in Kairo vom Großmufti von Ägypten Ali Gom’a unterzeichnet.

    „Weibliche Genitalbeschneidung ist eine ererbte Unsitte“

    [ Sind schon schlimm, diese Traditionen. Achja, und das religiöse, das islamische Beschneiden? ]

    „Die heutzutage praktizierte weibliche Genitalbeschneidung fügt der Frau physische und psychische Schäden zu. Daher müssen diese Praktiken“

    [ Und die anderen Praktiken, die islamischen von gestern oder die islamischen morgen? ]

    Klicke, um auf fatwa_meisjesbesnijdenis_arab-du.pdf zuzugreifen

    The conference calls on Muslims to end this deplorable custom in accordance with the teachings of Islam,

    [ FGM Typ III – beklagenswertes Brauchtum. Kann weg, da vorislamisch jedenfalls unislamisch.

    Die anderen Beschneidungsformen (FGM) könnt ihr soweit beenden, wie euch das islamisch angemessen erscheint … ]

    Klicke, um auf fatwa_meisjesbesnijdenis_arab-en.pdf zuzugreifen

  7. Edward von Roy Says:

    ___

    The Egyptian Controversy Over Circumcising Girls
    By: B. Chernitsky

    Inquiry & Analysis Series No.152
    MEMRI (The Middle East Media Research Institute) 07.11.2003

    https://www.memri.org/reports/egyptian-controversy-over-circumcising-girls

    Englisch aus o. g. Quelle MEMRI, meine Übersetzung ins Deutsche:

    Das Mädchen zu beschneiden, bringt ihr Bescheidenheit und Anstand, Ehrgefühl sowie ein emotionales Gleichgewicht.

    (Dr. Ahmad Suleiman von der Universität Kairo)

    ‚Circumcising a Girl Brings Modesty, Honor, and Emotional Balance‘

    (Dr. Ahmad Suleiman of Cairo University)

    According to Dr. Suleiman, the fact that Muslims have been practicing this tradition for thousands of years eliminates any claims that it is detrimental to sexuality. He expressed his amazement over the argument that circumcision causes frigidity in women, saying that throughout the many generations that Muslims have practiced circumcising girls, they have been enjoying natural lives as married couples. Moreover, he says, „circumcising a girl brings modesty, honor, and emotional balance.“

    (Likewise, Dr. Suleiman claimed that not circumcising women results in the spread of prostitution. Al-Haqiqa (Egypt), June 7, 2003.)

    Die Mädchen nicht zu beschneiden öffnet Verdorbenheit und Prostitution Tür und Tor, ein Ergebnis, das wir am Westen sehen, wo jeder normale, zutiefst menschliche Bedarf ignoriert worden ist. Wollen wir so sein wie der Westen? Die [Anti-FGM-]Werbespots, die in diesen Tagen im Fernsehen gezeigt werden, sind zu verabscheuen, da sie dem Islamischen Recht [Scharia] zuwiderlaufen. (…) Ziel [der Anti-FGM-Spots] ist, die muslimische Familie zu zerstören und die ägyptische Gesellschaft zu zersetzen.

    (Der islamische Schriftsteller Dr. Ahmed Abd al-Rahman)

    „Not circumcising girls opens the gate to the spread of depravity and prostitution, as happened in the West as a result of ignoring this normal, human demand. Do we want to be like the West? The commercials [against circumcising girls] broadcast on television these days are repulsive because they contradict Islamic law… Their purpose is to destroy the Muslim family and degrade Egyptian society.“

    (Islamic writer Dr. Ahmed Abd al-Rahman)
    (Al-Haqiqa (Egypt), June 7, 2003.)

    https://www.memri.org/reports/egyptian-controversy-over-circumcising-girls

    ___

  8. LevBehZiz Says:

    „The genitals of both girls and boys needs to be protected from the harm of any genital cutting practice.“

    ( Norm Cohen, NOCIRC of Michigan )
    .
    .
    .

    [ 18 USC 116 (female genital mutilation) ]
    [ United States of America v. JUMANA NAGARWALA ]

    And Don’t Cut My Brother Either!

    Genital cutting doesn’t just happen to girls. It happens to boys too, at the rate of 53,000 babies born in Michigan every year!

    Join us AT NOON on Monday April 17th in front of the U.S. District Courthouse in downtown Detroit as the VERY FIRST prosecution in the United States for female genital mutilation gets underway inside. We will be holding signs at the Lafayette Blvd. entrance.

    Dr. Jumana Nagarwala, who is currently in federal custody on charges of genitally mutilating children, will be driven to the downtown Courthouse to face a detention hearing at 1 pm.

    Show up at the Courthouse to help us teach the public and the media that genital mutilation doesn’t just happen to girls! Signs and blood-stained suits will be provided.

    Dr. Nagarwala and others physicians are legally allowed to cut the genitals of boys without any medical necessity, but the slightest cutting of girls‘ genitalia, regardless of religious belief, is a 5-year felony. (Title 18 United States Code paragraph 116).

    The Genital Integrity of both girls AND boys needs to be protected from the harm of circumcision!

    83% of newborn boys are genitally mutilated in Michigan hospitals every year. Michigan has one of the highest rates of non-religious circumcisions anywhere in the world. Male circumcision is a barbaric practice driven by the SAME reasons as female genital mutilation: cleanliness, tradition, religion, and pseudoscience!

    Please show up at the Courthouse at 12 pm to demand protection for ALL children!

    https://allevents.in/detroit/and-dont-cut-my-brother-either/1150030911773391#

    .

    And Don’t Cut My Brother Either!

    .

    https://www.facebook.com/events/1150030911773391/

    .

    And Don’t Cut My Brother Either!

    Mon, Apr 17, 2017 from 12:00pm – 2:00pm @ United States District Courthouse

    Join us in front of the U.S. District Courthouse in downtown Detroit as the VERY FIRST prosecution in the US for female genital mutilation [ FGM ] gets underway inside. We will be holding signs at the Lafayette Blvd. entrance.

    http://www.nocircofmi.org/Events.aspx

    .

    And Don’t Cut My Brother Either!

    https://www.facebook.com/events/1150030911773391/permalink/1150030921773390/

    Protesters Want Protection for Boys Too

    https://www.facebook.com/notes/nocirc-of-michigan/protesters-want-protection-for-boys-too/1117850551654674/

    NOCIRCofMI

    https://www.facebook.com/NOCIRCofMI/

    .

    Protesters in Detroit say male circumcision should also be outlawed

    By: Tresa Baldas
    Detroit Free Press 17.04.2017

    […] „The genitals of both girls and boys needs to be protected from the harm of any genital cutting practice,“ says Norm Cohen, Executive Director of NOCIRC of Michigan, a nonprofit, consumer-rights advocacy group that researches circumcision effects. “Michigan has one of the highest rates of circumcision in the world. This unnecessary custom violates a child’s right to bodily integrity and normal functions.” […]

    “Doctors and hospitals profit by perpetuating the myth that infant circumcision is health care. It is not,“ Cohen states. „It is a harmful custom that removes a normal, functioning part of a child’s genitals at the request of parents.“

    http://www.freep.com/story/news/local/michigan/detroit/2017/04/17/genital-mutilation-circumcision-protest/100562504/

    .
    .

    CIRCUMCISION: A RABBI’S SON SPEAKS OUT

    (Brother K: „*** INTACTIVISM IN AMERICAN HISTORY *** A pioneer of our movement, Norm Cohen, founder, NOCIRC of Michigan, speaks eloquently about the right of a man to choice. Circumcision is a permanent injury that cannot be undone.“)

    .

    .
    .

    Jews Against Circumcision

    Educated and enlightened Jews who disagree with the barbaric, primitive, torturous, and mutilating practice of non-consensual circumcision.

    .

    https://de-de.facebook.com/Jews-Against-Circumcision-165424110207450/

    .
    .

    Beyond the Bris

    A community of Jewish people who are united in the belief that circumcising healthy children is harmful and unnecessary.

    http://www.beyondthebris.com/

    .
    .

  9. Cees van der Duin Says:

    Chatna, weibliche Genitalverstümmelung, in Australien – auch! – eine FGM Typ Ib … islamisch begründet den Siebenjährigen die Klitoris ganz oder teilweise herausschneiden, das können manche Beschneiderinnen der Dawudi Bohra without leaving a scar, absolut narbenfrei.

    Shabbir Mohammedbhai Vaziri, a spiritual leader in the Dawoodi Bohra community, was jailed for 15 months after being found guilty of helping cover up FGM inflicted on two young girls.

    A retired nurse, a mother of two girls and a Dawoodi Bohra community leader have each been sentenced to a maximum 15 months in prison after Australia’s first criminal prosecution for female genital mutilation.

    The older sister underwent a ceremony known as “khatna” in a community member’s home in the New South Wales south coast town of Wollongong. Her younger sister’s FGM was carried out in the family’s western Sydney home.

    Both girls were aged seven at the time of the FGM, which was classed as either type one or type four, involving the cutting or partial removal of their clitorises without leaving a scar.

    (By: Michael Safi | The Guardian 18.03.2016)

    .
    .

    .

    Flight risk, Fluchtgefahr: Medizinerin und islamische Mädchenbeschneiderin
    Jumana Fakhruddin Nagarwala
    Jumana F. Nagarwala
    Jumana Nagarwala
    [ Gerichtsverhandlung ist am 27. April 2017 ]

    .

    .

    Michigan Medical

    JUMANA FAKHRUDDIN NAGARWALA is a Medicine – Medical Doctor licensed to practice in Michigan. This medical licensee license is current. The license was granted 06/19/2001 and expired on 01/31/2017.

    https://www.michiganmedical.net/jumana-fakhruddin-nagarwala

    ::

    Jumana Fakhruddin Nagarwala – Northville, MI
    Emergency Medicine Physician at Henry Ford Hospital

    https://www.intelius.com/people/Jumana-Nagarwala/Northville-MI/0c4evfq0128

    .

    .
    .

    Ehefrau von Moschee-Direktor Scheich Moiz wollte untertauchen:

    Amerikanische Genitalverstümmlerin Nagarwala im letzten Augenblick erfolgreich an Flucht nach Afrika gehindert

    Die islamische Ritualbeschneiderin und US-amerikanische Ärztin wollte sich ins Ausland absetzen! Dr. Jumana Nagarwala war schon auf dem Flughafen, ihr Reiseziel: Nairobi. Wie im benachbarten Mombasa lebt auch in der Hauptstadt von Kenia eine große Community von Siebenerschiiten der Strömung Dawudi Bohra.

    Noch auf dem Flughafen von Detroit, Michigan, USA, konnte die FGM-Täterin festgenommen werden.

    Andschuman-e-Nadschmi-Moschee, Orchard Lake Road, Farmington Hills

    Aufgeführt als Scheich (Shaikh) und als einer der neun Direktoren (directors) ist Ehemann Moiz Nagarwala in der örtlichen Moscheegemeinde offensichtlich Respektsperson. Weltweit umfasst diese siebenerschiitische Strömung eine Million Muslime.

    In Pakistan und Indien wie auch im australischen Sydney bzw. Wollongong (Scheich Shabbir Mohammedbhai Vaziri) wurden die Dawudi Bohra durch ihre religiös (islamisch) begründete FGM bekannt. Die Bohra begehen weibliche Genitalverstümmelung an den Mädchen, wenn diese ungefähr sieben Jahre alt sind.

    ::

    Lawyer: Doctor was doing religious procedure, not harm | By: Robert Snell | The Detroit News Published 11:55 a.m. ET 17.04.2017 | Updated 2 hours ago

    [ khatna = Islamic FGM ]

    Lawyer: Doctor was doing religious procedure, not harm

    Detroit — A Detroit emergency room physician charged with mutilating the genitalia of two 7-year-olds from Minnesota denied cutting the girls, saying she merely performed a religious procedure that involved removing and then burying skin in the ground. […]

    […] Nagarwala belongs to a small, insular group of Shia Muslims that has been linked to an mutilation scandal in Australia two years ago. […]

    [ 2016 | Shabbir Mohammedbhai Vaziri, a spiritual leader in the Dawoodi Bohra community, was jailed for 15 months after being found guilty of helping cover up FGM inflicted on two young girls.

    A former midwife, a mother of two girls and a Dawoodi Bohra community leader sentenced over mutilation of two young girls in Australia’s first criminal prosecution for FGM. ]

    The hearing came four days after Nagarwala was arrested at Detroit Metropolitan Airport while trying to fly to Nairobi, Kenya.

    […] The doctor merely wiped off a portion of the mucous membrane from the girls’ clitoris, Thompson said. A small amount was placed on a gauze pad and given to the family for burial, the lawyer added.

    “This is part of the culture,” Thompson told the magistrate.

    Nagarwala is a member of the Dawoodi Bohra from India, a community that is based locally out of the Anjuman-e-Najmi mosque on Orchard Lake Road in Farmington Hills. It’s the only Dawoodi Bohras mosque in Michigan. […] …

    .


    .

    [ The Anjuman-e-Najmi mosque on Orchard Lake Road in Farmington Hills ]

    … Nagarwala’s husband, Moiz Nagarwala, is listed as a leader of the Farmington Hills mosque, according to the mosque’s password-protected website, and records list him as having served as joint treasurer. […]

    Community leader Syedna Mufaddal Saifuddin endorsed female genital mutilation in April 2016, according to Sahiyo, a nonprofit group in India that is trying to end the practice.

    But a month later, leaders at the Farmington Hills mosque ordered its members to follow state and federal laws and not engage in female genital mutilation. […]

    http://www.detroitnews.com/story/news/local/detroit-city/2017/04/17/female-genital-mutilation-doctor/100563870/

    http://tuipad.com/lawyer-doctor-was-doing-religious-procedure-not-harm/

    .

    [ Gerichtsverhandlung ist am 27.04.2017 ]
    [ bail = Bürgschaft; Kaution ]
    [ flight risk = Fluchtrisiko ]

    Michigan doctor accused of performing genital mutilation on young girls is denied bail
    By Caroline Modarressy-Tehrani | VICE News 17.04.2017

    […] Federal prosecutors say that Dr. Jumana Nagarwala has been performing the illegal cutting practice on girls between 6 and 8 years old for more than a decade. She was arrested Thursday after the FBI received a tip, trying to board a flight to Nairobi, Kenya, where she planned to visit two of her children who are in a boarding school there, according to the Department of Justice.

    U.S. Magistrate Judge Mona Majzoub labeled Nagarwala a flight risk in denying her bail.

    The DOJ confirmed that Nagarwala is the first person to be charged under 18 U.S.C. 116, a federal law that criminalized female genital mutilation, or FGM, in 2012. […] [ 18 USC 116: Female genital mutilation – U.S. Code ]

    Nagarwala’s trial starts April 27.

    https://news.vice.com/story/michigan-doctor-jumana-nagarwala-accused-of-performing-genital-mutilation-on-young-girls-denied-bail

    .
    .

    [ Islamic FGM in Australia (2016) ]

    Three sentenced to 15 months in landmark female genital mutilation trial

    Shabbir Mohammedbhai Vaziri, a spiritual leader in the Dawoodi Bohra community, was jailed for 15 months after being found guilty of helping cover up FGM inflicted on two young girls.

    A retired nurse, a mother of two girls and a Dawoodi Bohra community leader have each been sentenced to a maximum 15 months in prison after Australia’s first criminal prosecution for female genital mutilation.

    A former midwife, Kubra Magennis, and a woman who cannot be named were found guilty in November of carrying out FGM on two girls, the woman’s daughters, between 2009 and 2012.

    The older sister underwent a ceremony known as “khatna” in a community member’s home in the New South Wales south coast town of Wollongong. Her younger sister’s FGM was carried out in the family’s western Sydney home.

    Both girls were aged seven at the time of the FGM, which was classed as either type one or type four, involving the cutting or partial removal of their clitorises without leaving a scar. […]

    (By: Michael Safi | The Guardian 18.03.2016)

    https://www.theguardian.com/society/2016/mar/18/three-sentenced-to-15-months-in-landmark-female-genital-mutilation-trial

  10. Stop all forms of FGM - FGM Type I (i. e. Ia or Ib), Type II, Type III, and Type IV - ALL forms! Says:

    Chamí / Emberá
    Emberá

    The Emberá are an indigenous group in Colombia and Panama

    when her mother-in-law instructed her to cut her infant’s clitoris

    https://nobelwomensinitiative.org/meet-solani-zapata-part/

    the baby’s clitoris will be cut in the long-held tradition of the Emberá

    https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2015/nov/19/colombia-embera-female-genital-mutilation-mystery-myth-misgiving

    „When a girl was born, a little blade was bought,“ she says before explaining how a girl’s clitoris would be removed in the first weeks after her birth.

    „They said that if you hadn’t been cut you’d go with many men, become a bad wife and look for other husbands,“ she recalls her grandmother telling her.

    http://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-37374006

    uno de los ritos establecidos por la cultura emberá chamí es la ablación del clítoris.

    http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0104-83332011000200006

    Wuarzona responde con un rotundo „claro“ cuando se le pregunta si todavía hay niñas embera a las que se les extirpa el clítoris.

    http://www.elespectador.com/noticias/nacional/colombia-unico-pais-latinoamericano-donde-se-da-ablacio-articulo-542422

    ::

    International Day of Zero Tolerance to Female Genital Mutilation

    Statement by UN Women on the International Day of Zero Tolerance for Female Genital Mutilation, 6 February 2017

    Date: 03.02.2017

    http://www.unwomen.org/en/news/stories/2017/2/statement-by-un-women-on-the-international-day-of-zero-tolerance-for-female-genital-mutilation

  11. Edward von Roy Says:

    There’s no such thing as ‚mild‘ FGM.

    Zero Tolerance to Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) =
    zero tolerance even to the less invasive forms of FGM

    WHO: „Female genital mutilation (FGM) comprises all procedures that involve altering or injuring the female genitalia for non-medical reasons and is recognized internationally as a violation of the human rights of girls and women.“

    Der Strafprozess: United States of America v. JUMANA NAGARWALA darf nicht zur Straffreistellung der angeblich gering invasiven Formen der weiblichen Genitalverstümmelung (FGM) führen.

    Außerhalb der Geschäftszeiten, spät abends beschnitt die fürchterlich gottesfürchtige Muslima die Mädchen in der uns namentlich nicht bekannten Privatklinik in Livonia, in der sie offiziell gar nicht arbeitete.

    Die endlich ertappte FGM-Täterin wollte sich nach Afrika absetzen. Deshalb verbrachte Dr. Jumana Nagarwala (44) das Wochenende im Gefängnis und bleibt auch dort, Kaution abgelehnt, mindestens bis zum Verhandlungsbeginn am 27.04.2017 – Donnerstag, 27. April

    Nagarwala’s trial starts April 27

    https://news.vice.com/story/michigan-doctor-jumana-nagarwala-accused-of-performing-genital-mutilation-on-young-girls-denied-bail

    She is due back in court for a preliminary hearing on April 27 at 1 p.m

    http://www.mlive.com/news/detroit/index.ssf/2017/04/doctor_charged_with_genital_mu.html

    Die religiöse Handlung. The religious procedure. Der sunnitisch-schafiitische Islam und ebenso der Islam der siebener-schiitischen Dawudi Bohra verlangt die Beschneidung (Genitalverstümmelung) aller Kinder. Kind ist Junge oder Mädchen.

    Verstümmeln, Verstümmelung klingt nicht nett. Die Religion macht schließlich alle glücklich. Also redet man von Beschneidung (circumcision) oder schneiden (cutting) – von der Chatna.

    Nein, auch das klingt immer noch nicht nett genug.

    Also lügt man noch etwas mehr und will, in diese Richtung argumentiert Dr. Jumana Nagarwalas Anwältin Shannon M. Smith, uns die Diskussion aufzwingen, dass es doch nur um Reinigen oder Saubermachen gehe, um ein andächtig auszuführendes intergeneratives und kinderfreundliches Ritual. Anwältin Smith hat sich auf Strafverteidigung im Bereich Sexualstraftaten spezialisiert.

    Attorney Shannon Smith
    Sex Crimes Defense Lawyer in Michigan

    http://www.defendingabuse.com/our-firm/shannon-smith/

    Michigan | Criminal Sexual Conduct Attorney | We Develop Effective Defense Strategies For Clients From The Beginning

    http://www.defendingabuse.com/

    Der Islam will die FGM und dem Islam darf sich nichts in den Weg stellen. Von den USA aus kämpfen Kavita Shah Arora und Allan J. Jacobs (Female genital alteration: a compromise solution) dafür, die WHO-Klassifikation zur weiblichen Genitalverstümmelung zu zerspalten in einen weiterhin verbotenen und einen ihrer Meinung nach zeitnah straffrei zu stellenden Teil. Das ist unbedingt zu verhindern; alle vier Typen der weiblichen Genitalverstümmelung, das ist FGM Typ I, II, III, IV, müssen verboten bleiben. Arora und Jacobs wollen die Mädchen genital ein kleines bisschen beschädigen (lassen), aber bittesehr nur durch FGM-Prozeduren von einer Eingriffstiefe und Zerstörungsfolge „de minimis“.

    Uns in Deutschland erinnert das an gewisse „symbolische Bagatellverletzungen“, die der Trierer Strafrechtsprofessor Prof. Dr. Mark A. Zöller offensichtlich straffrei gestellt wissen will (Die Strafbarkeit der Genitalverstümmelung als Gesetzessymbolik? In: Festschrift für Bernd Schünemann zum 70. Geburtstag am 1. November 2014; Mitherhausgeberin ist die Mädchenbeschneidungsfreundin Tatjana Hörnle).

    __

    Detroit doctor denies performing female circumcisions; Judge keeps her locked up

    THE ASSOCIATED PRESS

    First posted: Monday, April 17, 2017

    DETROIT — A Detroit-area doctor charged with performing genital mutilation on two seven-year-old girls denied the allegations through her lawyer Monday, insisting that she conducted a benign religious ritual for families of a Muslim sect. […]

    “They were the last in a long line of children cut by the defendant,” Assistant U.S. Attorney Sara Woodward said of the two girls who were accompanied to the Livonia clinic by their mothers. […]

    Die globale Bewegung für immer mehr Schariagesetze drängelt dazu, den Chitan al-inath, die Mädchenbeschneidung (FGM) (ختان الإناث), in Kliniken oder Arztpraxen zu verfrachten. Schreckliche Komplikationen schließlich würden im Hinterzimmer drohen, daher empfiehlt man die hygienische Medikalisierung – zunächst von FGM Typ Ia oder Typ IV (die islamische Forderung nach Typ Ib kommt später; überhaupt: Sitte, Keuschheit oder Ehre ist Familiensache, bei Bedarf wird das Mädchen nachbeschnitten).

    Ihre Mandantin, die Ärztin und islamische Mädchenbeschneiderin Jumana Nagarwala, sei besorgt gewesen um perfekte Hygiene bei dieser altehrwürdigen religiösen Prozedur, meint Strafverteidigerin, Shannon Smith (The Law Offices of Shannon M. Smith, PC, Bloomfield Hills, Michigan).

    “She was familiar with the religious procedure. … It does not have to be done by a physician,” Smith replied. “I believe my client wanted it to be as sanitary, as clean as possible.”

    […]

    “This is going to be a complex” case, Smith said.

    The judge replied: “I agree with you.”

    Da ist nichts kompliziert – FGM ist FGM!

    JEDE Form von FGM muss verboten bleiben, auch die „milde Sunna“ oder vielmehr Sunnabeschneidung der Mädchen: sunat perempuan (sunat wanita, khitan wanita) in Südostasien, Chatna bei den Dawudi Bohra.

    Hoffentlich versteht es auch U.S. Magistrate Judge Mona Majzoub:

    Jeder Versuch des Aufweichens der WHO-Klassifikation ist zu verhindern.

    http://www.torontosun.com/2017/04/17/detroit-doctor-denies-performing-female-circumcisions-judge-keeps-her-locked-up

    __

    Immerhin, richtig eingeschätzt: Die Gefahr von Flucht besteht.

    U.S. Magistrate Judge Mona Majzoub labeled Nagarwala a flight risk in denying her bail.

    https://news.vice.com/story/michigan-doctor-jumana-nagarwala-accused-of-performing-genital-mutilation-on-young-girls-denied-bail

    __

    Lawyer: Genital procedure on girls was part of ‚religious practice‘
    Tresa Baldas | Detroit Free Press Published 3:30 p.m. ET 17.04.2017 | Updated 16 hours ago

    In a stunning revelation in federal court today, an attorney for a Detroit area doctor charged with mutilating the genitals of young girls admitted that her client performed a procedure on the juveniles‘ private parts, but maintained that it wasn’t cutting.

    Instead, the lawyer said Dr. Jumana Nagarwala, 44, of Northville, removed the membrane from the girls‘ genitals as part of a religious practice that is tied to an international Indian-Muslim group that the doctor belongs to.

    Attorney Shannon Smith said that her client removed the membrane from the girls vaginal parts and gave it the girls‘ parents, who would then bury it following a custom practiced by a small sect of Indian Muslims known as the Dawudi Bohra.

    All of this was disclosed at a detention hearing for Nagarwala, who was ordered locked up pending the outcome of her case. […]

    „She knew that this was illegal but did it anyway,“ Assistant U.S. Attorney Sara Woodward said in court, claiming there’s also a risk of Nagarwala and others pressuring others in their religious community not to talk to authorities about this „incredibly secretive“ procedure.

    [Tahara, rituelle Reinheit (طهارة ṭahāra) ist herzustellen; ein islamisches Ziel für die Frau, viel oder gar möglichst viel ‚Schmerzen beim Sex‘ zu erleiden, gibt es nicht. Zeitgenössische muslimische FGM-Bewerber behaupten längst, dass FGM Typ Ia für die Frau die sexuelle Lust ja gerade erhöhe. Gegebenenfalls ist allerdings mit FGM Typ Ib (Teil)Amputation der Klitoris die Lustwahrnehmung irreversibel ein bisschen oder ganz kaputtgemacht worden (sehr analog zur Jungenbeschneidung), Resultat von Typ Ib aber ist (sofern das Mädchen überlebt) ‚keine Lust spüren‘ oder ggf. ‚gar nichts spüren‘, nicht jedoch pauschal ‚Schmerz beim Sex‘.]

    […] The practice, which seeks to curb the sexuality of girls and women by making sex painful, qualifies as a criminal sexual act, as the intent of the procedure is considered to abuse, humiliate, harass or degrade.

    [Unsinn, die Chatna soll sauber, rein, ehrenwert, keusch, sittsamm, fromm usw. machen, und vor allem soll sie einfach nur der Scharia entsprechen, dem Islamischen Gesetz. Die Chatna (Chitan al-inath (ختان الإناث), sunat perempuan) soll also weder missbrauchen (abuse) noch erniedrigen (humiliate). Dass jede Frau, dass die Muslima im Islam mehr Sünde, weniger Religion hat, weniger Wert ist, rechtlich erniedrigt werden muss (halbes Erbe, halbe Aussage vor Gericht u.v.a.m.), stimmt.

    Doch wo beide Geschlechtsklassen (gender) beschnitten werden, kann noch nicht einmal von Ungleichbehandlung die Rede sein. Auch auf dieses Gespräch also darf sich kein Intaktivist einlassen, denn schafiitisch bzw. bei den Dawudi Bohra erhalten das Mädchen und der Junge die vergleichbare lebenslange genitale Schädigung: 100 % gender equality, zynisch gesagt: in aller Gleichberechtigung.

    JEDE Form der FGM muss verboten bleiben, auch die noch so geringfügige. In Bezug auf die Mädchenbeschneidung wie die Jungenbeschneidung haben wir weltweit durchzusetzen: Keine Beschneidung unter achtzehn Jahren.

    ALLE Kinder müssen genital intakt bleiben (Kind ist Mensch unter 18 Jahre.]

    http://www.freep.com/story/news/local/michigan/detroit/2017/04/17/doctor-admits-genital-procedures-girls-denies-cutting/100574190/

    Der Strafprozess: United States of America v. JUMANA NAGARWALA darf nicht zur Straffreistellung der angeblich gering invasiven Formen der weiblichen Genitalverstümmelung (FGM) führen.

    „Female genital mutilation (FGM) comprises all procedures that involve altering or injuring the female genitalia for non-medical reasons and is recognized internationally as a violation of the human rights of girls and women.“ (WHO)

    There’s no such thing as ‚mild‘ FGM.

    Zero Tolerance to Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) =
    zero tolerance even to the less invasive forms of FGM

  12. Islam & Female Genital Mutilation · images & impressions Says:

    Hukum Khitan Bagi Wanita – Ustadz Firanda Andirja, MA

    Ust Azhar Idrus- Khitan Anak Perempuan

    Sunat Perempuan Nazira Naella Putri

  13. Jacques Auvergne Says:

    Criminal Complaint

    https://www.justice.gov/opa/press-release/file/957381/download

    https://www.justice.gov/usao-edmi/press-release/file/957376/download

    Department of Justice · U.S. Attorney’s Office · Eastern District of Michigan

    https://www.justice.gov/usao-edmi/pr/detroit-emergency-room-doctor-arrested-and-charged-performing-female-genital-mutilation

    //
    //

    Jumana Nagarwala

    [ From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia ]

    Dr. Jumana Nagarwala is an Indian-American physician who, in 2017, became the first person charged under the United States law criminalizing female genital mutilation. Nagarwala, licensed in Michigan, was accused of cutting the genitals of two Minnesota girls who traveled to Michigan with their mothers on what they had been told was a „special girls‘ trip“. They were instead taken to a clinic in Livonia, where Nagarwala operated on them. She faces life in prison if convicted.

    Nagarwala is a Dawoodi Bohra, a member of the only religious community in India to regularly practice FGM.

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juma l a_Na r garwala

    //
    //

    Dr. Jumana Nagarwala […] She’s been an assistant director of the emergency medicine residency program at Detroit’s Henry Ford Hospital.

    She’s published several papers in the medical literature on such topics as determining when it’s necessary to get CT scans of the necks of injured patients and how to manage emergency department patients with a small bowel obstruction.

    And at the 2016 annual meeting of the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine, she presented a brief talk (see page 85 here), entitled “Surviving Midnights: Lessons Learned from Kindergarten.” […]

    Doctor Charged With Female Genital Mutilation Has Published Research, Overseen Residents | By: Rita Rubin | FORBES 14.04.2017

    https://www.forbes.com/sites/ritarubin/2017/04/14/doctor-charged-with-female-genital-mutilation-has-published-research-overseen-residents/#2e30f5ae6224

    //

    Society for Academic Emergency Medicine (SAEM)

    http://www.saem.org/utilitymenu/about

    IGNITE! SAEM

    Surviving Midnights: Lessons Learned from Kindergarten. Jumana Nagarwala, MD

    https://www.saem.org/docs/default-source/annual-meeting/2016-Annual-Meeting/pdf.pdf?sfvrsn=2

    Computed Tomography of Small Bowel Obstruction

    http://www.radiologic.theclinics.com/article/S0033-8389(12)00151-0/abstract

    The Vomiting Patient
    Small Bowel Obstruction, Cyclic Vomiting, and Gastroparesis

    Jumana Nagarwala, MD
    Sharmistha Dev, MD, MPH
    Abraham Markin, MD

    http://www.emed.theclinics.com/article/S0733-8627(15)00119-4/abstract?rss=yes&utm_source=TrendMD&utm_medium=cpc&utm_campaign=Emergency_Medicine_Clinics_TrendMD_0

  14. Edward von Roy Says:

    “FGM is FGM is FGM.”

    My real concern is that Michigan and all the USA will soon legalise some “mild” forms of the Classification of FGM.

    Every form of FGM should be banned everywhere.
    .
    .

    Douglas Diekema (AAP) wollte ein bisschen FGM in den US-amerikanischen Medizinbetrieb integrieren.
    .

    […] Widespread discussion around the topic resurfaced in May of this year when the American Academy of Pediatrics Bioethics Committee reviewed a 1998 policy which banned any female circumcision. The committee recommended that the AAP approve what it called a “ritual nick,” arguing it’s on par with ear piercing and “much less extensive than routine newborn male genital cutting,” or circumcision.

    Douglas Diekema, chairman of the AAP’s Bioethics Committee at the time, has long believed that pediatricians should be able to perform a nick as an alternative to a more dangerous procedure performed in a nonmedical setting. […]

    While the World Health Organization defines four types, two forms of the practice are the most well-known.

    The mild form, which some refer to as a “clitoral nick,” or [ sunna ] “sunnah,” can consist of cutting, poking or removing part or all of either the clitoris or the clitoral hood. […]

    While some draw a definite distinction between female circumcision and Islam – defining the practice as a cultural one – several people said that the hadith, the traditional sayings and customs of the Prophet Muhammad, offers the nick as an option.

    Although female circumcision has been practiced among other religions, it’s most commonly associated with Islam.

    Many point to a line in the hadith in which the Prophet Muhammad says to a circumciser on the way to perform the procedure “do not overdo it, because it [the clitoris] is a good fortune for the spouse and a delight to her.” In this statement, some claim that the prophet is advocating the mild form of circumcision. Still others believe the prophet is condemning the tradition altogether. […]

    Female circumcision: A cut that divides communities | By: Tara Bannow (The Minnesota Daily) | 25.09.2010

    https://www.tcdailyplanet.net/female-circumcision-cut-divides-communities/

    ::

    [ AAP = American Academy of Pediatrics ]

    […] “What you really have is a disagreement about tactics,” said Dr. Douglas Diekema, a bioethics professor at the University of Washington in Seattle and a physician at Seattle Children’s Hospital, who chaired the AAP’s bioethics committee. “It’s very naïve to think that if you suddenly say [female circumcision] is wrong, people will stop doing it.” […]

    The committee [ AAP’s bioethics committee ] settled on calling the procedure “female genital cutting,” or FGC, and in the process of revising, rewording and rethinking its policy, it considered an approach for minimizing harm first proposed by doctors at Harborview Medical Center in Seattle. In the mid-1990s, some of them were attending pregnant women from Seattle’s Somali community. “If your baby is a boy, do you want him circumcised?” they would ask. Some of Somali mothers-to-be would reply, “Yes, and also if it’s a girl.”

    The Harborview doctors proposed that the hospital offer these mothers a “clitoral nick” for their daugthers — a needle prick, really — in the small hood of tissue that covers the clitoris. “We’re talking about something far less extensive than the removal of foreskin in a male,” a common procedure in the United States, said Dr. Diekema. Such a compromise, the doctors argued, would discourage parents from sending their girls back to their native countries for unregulated and unsanitary procedures.

    “They weren’t trying to propagate FGC,” said Dr. Diekema, who had heard the stories of female circumcision requests from his colleagues at Harborview. “If this nick could prevent harm for a few girls, they wanted to have it in their back pocket as an option.” But when news of the proposal broke, anti-circumcision groups and stunned citizens swiftly put an end to the discussion.

    When the AAP resurfaced the idea last month, the public reacted with similar outrage.

    “It came as a shock to the many, many people who have been working for decades to end FGM here and around the world,” said Taina Bien-Aime, the director of Equality Now, an anti-FGC group based in New York City. “There is no discussion for a human rights violation. You can’t violate just a little less; you can’t discriminate just a little less,” she said. “FGM is FGM is FGM.”

    Bien-Aime, like many anti-FGC advocates, argues that allowing even a mild form of circumcision supports the practice and makes it more difficult to eradicate. She pointed to WHO studies showing that parents unsatisfied with a circumcision will re-circumcise their daughters “over and over again until it’s ‘done properly.’” She added: “Would parents ask for a drop of blood or a teaspoon of blood?” […]

    Under Debate: Female Circumcision | By Ariel Bleicher | Scienceline 09.07.2010

    http://scienceline.org/2010/07/under-debate-female-circumcision/

    „Scienceline is a student-run online magazine published by the Science, Health and Environmental Reporting Program (SHERP) in the Arthur L. Carter Journalism Institute at New York University.“

    http://scienceline.org/about

    ::
    ::

    FGM IM ISLAM

    Der Koran erwähnt weder die Beschneidung von Frauen noch diejenige von Männern. Die Sure 95, 4 lautet: „Wahrlich, Wir haben den Menschen in bester Form erschaffen.“ Einige Minderheiten im Islam rechtfertigen die Genitalbeschneidung unter Berufung auf einige wenige Hadithe. Hierbei handelt es sich allerdings oft um eine bestimmte Eingriffsform, die sogenannte „leichte Beschneidung“ (arabisch الخفاض القليل, DMG al-ḫifāḍ al-qalīl). Bei dieser Beschneidungsart findet nur ein leichtes Entfernen des äußerlich sichtbaren Teils der Klitorisvorhaut statt. Wenige andere Gelehrte rechtfertigten als chafd / خفض / ḫafḍ oder chifad / خفاض / ḫifāḍ allerdings auch die Teilamputation der Klitoris oder sogar die Klitoridektomie. Noch schädlichere Formen wie die Infibulation werden vom Islam in keiner Weise legitimiert, auch sind keine islamischen Rechtsquellen vorhanden, die eine Beschneidung der kleinen oder großen Schamlippen erwähnen.

    Alle vier sunnitischen Rechtsschulen (Madhhab) befürworten die Beschneidung von Frauen. Die Schafiiten erklären sie explizit zur religiösen Pflicht. In den Ländern des Nahen Ostens und Ostafrikas, in denen die schafiitische Rechtsschule dominiert, ist die Beschneidung deshalb auch allgemein verbreitet. Auch einer überlieferten hanbalitischen Position zufolge ist die Beschneidung bei Frauen religiöse Pflicht. Für die Malikiten ist die Beschneidung Prophetentradition (sunna) und damit empfehlenswert, für die Hanafiten wie auch für manche Hanbaliten ist sie ehrenhaft (makruma).

    Der am häufigsten zitierte Hadith im Zusammenhang mit der Beschneidung von Frauen gibt eine Diskussion zwischen Mohammed und Umm Habiba [ Umm Ḥabība ] (oder Umm Atiyya, Umm ʿAṭiyya) wieder (das Hadith der Beschneiderin). Diese Frau war als Beschneiderin von Sklavinnen bekannt und gehörte zu den Frauen, die mit Mohammed immigriert waren. Nachdem er sie entdeckt hatte, soll er sie gefragt haben, ob sie immer noch ihren Beruf ausübe. Sie soll dies bejaht und hinzugefügt haben: „Unter der Bedingung, dass es nicht verboten ist und du mir nicht befiehlst, damit aufzuhören“. Mohammed soll ihr darauf erwidert haben:

    „Aber ja, es ist erlaubt. Komm näher, damit ich dich unterweisen kann: Wenn du schneidest, übertreibe nicht (lā tunhikī), denn es macht das Gesicht strahlender (ašraq) und es ist angenehmer (ahzā) für den Ehemann“.

    [ strahlender (ašraq) – sch-r-q – zu: Sonnenaufgang, Osten ]
    مُشْرِق [ mušriq ] {adj.}
    sunny sun-drenched bright radiant shining rosy beaming brilliant

    http://en.bab.la/dictionary/arabic-english/%D9%85%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%82

    Nach anderen Überlieferungen soll Mohammed gesagt haben:

    „Schneide leicht und übertreibe nicht (ašimmī wa-lā tanhikī), denn das ist angenehmer (ahzā) für die Frau und besser (aḥabb) für den Mann“. (Andere Übersetzung: „Nimm ein wenig weg, aber zerstöre es nicht. Das ist besser für die Frau und wird vom Mann bevorzugt.“ – „Die Beschneidung ist eine Sunna für die Männer und Makruma für die Frauen.“)

    Dieser Hadith gilt aber als ḍaʿīf, also als schwach.

    https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weibliche_Genitalverst%C3%BCmmelung

    ::

    Schafiiten: Sowohl die männliche als auch die weibliche Beschneidung ist absolute religiöse (religionsgesetzliche) Pflicht.

    only recommended for girls, adding that he should scrape but not go too far (ashimmī wa-lā tanhikī). according to the shafiʿi school, circumcision is compulsory (wājib) [ واجب wāǧib ] for both men and women.

    https://books.google.de/books?id=P1UNNapLrx8C&printsec=frontcover&hl=de#v=onepage&q&f=false

    واجب
    wāǧib
    wadschib

    https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Far%E1%B8%8D

  15. 1+1=2 Says:

    Sachverhalt mit Islambezug? Merke, Dhimmi: Nichts hat mit nichts zu tun!

    Gestern noch wahrnehmbar vorhanden, heute schon im Ghaib (غيب ġayb), im unsichtbaren Seinsbereich: Jumana Nagarwala

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jumana_Nagarwala

    Creating Talk:Jumana Nagarwala

    Wikipedia does not have a talk page with this exact title. Note that the corresponding article Jumana Nagarwala also does not exist.

    To start a page called Talk:Jumana Nagarwala, type in the box below. When you are done, preview the page to check for errors and then save it.

    A page with this title has previously been moved or deleted.

    If you are creating a new page with different content, please continue. If you are recreating a page similar to the previously deleted page, or are unsure, please first contact the user(s) who performed the action(s) listed below.

    17:43, 14 April 2017 Bbb23 (talk | contribs) deleted page Talk:Jumana Nagarwala (G8: Talk page of a deleted page)

    https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Talk:Jumana_Nagarwala&action=edit&redlink=1

    Kann das sein, gibt es seit fünf Tagen Löschversuche?

    _____

    Na sowas, jetzt ist der Artikel wieder da.
    Innerhalb von fünf Minuten.
    Gut so.

    Jumana Nagarwala

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jumana_Nagarwala

    _____

    Eine weitere Form von Taqiyya bzw. das taqiyyisch erwünschte Ergebnis der Sprachlosigkeit (islamisches Unsichtbarmachen, islamisch erwünschte Unbesprechbarkeit).

    Ghaib und Ghaib ist Zweierlei

    Den Ghaib gibt es absolut, mutallaq (muṭallaq), und relativ, nisbi (nisbī).

    There are two types of Ghaib:

    [ Erstens: Ghaib al-mutallaq, ġaybi l-muṭallaq ]

    1. Al-ghaib mutallaqa (الغيب المطلق) – Absolute Ghaib refers to all knowledge that is unseen or concealed and is only known to Allah. As stated in the Quran: “And with Him are the keys of the Ghayb (all that is hidden), none knows them but He…” (6:59)

    [ Zweitens: Ghaib al-nisbi, ġaybi n-nisbī ]

    2. Al-ghaib nisbi (الغيب النسبي) – Relative Ghaib is proportionate to an individual and his/her situation; hence it is apparent to some while hidden from others [ see: Islamic FGM ]. An example to illustrate this notion is that of a class in which the students can see the lecturer, hear the content of the lecture, and the conversations that take place in the classroom, while those outside are unaware of the occurrences in the classroom. [ vgl.: Alles, was der Nichtmuslim nicht wissen soll. ] [ see: Taqiyya ]

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Ghaib

  16. just another nerd Says:

    Wikipedia

    Jumana Nagarwala

    Dr. Jumana Nagarwala is an Indian-American physician who, in 2017, became the first person charged under the United States law criminalizing female genital mutilation. [1] Nagarwala, licensed in Michigan, was accused of cutting the genitals of two Minnesota girls who traveled to Michigan with their mothers on what they had been told was a „special girls‘ trip“. [2] They were instead taken to a clinic in Livonia, where Nagarwala operated on them. She faces life in prison if convicted.

    Nagarwala is a Dawoodi Bohra, a member of the only religious community in India to regularly practice FGM. [3]

    In 2016, an Australian spiritual leader of that Shia sect has been sent to jail. He assisted the mother and another woman by encouraging them, potential witnesses and other members of the Dawoodi Bohra community to lie to police, or to not disclose relevant information. [4]

    References

    1.
    https://www.justice.gov/usao-edmi/press-release/file/957376/download

    2.
    http://www.detroitnews.com/story/news/local/detroit-city/2017/04/13/doctor-charged-genital-mutilation/100416734/

    3.
    https://www.forbes.com/sites/ritarubin/2017/04/14/doctor-charged-with-female-genital-mutilation-has-published-research-overseen-residents/#cc43ce162241

    4.
    http://www.smh.com.au/nsw/first-person-to-be-imprisoned-over-female-genital-mutilation-in-australia-20160609-gpfm5i.html

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juma l a_Na r garwala

    Wikipedians or editors are the volunteers who write and edit Wikipedia’s articles

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikipedians

  17. 1+1=2 Says:

    [ Correct name: Nagarwala, wrong spelling: Na r garwala ]

    Dr. Jumana Nagarwala is an Indian-American physician who, in 2017, became the first person charged under the United States law criminalizing female genital mutilation. [1] Nagarwala, licensed in Michigan, was accused of cutting the genitals of two Minnesota girls who traveled to Michigan with their mothers on what they had been told was a „special girls‘ trip“. [2] They were instead taken to a clinic in Livonia, where Nagarwala operated on them. She faces life in prison if convicted.

    Nagarwala is a Dawoodi Bohra, a member of the only religious community in India to regularly practice FGM. [3]

    In 2016, an Australian spiritual leader of that Shia sect has been sent to jail. He assisted the mother and another woman by encouraging them, potential witnesses and other members of the Dawoodi Bohra community to lie to police, or to not disclose relevant information. [4]

    References

    [1] https://www.justice.gov/usao-edmi/press-release/file/957376/download

    [2] http://www.detroitnews.com/story/news/local/detroit-city/2017/04/13/doctor-charged-genital-mutilation/100416734/

    [3] https://www.forbes.com/sites/ritarubin/2017/04/14/doctor-charged-with-female-genital-mutilation-has-published-research-overseen-residents/#cc43ce162241

    [4] http://www.smh.com.au/nsw/first-person-to-be-imprisoned-over-female-genital-mutilation-in-australia-20160609-gpfm5i.html

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Juma l a_Nagarwala

    [ Correct name: Nagarwala, wrong spelling: Na R garwala ]

    URL falsch Na r garwala – auch im Text ein “ R “ zuviel.

    https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Talk:Juma l a_Na r garwala&action=history

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juma l a_Na r garwala

    Names should be written correctly: Nagarwala (not: Nagarwala)

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Juma l a_N a rgarwala

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Juma l a_Nagarwala

  18. Jacques Auvergne Says:

    ( “ religious removal “ )
    ( “ religious practice “ )

    Detroit Free Press 17.04.2017 | 3:30 p.m. | updated 9:33 p.m.
    By: Tresa Baldas

    Detroit Free Press Published 3:30 p.m. ET April 17, 2017 | Updated 9:33 p.m. ET April 17, 2017

    Lawyer: Genital procedure on girls was part of ‚religious practice

    (…) In the criminal complaint, the FBI classified the doctor as a member of a specific religious community. They did not name or mention Islam. (…)

    http://www.freep.com/story/news/local/michigan/detroit/2017/04/17/doctor-admits-genital-procedures-girls-denies-cutting/100574190/

    ::

    ( “ religious practice “ )
    ( “ religious removal “ )

    FOX 2 Detroit 17.-18.04.2017
    By: Hannah Saunders

    Livonia doctor’s defense denies female genital mutilation; calls it religious removal

    (…) The defense argued, claiming no female genital mutilation took place, instead, a religious removal of a mucus membrane from the genitals (…)

    http://www.fox2detroit.com/news/local-news/249102342-story

    ::
    ::

    Droit International (Le blog d’information sur le droit international) 15.04.2017

    Une médecin inculpée pour mutilations génitales

    (…) Jumana Nagarwala, 44 ans, est accusée d’avoir réalisé ces mutilations génitales dans un cabinet médical de Livonia, dans la banlieue de Detroit, sur plusieurs fillettes âgées de six à huit ans (…) L’inculpation d’une urgentiste, dans le nord américain, pour avoir excisé plusieurs fillettes, est une première aux USA. (…)

    http://droitinternational.ek.la/une-medecin-inculpee-pour-mutilations-genitales-a129841840

  19. from Detroit Says:

    Female genital mutilation in the United States
    Prosecutions

    A doctor working at the Henry Ford Hospital in Detroit was charged in April 2017 after allegedly performing FGM in a medical clinic in Livonia, Michigan, on two girls who traveled there from Minnesota with their parents.[17] She denied the charge.[18], this was also the first Federal prosecution for Female genital mutilation in history.

    [17]
    Criminal Complaint, The U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Michigan, 12 April 2017.

    https://www.justice.gov/opa/press-release/file/957381/download

    [18]
    Michigan Doctor Is Accused of Genital Cutting of 2 Girls, By Jacey Fortin. The New York Times, 13 April 2017.

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Female_genital_mutilation_in_the_United_States

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Female_genital_mutilation_in_the_United_States#Prosecutions_and_asylum

  20. Jacques Auvergne Says:

    „Circumcision is obligatory upon men and women according to us.“

    (Die Beschneidung bei Männern und Frauen ist unserer Auffassung nach verbindlich vorgeschrieben.)

    shafiifiqh
    .
    .

    Islam Question and Answer
    General Supervisor: Shaykh Muhammad Saalih al-Munajjid

    – Principles of Fiqh » Jurisprudence and Islamic Rulings » Acts of Worship » Purity » Natural character and instinct of the human creation.

    60314: Circumcision of girls and some doctors’ criticism thereof

    […] Circumcision is one of the Sunnahs of the fitrah, and it is for both males and females, except that is it obligatory for males and Sunnah and good in the case of women. End quote […]

    It is sufficient for us Muslims that something be proven to be from the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him), then we will follow it, and we are certain that it is beneficial and not harmful. If it were harmful, Allaah and His Messenger (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) would not have prescribed it for us. […]

    Shaykh Jaad al-Haqq ‘Ali Jaad al-Haqq, the former Shaykh of al-Azhar, said:

    Hence the fuqaha’ of all madhhabs are agreed that circumcision for both men and woman is part of the fitrah of Islam and one of the symbols of the faith, and it is something praiseworthy. There is no report from any of the Muslim fuqaha’, according to what we have studied in their books that are available to us, to say that circumcision is forbidden for men or women, or that it is not permissible, or that it is harmful for females, if it is done in the manner that the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) taught to Umm Habeebah in the report quoted above.

    Then he said:

    From the above it is clear that the circumcision of girls – which is the topic under discussion here – is part of the fitrah of Islam, and the way it is to be done is the method that the Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) explained. It is not right to abandon his teachings for the view of anyone else, even if that is a doctor, because medicine is knowledge and knowledge is always developing and changing. End quote.

    In the fatwa of Shaykh ‘Atiyah Saqar – the former heard of the Fatwa Committee in al-Azhar – it says:

    The calls which urge the banning of female circumcision are call that go against Islam, because there is no clear text in the Qur’aan or Sunnah and there is no opinion of the fuqaha’ that says that female circumcision is haraam. Female circumcision is either obligatory or recommended. […]

    https://islamqa.info/en/60314

    __
    __

    [ Islam-QA Fatwa 60314: Circumcision of girls and some doctors’ criticism thereof ]

    Fatwa 60314

    Nowadays we hear that many doctors denounce the circumcision of girls, and say that it harms them physically and psychologically, and that circumcision is an inherited custom that has no basis is Islam.

    Praise be to Allah.

    Firstly:

    Circumcision is not an inherited custom as some people claim, rather it is prescribed in Islam and the scholars are unanimously agreed that it is prescribed. Not a single Muslim scholar – as far as we know – has said that circumcision is not prescribed. (…)

    Secondly:

    With regard to the criticism of circumcision by some doctors, and their claim that it is harmful both physically and psychologically,

    This criticism of theirs is not valid. It is sufficient for us Muslims that something be proven to be from the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him), then we will follow it, and we are certain that it is beneficial and not harmful. If it were harmful, Allah and His Messenger (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) would not have prescribed it for us. (…)

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    [ Shafi‘i Institute, http://www.shafiifiqh.com/what-is-the-ruling-on-circumcision-for-women ]

    [ hier bei: Evangelische Zentralstelle für Weltanschauungsfragen (EZW) ]

    Materialdienst 9/2012
    Thomas von der Osten-Sacken, Oliver M. Piecha
    Zur Beschneidungsdebatte nach dem Kölner Gerichtsurteil

    […]

    Islam und FGM

    Auf den ersten Blick scheint es doch so klar: In einer gemeinsam verabschiedeten Resolution erklären CDU, SPD, FDP und GRÜNE, sie halten „die Beschneidung männlicher Kinder, die weltweit sozial akzeptiert wird, für nicht vergleichbar mit nachhaltig schädlichen und sittenwidrigen Eingriffen in die körperliche Integrität von Kindern und Jugendlichen wie etwa die weibliche Genitalverstümmlung, die wir verurteilen“.3 Nun wird die Entfernung von Klitorisvorhaut oder Klitoris (zwei Formen sogenannter „leichter“ Verstümmelung, die ebenfalls von der WHO als FGM identifiziert worden sind) in vielen islamisch geprägten Ländern keineswegs als ein „sittenwidriger Eingriff“ angesehen, sondern als religiös und traditionell ebenso bedeutendes Ritual wie die männliche Beschneidung.4 Wie bereits erwähnt, unterscheiden die Schafiiten, eine der vier sunnitischen Rechtsschulen, dabei in ihren Rechtsgutachten nicht zwischen den Geschlechtern. So stellt ein schafiitisches Rechtsinstitut unmissverständlich fest: „Circumcision is obligatory upon men and women according to us.“ (Die Beschneidung bei Männern und Frauen ist unserer Auffassung nach verbindlich vorgeschrieben.)5 Entsprechend hoch ist in allen islamischen Ländern und Regionen, in denen diese Rechtsschule dominiert,6 das Vorkommen von FGM, ob etwa in Ägypten, Indonesien, am Horn von Afrika oder in den kurdischen Gebieten des Irak und Iran. Bewusst möchten schafiitische Rechtsgelehrte die von ihnen propagierte Praxis von anderen Formen weiblicher Genitalbeschneidung unterschieden wissen: „We would like to point out that this ‚circumcision’ is not what is commonly known as female genital mutilation.“ (Wir möchten darauf hinweisen, dass diese „Zirkumzision“ nicht das ist, was gemeinhin als weibliche Genitalverstümmelung bekannt ist.)7 Sie berufen sich dabei, wie andere Rechtsschulen auch, in denen Genitalbeschneidung an Frauen allerdings nicht als obligatorisch gefordert wird, auf verschiedene Hadithe, also Aussprüche des Propheten Mohammed, die überliefert wurden, aber nicht im Koran stehen. Den entsprechenden Hadithen wird dabei je nach Rechtsschule eine höhere oder niedrigere Relevanz zugemessen. Vor allem zwei Hadithe spielen bezüglich der Beschneidung eine zentrale Rolle, die immer wieder, auch in entsprechenden Rechtsgutachten (Fatwas), zitiert werden: 1. Eine Frau praktizierte die Beschneidung in Medina. Der Prophet sagte zu ihr: Schneide nicht stark, da das besser für eine Frau und wünschenswerter für einen Ehemann ist. 2. Die Beschneidung ist verbindlich (Sunna) für Männer und Ehrensache für Frauen.8

    3 Zitiert nach Domradio vom 20.7.2012, http://www.domradio.de/aktuell/83045/im-wortlaut.html.
    4 Sami A. Aldeeb Abu-Sahlieh, Islamic Law and the Issue of Male and Female Circumcision, Third World Legal Studies: Vol. 13, 1995.
    5 Shafi‘i Institute, http://www.shafiifiqh.com/what-is-the-ruling-on-circumcision-for-women.
    6 Eine Übersichtskarte der Rechtsschulen und ihrer Verbreitung findet sich im englischsprachigen Wikepdia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shafi‘i.
    7 Shafi‘i Institute: What is the Ruling on Circumcision for Women?, a.a.O.
    8 Vgl. Answering Islam: Circumcision, http://answering-islam.org/Index/C/circumcision.html.

    http://www.ezw-berlin.de/html/15_2592.php

    Die Evangelische Zentralstelle für Weltanschauungsfragen (EZW) ist die zentrale wissenschaftliche Studien-, Dokumentations-, Auskunfts- und Beratungsstelle der Evangelischen Kirche in Deutschland (EKD) für die religiösen und weltanschaulichen Strömungen der Gegenwart.

    http://www.ezw-berlin.de/html/104.php

    __

    What is the Ruling on Circumcision for Women?

    Shafi’i Fiqh > Shafiifiqh.com

    Question:

    Assalamu Alaikum
    What is the mu`tamad qowl (relied upon position) of the Shafi`ee Mazhab regarding the khatnah (circumcision) of women? Is it wajib (obligatory) or sunnat?

    Also, what if a woman was ignorant if it being wajib will it be incumbent on her during her advanced age to perform khatnah?

    Jazakumullah

    Answer:
    الحمد لله رب العالمين ، وصلى الله على سيدنا محمد وعلى آله وصحبه أجمعين، وبالله التوفيق

    الختان واجب على الرجال والنساء عندنا (المجموع: 1: 164)
    ويمنع من ختان الكبيرة لخوف التلف (الروضة: 3: 384)

    Circumcision is obligatory upon men and women according to us (i.e. the Shafi’is). (Majmu’ of Imam An-Nawawi 1:164) The circumcision is wajib upon men and women according to the rājih qawl of Shāfiʿī madhhab. In a situation a woman is in her advanced age, it is not permissible to circumcise her if it may harm her (al-Rauḍah of Imam An-Nawawi: 3: 384).
    والله أعلم
    Allah knows best

    Answered by:
    Sidi Abdullah Muḥammad al-Marbūqī al-Shāfiʿī

    Checked by:
    Al-Ustāż Fauzi ibn Abd Rahman

    [ Shafii Fiqh – siehe aber: „Rulings from your site regarding female circumcision appear to have been taken down.“ ]

    http://www.shafiifiqh.com/what-is-the-ruling-on-circumcision-for-women/

    http://islamqa.org/shafii/shafiifiqh/30239

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    [ Eine gute Frage (Fragen sind immer gut) an Shafii Fiqh ]

    [ Question ]

    Rulings from your site regarding female circumcision appear to have been taken down. Is there is a change in opinion concerning female circumcision from a Shafii point of view? What do you say about issuing a fatwa on this issue which prohibits the practice?

    [ Answer ]

    In Maratib al-Ijma‘ p. 157, Ibn Hazm cited that there is an established consensus (ar: ijma‘) that circumcision for women is permissible. This ijma‘ is related by other scholars too. In the Sacred Law, ijma‘ is a binding proof, and it is not permissible for any scholar to go against it.

    In Nihayah 8/35, after mentioning the official position of the Shafi’i School, that circumcision is obligatory for both men and women, Ramli defines what it means for a woman. He says that it is the removal of some skin from the clitoral prepuce. This is also mentioned by Ibn Hajar in Tuhfah 9/198.

    [ Nun wird man erfinderisch und behauptet, durchaus in Fortsetzung der von Scheich Nuh Ha Mim Keller ( „not the clitoris itself, as some mistakenly assert“ ) vorgegebenen Richtung, mit baẓr ( بظر ) sei, jedenfalls in Bezug auf den islamischen Befehl zur Beschneidung, nicht die Klitoris gemeint, – arabisch baẓr -, sondern die Klitorisvorhaut ( qulfa al-baẓr ), also eine FGM Typ Ia will man (angeblich) durchsetzen, wir ergänzen: zunächst durchsetzen. ]

    In these passages, the word „bazr“ is mentioned. Sahib al-Misbah al-Munir mentions that the „bazr“ in circumcision is the prepuce. Thus, what is intended is a part of the prepuce surrounding the clitoris and not the clitoris itself.

    [ Abenteuerlich argumentiert. Die bekannten Hadithe geben das Wort Klitorisvorhaut einfach nicht her. Und jeder kann wissen, was gemeint ist mit baẓr ( بظر ). ]

    https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B8%D8%B1

    https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klitoris

    In Sunan Abi Dawud and Tabarani’s al-Mu’jam al-Kabir, it is related that the Prophet Muhammad (upon him be peace) said,

    أَشِمِّي لَا تُنْهِكِي فَإِنَّ ذَلِكَ أَحْظَى لِلْمَرْأَةِ وَأَحَبُّ لِلْبَعْلِ

    „Leave it bulging, do not exaggerate in cutting. Indeed, that is more enjoyable for the woman, and the husband will like it better.“

    [ Mohammed billigt oder verlangt das Beschneiden – die FGM – hier müssen Intaktivisten und andere Kinderrechtler widersprechen. Die Scharia, der Islam integriert die FGM – darum geht es im Strafprozess: United States of America v. JUMANA NAGARWALA ]

    Some have declared Tabarani’s chain to be authentic. While others criticized the authenticity of this narration. Here, it is not being cited to establish a basis for a practice in the Sacred Law, the aforementioned ijma‘ establishes that. The narration describes the manner in which the practice is to be performed. It clarifies that the procedure is minor and the reduction is slight; in fact, the verbs used are commands, which indicate obligation. Meaning, to go beyond this contravenes what the Prophet (upon him be peace) commanded.

    [ Islamic FGM = ḫifāḍ / ḫafḍ – anglisiert khifaD / khafD – es glaube niemand, die Klitoris sei durch JUMANA NAGARWALA, MUI, Scheich Keller, schafiifiqh usw. auf Dauer geschützt. Man beteuert, dass ḫifāḍ / ḫafḍ Kürzung der Klitorisvorhaut bedeuten würde, also eine FGM Typ Ia – die wir als Genitalverstümmelung definieren und nicht straffrei stellen dürfen. ]

    What we have mentioned above is not FGM. In Arabic, the practice we are talking about is called „khafd,“ meaning, a reduction i.e. of the clitoral hood. This is actually, according to many health experts, an accepted medical procedure; something that when done properly, women are satisfied with.

    [ Jetzt geht es an die Begrifflichkeiten. Man will beschneiden – und nicht verstümmeln. Chitan al-inath / sunat perempuan sei ein harmloses religiöses Ritual, keine Verstümmelung (mutilation). ]

    Some individuals or organizations in Europe and other places argue that circumcision/unhooding is genital mutilation. The corollary of this line of argument is generally that it should be banned. This is obviously something that Muslims disagree with.

    [ I agree, we disagree! Beschneiderinnen in den Knast. ]

    [ Nun wird die FGM nicht nur per Hadith, sondern sogar mit dem Koran begründet – das ist kühn, aber durchaus möglich. ]

    Allah commanded the Prophet Abraham (upon him be peace) to circumcise, and Allah says in the Qur’an, „Follow the way of Abraham, as a pure monotheist.“ (Surah al-Nahl 123) And circumcision is part of his way; it is a ritual of obedience to God first performed by the father of the monotheistic faiths.

    Also, it was practiced and advised in the time of the Prophet Muhammad (upon him be peace), for both men and women.
    The official position of the Shafi’i School is that it is obligatory for a woman. There is also a weaker opinion that Imam Nawawi relates in Rawdah 10/180 that it is recommended. This is the opinion maintained by other scholars who considered that it is recommended or simply a noble deed, like Imam Abu Hanifah and Imam Malik. A woman following the Shafi’i School could make taqlid of these opinions. She would thereby be omitting a meritorious act, but not an obligation.

    [ Schafiitische Rechtsschule: Die Frau muss beschnitten sein – das Mädchen muss beschnitten werden – das hat der Scheich gesagt, der für die DarusSalam Foundation, Lombard (Vorort von Chicago), Illinois, USA arbeitet und seine Ausbildung in Islamic Law (Scharia) in Südafrika absolvierte, bei: Dar ‚Ulum al-Arabiyyah al-Islamiyyah, Strand, Cape Town · Kapstadt. ]

    For a Muslim scholar to issue a fatwa against it, that violates the aforementioned consensus, and to violate consensus is impermissible. Such a fatwa would also disregard many experts from the medical community who have expressed the benefits that such procedures have for women.

    [ Rasante Wendung, diese Schlusskurve … die Fachleute der modernen Medizin würden diese Form von Frauenbeschneidung für gesundheitsförderlich und und dem Wohlbefinden dienlich halten.

    Zwischen minderjährig und volljährig (18 Jahre!), zwischen Mädchen und Frau hat Scheich Yaqub Abdurrahman nicht unterschieden.

    Damit dürfte man, leider, schon bald zum Aushandeln des rechten Alters zur Einwilligung (age of consent) kommen, im Prinzip also wie bei der Jungenbeschneidung. Ob Mädchen oder Junge: Keine Beschneidung unter achtzehn!

    Auch jeden auf Erwachsenen (Mensch über 18 Jahre) lastenden Gruppenzwang zum Beschnittensein und Beschnittenwerden hat der freiheitliche Rechtsstaat zu unterbinden. ]

    And Allah knows best.

    [ And UDHR knows better. ( UDHR = AEMR 10.12.1948 ) ]

    Answered by: Shaykh Yaqub Abdurrahman

    http://www.shafiifiqh.com/question-details.aspx?qstID=173

    Scheich Yaqub Abdurrahman – Facebook

    ___ps://www.facebook.com/yaqub.abdurrahman

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    FGM-Typ-Ia-Bewerber Scheich Nuh Ha Mim Keller …

    .

    .

    … in bester Gesellschaft mit dem Cheftheologen der Muslimbruderschaft Scheich Yusuf al-Qaradawi.

    .

    http://s51.photobucket.com/user/faqir/media/3_scholars.jpg.html

  21. Machandelboom Says:

    Dr. Jumana Nagarwala, die familiäre Bindungen nach Kenia hat, wurde verhaftet, als sie gerade ins Flugzeug einsteigen wollte. Die Ärztin wollte zwei ihrer Kinder besuchen, die in Nairobi auf ein Internat gehen.

    Die Notfallmedizinerin und islamische Ritualbeschneiderin habe, wie ihre Anwältin Shannon Smith berichtete, am Genital beider Mädchen etwas Haut entfernt. Diese habe Nagarwala in Gaze eingewickelt und den Eltern der Mädchen übergeben, welche die Hautstücke, nach einem religiösen Brauch der indisch-muslimischen Dawudi Bohra, beerdigen, erzählte Smith. Vgl.:

    US doctor accused of cutting girls‘ genitals has ties to Kenya | Daily Nation (Nairobi, Kenia) 20.04.2017

    http://www.nation.co.ke/news/US-doctor-accused-of-FGM-Kenya-links/1056-3896468-format-xhtml-9on1olz/index.html

    _
    _

    Robert Snell‏ @robertsnellnews 18. Apr. 2017

    Genital mutilation case doctor a member of [ Dawoodi Bohra ] Muslim sect linked to Australian mutilation case in 2015 http://detne.ws/2pu2zfV

    https://twitter.com/robertsnellnews?lang=de

  22. Michigan Says:

    A courtroom sketch shows U.S. Magistrate Judge Monica Mazjoub, center, and Dr. Jumana Nagarwala, right, on Monday, April 17, 2017

    .

    .

    http://www.freep.com/story/news/local/michigan/wayne/2017/04/17/prosecutors-genital-mutilation-part-incredibly-secretive-ritual/100574696/

  23. Cees van der Duin Says:

    FGM vor einem Gericht in den Vereinigten Staaten von Amerika, da war noch ein Fall, jedenfalls beinahe. Im Jahr 2002, und die etwas gründlichere Aufdeckung der Sache zog sich bis 2005.

    Kalifornien. Ein gewisser Todd Cameron Bertrang, ein Anbieter von Piercings und Body-Modifikationen, machte jemandem das Angebot, weibliche Genitalverstümmelung durchzuführen, female genital mutilation, FGM.

    Die angeblich zu beschneidenden Mädchen, acht und 12 Jahre alt, waren allerdings – zum Glück – keine realen Kinder. Halten wir fest: Ja, Bertrang war bereit, zwei Mädchen genital zu verstümmeln. Der Preis wurde genannt, man war handelseinig, doch statt Handschlag klickten die Handschellen. Der vermeintliche Auftraggeber war ein verdeckter Ermittler der Polizei. Gute Arbeit.

    In 2002, a Santa Clarita man was caught in an FBI sting when he agreed through an undercover agent to perform genital mutilation on children ages 8 and 12.

    The man told investigators he had performed more “female circumcisions” than anyone in the Western world, though authorities were unable to corroborate that. He and his girlfriend pleaded guilty to conspiracy and possessing child pornography.

    ( For the first time in the U.S., a doctor is charged with female genital mutilation. Here’s how the law came to be | By: Alene Tchekmedyian | Los Angeles Times 18.04.2017 )

    http://www.latimes.com/nation/la-na-female-genital-mutilation-detroit-2017-story.html

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    ___

    SACRAMENTO, Calif.–(BUSINESS WIRE)–Dec. 23, 2002–The Medical Board of California’s Operation Safe Medicine (OSM), in conjunction with the Federal Bureau of Investigation, served a search warrant on December 19, 2002 at the Santa Clarita residence of an unlicensed person, Todd Cameron Bertrang, for agreeing to perform female circumcisions. The procedure is an extremely painful, traumatizing mutilation of females that leaves them permanently disfigured. He also performs a similar procedure on males. He was charged with violating Business and Professions Code section 2053, a felony, by risking great bodily harm, serious injury or death by practicing medicine without a license. Bertrang was arrested and booked into Santa Clarita Los Angeles Sheriff’s Department and will appear in court on January 21, 2003. […]

    The investigation has revealed that Bertrang attracted potential patients through Web sites and may have performed various unlicensed procedures that include male and female circumcisions at his residence since 1997. […]

    ( Medical Board of California Arrests Santa Clarita Resident for Unlicensed Practice of Medicine )

    http://www.circumstitions.com/news/News7.html

    The Medical Board of California’s press release:

    Medical Board of California Arrests Santa Clarita Resident
    For Unlicensed Practice of Medicine

    SACRAMENTO—The Medical Board of California’s Operation Safe Medicine (OSM), in conjunction with the Federal Bureau of Investigation, served a search warrant on December 19, 2002 at the Santa Clarita residence of an unlicensed person, Todd Cameron Bertrang, for agreeing to perform female circumcisions.

    http://forum.forteantimes.com/index.php?threads/female-circumcision-genital-mutilation-fgm.13887/

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    ___

    U.S. Department of Justice 08.06.2005

    TWO WHO PLOTTED TO PERFORM FEMALE GENITAL MUTILATION SENTENCED TO FEDERAL PRISON

    Prison Terms also Result from Child Pornography, Obscenity Charges

    Los Angeles, CA – Two Southern California residents who agreed to perform female genital mutilation on two minors were sentenced this afternoon to federal prison terms after pleading guilty to conspiracy, child pornography and obscenity charges. […]

    Court documents show that Bertrang had a business that offered body piercing and body modifications. After seeing Bertrang’s website, where he advertised these services, an undercover FBI agent contacted Bertrang in the fall of 2002. In a series of communications, Bertrang offered to perform female genital mutilation on two fictitious minor children, ages 8 and 12, for $8,000. During the investigation, Bertrang stated to investigators that he had performed more “female circumcisions” than anyone in the Western World, a claim that investigations have been unable to corroborate.

    The case against Bertrang and Faulkinbury is the first case filed pursuant to the Federal Prohibition of Female Genital Mutilation Act of 1995, which outlawed the circumcision or removal of certain sexual organs of girls under the age of 18 unless it is necessary for the health of the patient and only if it is performed by a licensed medical practitioner. Neither Bertrang nor Faulkinbury is licensed to practice medicine in the state of California. […]

    Release No. 05-089

    https://www.justice.gov/archive/usao/cac/Pressroom/pr2005/089.html

    ___ps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p9T-FUqfyzc

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    Und schon wieder hat, sozusagen, der Täter das falsche Geschlecht – Bertrang ist Mann.

    Die rituelle Mädchenbeschneidung aber, die FGM, wird – Stichwort rituelle Gender-Apartheid – grundsätzlich durch eine Frau durchgeführt, eigentlich stets durch eine Angehörige einer ebenfalls Mädchen beschneidenden Kultur (will heißen: die Beschneiderin ist beschnitten; Stichwort: Pubertätsritual) oder, und meistens, sogar durch eine Angehörige der gleichen Ethnie und Religion.

    Etwa in Kurdistan wissen viele Männer nicht genau, wie sehr ihre Frauen beschnitten (verstümmelt) worden sind, oder ob überhaupt.

    In Indonesien etwa wird manch ein Mädchen traditionell unter einem sehr großen Tuch beschnitten, mindestens (ja) von außen sieht man vom Klitorisvorhautamputieren oder auch Klitorisverstümmeln wenig bis nichts. Ist ja auch alles sehr tabu, zugleich hoch andächtig, bei Assalaam Foundation verliest jemand eine Koransure, das kann auch mal ein Mann sein, im gebotenen großem Abstand. Zwei Beispiele.

    1., Beschneiderin, Mutter und Mädchen stammen alle aus der, riesengroßen, indonesischen-schafiitischen Kultur.

    2., Sydney und Detroit: Beschneiderin, Mutter und Mädchen leben innerhalb der kleinen, radikal parallelkulturellen (beispielsweise absolut endogamen) Wagenburg von Dawudi Bohra.

    Beschneiderin Nichtmuslima? Undenkbar, die ernährt sich nicht rituell rein.

  24. Kızılırmak Says:

    :::::

    ABD’de Kadın Sünnetiyle Suçlanan Doktor Ömür Boyu Hapis Yatabilir

    Jumana Nagarwala adlı doktor, Detroit kentinde 6-12 yaş arasındaki kız çocuklarını sünnet etmekle suçlandı.

    Haberler – BBC Türkçe 14.04.2017

    ABD’de Michigan eyaletinin Detroit kentinde bir kadın doktor, 6-12 yaş arasındaki kız çocuklarını sünnet etmekle suçlandı.

    Jumana Nagarwala […] Michigan […]

    http://www.haberler.com/abd-de-kadin-sunnetiyle-suclanan-doktor-omur-boyu-9498811-haberi/

    :::
    :::

    ::

  25. Edward von Roy Says:

    Burhani Medical Clinic, the office of Dr. Fakhruddin Attar, is seen in Livonia, Mich.
    [ Attar’s clinic, BMC ]

    .

    [ Woodcreek Professional Building, location of the Burhani Medical Clinic and offices of Dr. Fakhruddin S. Attar, MD, Internal Medicine, on Farmington Rd. in Livonia. ]

    Dr. Fakhruddin S. Attar, MD

    http://doctor.webmd.com/doctor/fakhruddin-attar-md-15a48a72-b93f-4d46-8d6e-7f95aaba1aa0-overview

    .
    .

    2nd doctor, wife arrested in genital mutilation case

    By: Robert Snell
    The Detroit News Published 11:02 a.m. ET April 21, 2017 | Updated 2 hours ago

    Federal agents arrested a second doctor and his wife Friday in a widening conspiracy involving female genital mutilation and members of a Muslim sect.

    Dr. Fakhruddin Attar is accused of letting Dr. Jumana Nagarwala perform mutilations at his Burhani Medical Clinic on Farmington Road. His wife, office manager Farida Attar, also was arrested and is accused of helping Nagarwala perform the mutilations, according to a 14-page complaint unsealed Friday in federal court. […]

    Attar, 52, and his 50-year-old wife were arraigned in federal court Friday afternoon and ordered jailed until a detention hearing Wednesday. Both were dressed in the distinctive attire of Dawoodi Bohra members — he wore a white cap with gold trim, while his wife wore a long teal dress and head covering with pink fringe.

    “Dr. Attar is not aware of any crimes committed at his clinic,” defense lawyer Mary Chartier told reporters outside court. […]

    http://www.detroitnews.com/story/news/local/detroit-city/2017/04/21/second-doctor-arrested-genital-mutilation/100741450/

    Complaint reveals new surveillance video in genital mutilation case
    Tresa Baldas , Detroit Free Press Published 1:58 p.m. ET April 21, 2017 | Updated 5 hours ago

    http://www.freep.com/story/news/local/michigan/wayne/2017/04/21/genital-mutilation-video-complaint/100748668/

    2nd doctor arrested, wife charged in connection with female genital mutilation investigation

    fox2detroit | By: Dave Spencer
    Posted:Apr 21 2017 11:12AM EDT
    Updated:Apr 21 2017 05:11PM EDT

    (WJBK) – A second doctor has been arrested in connection with a female genital mutilation investigation in Detroit.

    Fakhruddin Attar, 53, and his wife, Farida Attar, 50, of Livonia, were both arrested and have been charged with conspiring to perform female genital mutilations on minor girls out of Dr. Attar’s medical clinic in Livonia.

    Both husband and wife were arrested Friday morning and are due in court later this afternoon.

    Authorities say Dr. Attar owned Burhani Medical Clinic in Livonia, which is where a Detroit emergency room doctor who was arrested last week is accused of performing FGM on minor girls. Authorities say Dr. Attar’s wife is employed at Burhani Medical Clinic as an office manager. Authorities believe the husband and wife arranged and assisted in the FGM procedures performed by the Detroit doctor, Dr. Jumana Nagarwala. […]

    http://www.fox2detroit.com/news/local-news/249924325-story

    __

    .

    .
    .

    Department of Justice
    Office of Public Affairs
    Friday, April 21, 2017

    Detroit Doctor and Wife Arrested and Charged with Conspiring to Perform Female Genital Mutilation

    […] Fakhruddin Attar, M.D., 53, and his wife, Farida Attar, 50, both of Livonia, Michigan, are charged with conspiring to perform female genital mutilations on minor girls out of Fakhruddin Attar’s medical clinic in Livonia. […]

    he defendants are alleged to have conspired with Jumana Nagarwala, M.D., who was arrested in Detroit on April 12, 2017, and ordered detained on April 17, 2017, pending trial. Nagarwala, Fakhruddin Attar and Farida Attar are believed to be the first people charged under 18 U.S.C. 116, which criminalizes FGM.

    A complaint is merely an allegation and the defendant is presumed innocent unless and until proven guilty beyond a reasonable doubt in a court of law. […]

    https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/detroit-doctor-and-wife-arrested-and-charged-conspiring-perform-female-genital-mutilation

    Attar et al. Complaint

    United States of America v. D-1 FAKHRUDDIN ATTAR, D-2 FARIDA ATTAR, Defendants

    CRIMINAL COMPLAINT
    20.04.2017

    [ BMC = Burhani Medical Clinic ]

    https://www.justice.gov/opa/press-release/file/959361/download

  26. Edward von Roy Says:

    .

    Another Doctor And His Wife Have Been Charged With Conspiring To Perform Female Genital Mutilation In The US

    BuzzFeed 21.04.2017, at 7:21 p.m.
    By: Tamerra Griffin | BuzzFeed News Reporter

    https://www.buzzfeed.com/tamerragriffin/doctor-and-his-wife-charged-female-genital-mutilation-us?utm_term=.ncN7Op82o#.ojQB2V6YW

    .
    .

    FIRST DO NO HARM?

    Second Detroit Doctor Arrested for Female Genital Mutilation

    Fakhruddin Attar owns the clinic where Dr. Jumana Nagarwala allegedly performed illegal surgeries on girls as young as six. Attar’s wife was also arrested.

    By: Gaby Del Valle
    The Daily Beast 21.04.2017 7:07 PM ET

    http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2017/04/21/second-detroit-doctor-arrested-for-female-genital-mutilation.html

    .

  27. Edward von Roy Says:

    .

    .

    .
    .

    Sahiyo

  28. Kızılırmak Says:

    :::

    India-Born Doctor, Wife Arrested In US Genital Mutilation Probe

    NDTV New Delhi Television | Updated: April 22, 2017 07:32 IST

    […] The Attars were arrested this morning.

    The charges come a week after Indian-origin doctor Jumana Nagarwala, 44, of Michigan, was charged with performing FGM on minor girls.

    Ms Nagarwala and the Attars are believed to be the first people charged under federal US law, which criminalises FGM.

    According to an online physician directory, Fakhruddin graduated from the Baroda Medical College in Gujarat, India in 1988.

    The charges say that Ms Nagarwala used to perform the medical procedure on minor girls at Burhani Medical Clinic (BMC) in Michigan that was owned and operated by Fakhruddin.

    Fakhruddin’s wife was employed at BMC as an officer manager.

    The compliant against the Attars said that the couple arranged and assisted in the female genital mutilation of minor females performed by Nagarwala. While they allowed their clinic to be used by Nagarwala to perform the procedures, Farida assisted Ms Nagarwala during the female genital mutilation procedures. […]

    The number of girls under 18 at risk for FGM in the US has quadrupled since 1997. […]

    http://www.ndtv.com/indians-abroad/india-born-doctor-wife-arrested-in-us-genital-mutilation-probe-1684494

    New Delhi Television is, and has been for more than a quarter century, a pioneer in India’s news television. Founded in 1988 by Radhika Roy and Prannoy Roy, NDTV is today the most watched and the most credible and respected news and lifestyle network in India.

    http://www.ndtv.com/convergence/ndtv/corporatepage/index.aspx

    :::
    :::

    Medical Professionals Ijtemaa and SBMAA founding – report
    March 17, 2015 SBMAA Webmaster
    1 Comment

    :::::

    […] Shaikh Fakhruddin Attar MD, MS […]

    SBMAA
    Saifee Burhani Medical Association America

    Founded 14th March 2015 with Dua and Raza Mubarak of his Holiness, Syedna Aali Qadr Mufaddal Saifuddin TUS, 53rd Dail ul-Mutlaq of the Dawoodi Bohra Muslim Community

    […] The mission of the Saifee Burhani Medical Association is to leverage the experience, skill, and potential of medical professionals in the Dawoodi Bohra community, to achieve three aims:

    1. engage in khidmat of mumineen, by desiging and implementing jamaat-level initiatives for long-term health and preventive care, by leveraging our expertise, local clinical experiences, and economies of scale;

    2. encourage and support aspiring medical professionals by providing mentorship, guidance, education, […]

    ___p://sbmedical.org/medical-professionals-ijtemaa-and-sbmaa-founding-report/

    Members | Saifee Burhani Medical Association of America [ SBMAA ]
    sbmedical.org/members/
    Business City: Livonia. State: MI. Country: United States.

    ___p://sbmedical.org/login/?redirect_to=http%3A%2F%2Fsbmedical.org%2Fmembers%2F

    Shaikh Fakhruddin Attar MD, MS
    Middle Name: M. Shabbir

    Shaikh Fakhruddin Attar MD, MS | Saifee Burhani Medical Association …
    sbmedical.org/user/shaikh.fakhruddin.attar.md%2C.ms./

    Degree and/or Certifications. MD, MS
    Medical/Professional
    Specialty: Internal Medicine
    Business Address: 29247 Farmington Road. Business City. Livonia.

    ___p://sbmedical.org/user/shaikh.fakhruddin.attar.md%2C.ms./

    Attar in West Bloomfield, MI
    Fakhruddin Shabbir Attar

    http://www.whitepages.com/name/Attar/West-Bloomfield-MI

    Anjuman-e-Najmi mosque on Orchard Lake Road in Farmington Hills
    Andschuman-e-Nadschmi-Moschee, Orchard Lake Road, Farmington Hills

    Jamaat Committee – Anjuman-e-Najmi, Detroit

    OFFICERS
    Janab Aamil Saheb
    President
    Mufaddal Bhai Saheb Bin Yahya Bhai Saheb

    Shaikh Fakhruddin Attar
    Treasurer [ Schatzmeister ]

    DIRECTORS [ insgesamt neun ]
    Shaikh Fakhruddin Attar
    Shaikh Moiz Nagarwala

    ___p://www.detroitjamaat.org/detroitjamaatorg/website_contest_milad_98/entry6/www/organizations/jamaat.asp

    Niyaz Committee
    Sk Fakhruddin bhai Attar
    Asst. Treasurer

    ___p://www.detroitjamaat.org/detroitjamaatorg/website_contest_milad_98/entry6/www/organizations/niyaz.asp

    Anjuman-e-Najmi, Detroit
    Burhani Women

    Zoujat Al-Amil-al-Hadir
    President

    Farida Bai Shaikh Fakhruddin Bhai Attar [ FARIDA ATTAR ]
    Joint Secretary

    ___p://www.detroitjamaat.org/detroitjamaatorg/website_contest_milad_98/entry6/www/organizations/bwomen.asp

  29. Jacques Auvergne Says:

    Tahara ( طهارة ṭahāra ) – Nicht nur sauber, sondern rein

    _ _

    Rituelle Reinheit

    http://www.eslam.de/begriffe/r/rituelle_reinheit.htm

    Tahara – Der Begriff wird auch im Zusammenhang mit der Beschneidung des Mannes und […] zur Bezeichnung von Praktiken der Beschneidung weiblicher Genitalien [ Islamic FGM ] verwendet.

    https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tah%C4%81ra

    _ _

    Chitan (arab.: ختان ) oder Chatna (arab.: ختنة ) bezeichnet die männliche oder weibliche Beschneidung [ Genitalverstümmelung ]

    Khitan (Arabic: ختان ) or Khatna (Arabic: ختنة ) is the term for male and female circumcision

    Like male circumcision, female circumcision is considered as a religious requirement of the Dawoodi Bohras. Both male and female circumcision (Arabic khatna and khafd respectively) find mention in books of jurisprudence written in the 10th century, including in Daim al-Islam [ Daʿāʾimu l-islām ], the principal book of Ismaili Fatimid jurisprudence written by [ al-Numan (an-Nuʿmān) under the reign of the fourth Fatimid Caliph and 14th Ismaili imam ] Al-Mu’izz li-Din Allah. The book traces the custom for both genders to the sayings of Prophet Muhammad and his successor (according to the Shia) Ali ibn Abi Talib.

    Claims that female circumcision is designed to curb [ bändigen, dämpfen, drosseln ] the woman’s sexuality and is patriarchal in nature have no foundation in the religious books of the Dawoodi Bohras.

    [ Drosseln stimmt zu FGM Typ Ib – anatomisch. Nicht islamisch. Die FGM nach Koran und Sunna, die Chatna ist reine Religion. Doch wird das curb bemerkenswert oft laut. Ein Trick. Curb & Geschnatter „Schlimm patriarchal“ ist red herring, Taqiyya. ]

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khitan_(circumcision)

    Irreführung: Roter Hering

    Im Red Herring wird das unsachliche Argument wissentlich vorgetragen, um den Gesprächspartner oder Leser in die Irre zu führen. [ Taqiyya, Lügen für Islamerhalt und -expansion ]

    https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Herring_(Redewendung)

    _ _

    معد المعز لدين الله‎‎
    ابو تميم معد المعزّ لدين الل
    Abū Tamīm al-Muʿizz li-Dīn Allāh
    Abū Tamīm Maʿadd al-Muʿizz li-Dīn Allāh
    Abu Tamim al-Muizz (The Commander of the Faithful)

    Abu Tamim al-Muizz (* ca. 930 in Mahdiya; † 975 in Kairo) war der vierte Kalif der Fatimiden und der 14. Imam der Ismailiten. In der Zeit seiner Herrschaft (953–975) verlagerte sich das Machtzentrum der Fatimiden von Ifriqiya nach Ägypten, wobei Wissenschaft und Künste in Ägypten eine Blütezeit erlebten. Er selbst widmete sich der Philosophie, Literatur, Astrologie und beherrschte mehrere Sprachen.

    Im Jahr 953 übernahm er nach dem Tod seines Vaters Ismail al-Mansur (reg. 946–953) das Kalifat.

    In die Zeit von al-Muizz fällt auch die Gründung der Al-Azhar-Universität (969), die zu einem religiösen Zentrum für die Ausbildung ismailitischer Missionare (dāʿī) wurde. Obwohl Kairo zum Ausgangspunkt der ismailitischen Mission wurde, unternahmen die Fatimiden nur geringe Anstrengungen, ihre Doktrin innerhalb der ägyptischen Bevölkerung zu verbreiten. Von größerer Bedeutung war die erstmalige Missionierung außerhalb des fatimidischen Herrschaftsbereichs, die besonders auf die Qarmaten abzielte. Mit Hilfe ihrer Unterstützung sollten weitere abbasidischer Provinzen im Osten erobert werden.

    https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Tamim_al-Muizz

    _ _
    _ _

    Daʿāʾim al-islām wa-ḏikr al-ḥalāl wa-l-qaḍāyā wa-l-aḥkām
    Die Säulen des Islam, die Erwähnung des Erlaubten und der Rechtsentscheidungen und Urteile
    Daimu l-Islam
    Daim al-Islam

    The pillars of Islam
    of
    al-Qadi al-Nu’man

    http://trove.nla.gov.au/work/25987944

    Erster Band

    https://archive.org/stream/42873287/12746244102#page/n0/mode/2up

    The Pillars of Islam
    Ibadat: Acts of Devotion and Religious Observances

    The Pillars of Islam
    Muamalat: Laws Pertaining to Human Intercourse

    (s. u.)

    _ _

    Abū Ḥanīfa an-Nuʿmān bin Muḥammad at-Tamīmī
    an-Nuʿmān
    al-Numan

    He has written 44 books on Fiqh, history, religious beliefs and Ta’wil.

    Al-Nu’man’s most prominent work, the Daim al-Islam (Arabic:دعائم الاسلام) (‚The Pillars of Islam‘), which took nearly thirty years to complete, is an exposition of the Fatimid jurisprudence. The work that was finally completed during the reign of the fourth caliph, al-Mu’izz li-din Allah (r. 953-975 CE/ 341-365 AH), was accepted in its time as the official code of the Fatimid state, and serves to this day as the primary source of law (sharia) for some Mustaali Isma’ili communities, especially the Tayyibis. Iran has incorporated Daim-ul-Islam into their constitution.

    https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/An-Nu%CA%BFm%C4%81n

    _ _

    The Pillars of Islam: Muamalat: Laws Pertaining to Human Intercourse (Vol. II) (Oxford India Paperbacks) Revised ed. Edition
    by Ismail K.H. Poonawala (Translator), Asaf A. A. Fyzee (Translator)

    The Pillars of Islam: Volume I: Ibadat: Acts of Devotion and Religious Observances 1st Edition
    by Ismail Kurban Husein Poonawala (Editor)

    _ _

    _ _

    Another Muslim Doctor Arrested For Conspiring In Female Genital Mutilation

    […] The criminal complaint from the DOJ alleges that Nagarwala’s acts were performed in the Attar’s Burhani Medical Clinic (BMC) in Livonia, where Mrs. Attar, described as an “office manager,” held the hands of the girls screaming in pain.

    The complaint alleges:

    This investigation has identified other children who may have been cut by Nagarwala at Attar’s clinic, BMC, between 2005 and 2017, including children in Michigan. On April 10, 2017, child forensic interviews employed by the FBI and HSI interviewed several minor girls in Michigan. In these interviews, multiple minor girls informed forensic interviewers that procedures had been performed on their genitals by Nagarwala. One minor girl said that Farida was present during the procedure performed by Nagarwala.

    As Townhall reported, „According to wiretapped conversations between Nagarwala and Mrs. Attar, Nagarwala advised parents to deny knowing about FGM should they be asked by federal law enforcement authorities.

    http://www.dailywire.com/news/15623/another-muslim-doctor-arrested-conspiring-female-hank-berrien

    _ _

  30. Edward von Roy Says:

    removed membrane from the girls‘ genital area using a „scraper“ as part of a religious practice

    Von FGM Typ IV ist die Rede – will die Verteidigung diese Strategie nutzen – oder hat zwischen 2005 und 2017 im Großraum Detroit wirklich nur Typ-IV-FGM stattgefunden?

    Englisch scraper meint Schaber, Flachschaber, Ziehklinge, Hobel, Schabermesser, Kratze, Reibe, Löffelschaber oder Raspel.

    Jede Form von FGM muss verboten bleiben – FGM ist FGM Typ I, II, III oder IV. Der vierte Typ der keineswegs in strafbewehrt und statthaft aufzuspaltenden WHO-Klassifikation beinhaltet Ziehen, Quetschen, Brennen, Ätzen, Stechen, Raspeln, Kratzen, Schaben, Reiben. Das intakte Genital des Kindes, Kind ist Mensch unter 18 (achtzehn) Jahren, steht nicht zur Disposition.

    Wir übersehen nicht, dass jedes zweite Kind auf der Welt kein Mädchen ist.
    .
    .

    (…) During a court hearing April 17, Nagarwala’s defense attorney, Shannon Smith, told a judge the procedure did not involve cutting and was religious in nature, CNN affiliate WXYZ reported.
    Smith argued the procedure is practiced by the Dawoodi Bohra, an Islamic sect based in India, and that the clinic was used to keep procedures sterile, WXYZ reported.

    The Detroit Free Press reported from the hearing that Smith said her client removed membrane from the girls‘ genital area using a „scraper“ as part of a religious practice.

    Michigan doctors charged in first federal genital mutilation case in US | By Mayra Cuevas, CNN (CNN’s Laura Jarrett and Mary Kay Mallonee contributed to this report.) | CNN 23.04.2017

    http://edition.cnn.com/2017/04/22/health/detroit-genital-mutilation-charges/

    .

    The doctor’s attorney argued that her client never performed female genital mutilations, but rather removed a mucous membrane from the Minnesota girls‘ genitals using a ’scraper.‘ […]

    The judge also asked why the doctor handed the girls pads, presumably to absorb bleeding, as alleged by the prosecution, to which Smith replied that the feminine hygiene products were given to soak up iodine that was used during the procedure, not blood.

    Detroit doctor and his wife are arrested for ‚conspiring‘ with physician who ‚performed genital mutilation on two 7-year-old girls‘ | By Cheyenne Roundtree and Snejana Farberov For Dailymail.com and Associated Press | Daily Mail 21.04.2017 22:06 BST | Updated 21.04.2017 23:06 BST

    http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-4433944/Two-arrested-conspiring-genital-mutilation.html

    .

    scraper

    http://www.dict.cc/englisch-deutsch/scraper.html

    .

    FGM Type IV — All other harmful procedures to the female genitalia for non-medical purposes, for example: pricking, piercing, incising, scraping and cauterization.

    http://www.who.int/reproductivehealth/topics/fgm/overview/en/

  31. Cees van der Duin Says:

    In the Matter of B and G (Children) (No 3) [2015] EWFC 27

    Two children, B aged 3 and G aged 2 at the time […] The parents were of African origin, although the mother had been born and brought up in Scandinavia. They met in the UK and married in an Islamic ceremony. […]

    The President of the Family Division had previously handed down two judgments Re B and G (Children) [2014] EWFC 43 and Re B and G (No 2) [2015] EWFC 3. The first judgment, addressing whether G had been subjected to female genital mutilation (FGM), concluded that the local authority had been unable to establish on the evidence that she had been nor that she was at risk of being subjected to any form of FGM. […]

    […] Sir James Munby, President of the Family Division :

    1. These are care proceedings in relation to two children, B, a boy, born in July 2010 and G, a girl, born in July 2011 (these are not their real initials). In terms of their ethnic origin, both the father, F, and the mother, M, come from an African country which I shall refer to as country A, though the mother was born and brought up in a Scandinavian country which I shall refer to as country S (again, these are not the real initials). The family are Muslims. […]

    3. At the end of the hearing on 7 November 2014 I reserved judgment. On 11 November 2014 I handed down a very short judgment announcing my decision and my conclusions on various issues: Re B and G (Children) [2014] EWFC 43. I said that I would give detailed reasons in due course. On 14 January 2015 I handed down a further judgment dealing with the most important issue in the proceedings, whether G had been subjected to female genital mutilation (FGM) and, if she had, what the implications of that were in relation to planning for her and her brother’s future: Re B and G (No 2) [2015] EWFC 3. My conclusion was that the local authority was unable on the evidence to establish that G either had been or was at risk of being subjected to any form of FGM. […]

    8. As set out in my first judgment (Re B and G (Children) [2014] EWFC 43, para 2), I concluded that:

    „(i) The local authority is unable on the evidence to establish that G (as I shall refer to her) either has been or is at risk of being subjected to any form of female genital mutilation. […]

    http://www.familylawweek.co.uk/site.aspx?i=ed144190

    :::

    Court judgement raises questions about FGM and male circumcision in the UK

    National Secular Society 15.01.2015

    […] In a ruling on a child thought by Leeds city council to have been a victim of FGM, the judge, Sir James Munby, described the practice as „evil“ and said that „the court must not hesitate to use every weapon in its protective arsenal if faced with a case of actual or anticipated FGM.“

    Sir James added: „Given what we now know is the distressingly great prevalence of FGM in this country even today, some thirty years after FGM was first criminalised, it is sobering to reflect that this is not merely the first care case where FGM has featured but also, I suspect, if not the first one of only a handful of FGM cases that have yet found their way to the family courts.

    „The courts alone, whether the family courts or the criminal courts, cannot eradicate this great evil but they have an important role to play and a very much greater role than they have hitherto been able to play.“

    The judge said that FGM was „an abuse of human rights“ that had „no basis in any religion.“ [ Das stimmt nicht. ]

    In his ruling, Sir James sought to distinguish between the severity of different types of female genital mutilation as compared with male circumcision. The judge described the „curiosity“ of the law allowing male circumcision whilst it outlaws FGM. Sir James said that law is „still prepared to tolerate non-therapeutic male circumcision performed for religious or even for purely cultural or conventional reasons, while no longer being willing to tolerate FGM in any of its forms.“

    The case Sir James was considering concerned the adoption of two children of Muslim parents, named only as G and B. […]

    Despite finding that some Type IV FGM was comparable with male circumcision, the judge ruled that „‚reasonable‘ parenting is treated as permitting male circumcision“, in part because „male circumcision is often performed for religious reasons“ whilst „FGM has no basis in any religion.“ [ Dem ist nicht so. ] The judge noted that male circumcision was seen by some as „providing hygienic or prophylactic benefits“ though accepted that „opinions are divided.“

    The judge concluded that although „both involve significant harm, there is a very clear distinction in family law between FGM and male circumcision.“

    Prior to a change in the case pressed by the local authority, the children’s case would have depended upon G’s Type IV FGM, despite the fact that „on any objective view it might be thought that G would have had subjected to a process much less invasive, no more traumatic (if, indeed, as traumatic) and with no greater long-term consequences, whether physical, emotional or psychological, than the process to which B has been or will be subjected.“

    Much discussion in court centred over whether G had a small scar on her genitals or not, which led Sir James to discuss the relative severity of this variety of Type IV female genital mutilation and male circumcision.

    Making suggestions for the future, Sir James drew attention to a „dearth of medical experts“ in paediatric FGM and noted the importance of „knowledge and understanding of the classification and categorisation of the various types of FGM.“

    [ Richter Munby empfiehlt uns lediglich immer mehr „Kenntnis und Verständnis“ zur weiblichen Genitalverstümmelung … und schließt die Akte. ]

    http://www.secularism.org.uk/news/2015/01/fgm-court-judgement-raises-questions-about-fgm-and-male-circumcision-in-the-uk

    :::

    National Secular Society 12.12.2014

    House of Lords debates FGM and Sharia Law in the UK

    On Thursday 11 December, there were debates in the House of Lords on female genital mutilation (FGM) and the „impact of Sharia Law on the United Kingdom.“ […]

    Baroness Tonge, an honorary associate of the NSS, spoke of how FGM „causes untold physical damage to a woman“ and equated the practice to a family member sexually abusing a young girl. Lady Tonge called for parents to be prosecuted if their child is the victim of FGM. […]

    http://www.secularism.org.uk/news/2014/12/house-of-lords-debates-fgm-and-sharia-law-in-the-uk

    (The full text of the debates can be read here.)

    Sharia Law

    Question for Short Debate

    Asked by Baroness Flather

    https://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld201415/ldhansrd/text/141211-gc0001.htm#14121139000326

  32. Cees van der Duin Says:

    ::

    “The act must be done. It needs to be done discreetly when it is a woman, but it needs to be done.”

    ( Syedna Muffadal Saifuddin’s speech at a mosque in Mumbai. )

    https://thehimalayantimes.com/world/a-speech-by-the-spiritual-leader-of-the-dawoodi-bohra-community-in-which-he-appears-to-be-urging-followers-in-india-to-continue-the-practice-of-female-genital-mutilation-fgm/

    Then in June 2016, the Syedna issued a statement to clarify his official stand on khatna. It stated that the resolution letters issued in various international jamaats were still valid for Bohras living in those nations. However, in the same statement, Syedna also endorsed khatna as a “religious obligation” necessary for “religious purity”. These ambiguous messages can be confusing to community members who may then be caught between abiding by the laws of their land and abiding by their leader’s wishes.

    ( Sahiyo )

    Detroit arrest: It is time for Bohras to get serious about ending Female Genital Cutting

    Das geht doch nicht. Man war ein bisschen empört. Alle Welt (oder so) wartete auf eine Erklärung zum alle Jungen und Mädchen bertreffenden religiösen Ritual namens

    Chitan / ختان‎‎ oder Chatna /ختنة‎‎
    ChafD / خفض / ḫafḍ oder ChifaD / خفاض / ḫifāḍ
    [ Islamische weibliche Genitalverstümmelung / Islamic FGM ]

    Die kam. Einerseits solle man sich an die Gesetze des Landes halten (welche Gesetze wie einzuhalten seien, blieb m. E. eher offen). Das spirituelle Oberhaupt der Dawudi Bohra stellte die religiöse Verankerung der Beschneidung aller Jungen und Mädchen fest, Chatna bzw. ChafD ist und bleibt Religionspflicht:

    “Male and female circumcision (called khatna and khafz respectively) are religious rites that have been practiced by Dawoodi Bohras throughout their history. Religious books, written over a thousand years ago, specify the requirements for both males and females as acts of religious purity. This religious obligation finds an echo in many other Muslim communities, particularly those following the Sunni Shafi’i school of thought.”

    ( Syedna Muffadal Saifuddin )
    ( Ein Bericht der Anti-FGM-Gruppe Sahiyo )

    Our campaign will continue: Sahiyo’s statement in response to Syedna’s official stand on khatna

    ::

    [ Der Syedna eben nicht gegen FGM, dna India blickt durch ]

    Syedna Mufaddal for female circumcision

    dna Correspondent | dna (Indien) 09.06.2016

    Bohra community head’s statement says only if government bans it, will it be stopped

    Days after his challenger made a statement that female circumcision be carried out by Dawoodi Bohra women only if they wanted to after attaining adulthood, a press statement from the public relations office of the 53rd Dai al-Mutlaq, Dr Syedna Mufaddal Saifuddin, states that khafz (Islamic female circumcision) be carried out unless it is banned by the government.

    „Male and female circumcision (called khatna and khafz respectively) are religious rites that have been practised by Dawoodi Bohras throughout history. Religious books, written over a thousand years ago, specify the requirements for both males and females as acts of religious purity. This religious obligation finds an echo in many other Muslim communities, particularly those following the Sunni Shafi’i school of thought,“ stated the statement.

    It went on to add: „In many parts of the world Anjumans, the administrative bodies of the Dawoodi Bohra Jamaats, have directed their congregations not to undertake khafz, insofar as it is included in the procedures that have been made illegal under the laws of their countries. These resolutions reflect the repeated directions of Syedna Mufaddal Saifuddin TUS to respect the law of the land and live as worthy and contributory citizens within prevailing laws….It is clarified that contrary to the media reports following the sermon of Syedna Mufaddal Saifuddin TUS of 25th April 2016, these resolutions of the Anjumans have not been nullified and continue to be valid.

    Further resolutions continue to be adopted in other jurisdictions even after the said sermon.“ [ Ja. Kontra oder pro Chatna … ]

    In a reaction, Sahiyo, one of the groups against female genital mutilation (FGM), said: „We thank Syedna Mufaddal Saifuddin for officially and publicly speaking on the issue of female genital cutting, since there has been so much silence and confusion on this issue for so long. We are pleased to know that the resolutions issued in several cities around the world, asking Bohra residents to stop practising khafz, still stand as valid. While we are pleased that the resolutions will continue to be issued in countries where female genital cutting is illegal, we are saddened to see that the Syedna’s statement clearly promotes the practice of khafz in countries where such laws are yet to be passed.“

    [ Chitan / ختان‎‎ oder Chatna /ختنة‎‎ ]
    [ ChafD / خفض / ḫafḍ oder ChifaD / خفاض / ḫifāḍ ]
    [ Zwischen Junge und Mädchen wird nicht differenziert, hier: ]
    [ Islamische weibliche Genitalverstümmelung / Islamic FGM ]

    The statement goes on to add: „We maintain that khafz is a form of gender violence, an unnecessary ritual that has left many Bohra girls and women with life-long psychological and physical scars. The World Health Organisation defines female genital cutting as ‚all procedures that involve partial or total removal of the external female genitalia, or other injury to the female genital organs for non-medical reasons‘, and khafz clearly falls within that definition. Several conventions of the United Nations, including CEDAW, UNFPA, Unicef and UNDP, have declared FGC to be a violation of human and child rights. Countries like India, even though they may not have a specific law against FGC, are signatories to these conventions. We will continue our campaign to bring an end to this practice of female genital cutting within the community. We urge our leader to engage with Bohra women who have been negatively impacted by this practice and pay heed to our voices.“

    http://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/report-syedna-mufaddal-for-female-circumcision-2221411

    Launched on July 30, 2005, in Mumbai, dna is an English broadsheet daily owned by Diligent Media Corporation, an Essel Group company.

    http://www.dnaindia.com/about

    ::

    ::

    Über den Islam nur Gutes. Fakten sind unbequem. Das spirituelle Oberhaupt der Dawudi Bohra betont: Religiöse Riten, religiöse Schriften, religiöse Verpflichtung (religious rites – religious books – religious obligation).

    „Male and female circumcision (called khatna and khafz respectively) are religious rites that have been practised by Dawoodi Bohras throughout history. Religious books, written over a thousand years ago, specify the requirements for both males and females as acts of religious purity. This religious obligation finds an echo in many other Muslim communities, particularly those following the Sunni Shafi’i school of thought.“

    Man kann erkennen und sollte sagen:

    Multiple Islamic scholars and experts say the practice is religious, not based in cultural principles. Those who don’t have their daughters circumcised are subjected to pressure, and those who do believe they are fulfilling a religious obligation.

    Jeff Karoub schweigt zu der – durch den Syedna erwähnten – schafiitischen Pflicht zur Chatna im Sinne von Mädchenbeschneidung:

    „Multiple Islamic scholars and experts say the practice is cultural, not based in religious principles. Those who don’t have their daughters circumcised are subjected to pressure, and those who do believe they are protecting the girls.“

    Doctor’s arrest brings attention to US female circumcisions | By: Jeff Karoub | Associated Press 23.04.2017

    http://www.arkansasonline.com/news/2017/apr/23/doctors-arrest-brings-attention-us-female-circumci/?print

    http://www.sfgate.com/news/crime/article/Doctor-s-arrest-brings-attention-to-US-female-11092637.php

    ::

    Detroit 2017. Dr. Fakhruddin Attar besitzt die Privatklinik BMC (Burhani Medical Clinic) im Vorort Livonia, wo Dr. Jumana Nagarwala, so der Verdacht, illegale rituelle Genitalverstümmelungen (FGM) an Mädchen zwischen sechs und acht Jahren vornahm. Dritte verhaftete Person: Attars Ehefrau Farida.

  33. Jacques Auvergne Says:

    Indonesia

    la más alta instancia religiosa, siguen siendo favorables a la ablación

    the largest, Nahdlatul Ulama, and the country’s top Islamic authority the Indonesian Ulema Council (MUI) are still in favour
    .
    .

    Las Naciones Unidas la condenan y el gobierno indonesio trató una vez de prohibirla, pero la fuerte resistencia de las autoridades religiosas de este archipiélago del sureste asiático ha hecho imposible esta prohibición. […]

    Una opinión que comparte Jorirah Ali, miembro de la comisión nacional para prevenir y erradicar la violencia contra las mujeres. „Creo que en mi religión no hay ningún versículo que autorice la mutilación femenina, no está en el Corán“, declara esta mujer a la AFP. [ Islam funktioniert als Koran und Sunna … Hadith lesen. ]

    Pero la primera organización musulmana del país, Nahdlatul Ulama, y el Consejo de Ulemas, la más alta instancia religiosa, siguen siendo favorables a la ablación. [ NU & MUI ]

    Pese a las oposiciones, el fin de la mutilación genital femenina tiene pocas posibilidades de darse en Indonesia, dice a la AFP Jurnalis Uddin, experta en mutilaciones genitales femeninas. „Querer librarse totalmente de esta práctica es como nadar contra corriente“, destaca.

    La mutilación genital femenina, una pesadilla para millones de niñas en Indonesia | (AFP) | Redacción 180 (Montevideo, Uruguay) 27.03.2017

    http://www.180.com.uy/articulo/67476_la-mutilacion-genital-femenina-una-pesadilla-para-millones-de-ninas-en-indonesia

    ::

    Vgl. oben spanisch;
    englisch ebenfalls am 27.03.2017

    .

    […] The country’s second-biggest Muslim organisation, Muhammadiyah, discourages its followers from partaking in circumcision but the largest, Nahdlatul Ulama, and the country’s top Islamic authority the Indonesian Ulema Council (MUI) are still in favour. […]

    Jurnalis Uddin, an expert on female circumcision from Jakarta-based Yarsi University, and a member of the government’s advisory council, said the focus should be on encouraging the less harmful methods.

    „To get rid of the practice completely is like swimming against the current,“ he told AFP.

    Indonesian girl howls through circumcision as debate heats up | by: AFP | Daily Mail / Mail online 27.03.2017

    http://www.dailymail.co.uk/wires/afp/article-4351970/Indonesian-girl-howls-circumcision-debate-heats-up.html

    Prof. Dr. Jurnalis Uddin, dosen Anatomi.

    ___ps://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yayasan_YARSI

    Jurnalis Uddin

    https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jurnalis_Uddin

    ::

    Prof Jurnalis Uddin, Ketua Yayasan YARSI membahas panduan Kementrian Kesehatan Indonesia tentang khitan perempuan serta membandingkannya dengan kategori khitan perempuan WHO.

    ___ps://www.facebook.com/SBS.Radio.Indonesian/posts/296808373778733

    ::

    .

    Profil Prof. Dr. Jurnalis Uddin „Sunat Perempuan: Antara Agama dan Ilmu Kedokteran“

    Jurnal Perempuan

    Prof. Dr. Jurnalis Uddin adalah seorang spesialisasi anatomi, Guru Besar di Fakultas Kedokteran YARSI, sekaligus Ketua Yayasan YARSI. Ia juga menjabat Ketua Pusat Studi Wanita YARSI yang sekarang berubah nama menjadi Lembaga Studi Kependudukan dan Gender.

    Prof. Jurnalis Uddin sempat memenuhi ruang media di awal tahun 2013 atas hasil penelitiannya tentang sunat perempuan. Melalui penelitian tersebut Jurnalis Uddin menyatakan dukungannya terhadap Amnesty International yang melarang keras praktik sunat perempuan. Jurnalis Uddin tidak setuju dengan Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan tahun 2010 mengenai tata laksana khitan perempuan, yang justru memperbesar resiko kerugian pada perempuan yang dikhitan. Ia bahkan mendesak Kementerian Kesehatan segera mencabut peraturan Menteri Kesehatan tentang khitan perempuan. MUI kemudian merespons keras pendapatnya tersebut, dan justru memberi anjuran kepada masyarakat untuk melakukan khitan perempuan.

    Baca selengkapnya di JP Edisi 77 „Agama dan Seksualitas“ ___p://www.jurnalperempuan.org/toko-jp.html

    .
    .
    [ Ab hier mein Kommentar von vor einem Jahr ]
    .
    .

    Schafiitisch Junge oder Mädchen, unbeschnitten ist haram:

    „According to religion, an uncircumcised girl is considered dirty.”

    Alles wird gut (alles ist halal), das Volk hat verstanden. Wenn da nicht diese Vereinten Nationen wären und der jährliche sechste Februar. Man wisse um die sunat perempuan und verliere nicht sein Gesicht. Man kultiviere das tosende Blabla:

    „Former First Lady Sinta Nuriyah Wahid advocates for the elimination of FGM during a UNFPA conference in Jakarta.“

    Die einstige First Lady oder Ibu Negara, Landesmutter, war Ehefrau des 2009 verstorbenen indonesischen Politikers und Staatspräsidenten von 1999 bis 2001 Abdurrahman Wahid genannt Gus Dur. Dessen Großvater hatte die sunnitisch-schafiitische Nahdlatul Ulama (NU, nahḍatu l-ʿulamāʾ „Wiedererwachen der Gelehrten“) gegründet, die oft als antifundamentalistisch missverstanden wird und für allmähliche (und selbstredend globale) totalitäre Islamisierung steht. Zwischen 1984 und 1999 leitete Abdurrahman Wahid das Exekutivkomitee der NU. Mit einer Mitgliedschaft von über 30 Millionen Menschen ist die NU die größte schariatreue (islamische) NGO der Erde.

    “There really is no religious postulate for female circumcision, neither from the Al Quran nor from the Prophet’s sayings”

    Islamschönlügnerin Wahid am 17.09.2016 zu den Teilnehmern eines Seminars der UNFPA über die FGM in Jakarta, Tagungstitel: Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting: Discussions from Social-Cultural and Health Perspectives.
    ::
    ::

    UNFPA Indonesia

    Changing the Dialogue: Speaking Out Against Female Genital Mutilation in Indonesia

    03.02.2016

    JAKARTA, Indonesia – “The day before I was discharged by the midwife, my daughter was circumcised. She is now three weeks old. When she becomes an adult, she will pray five times a day and read the Al Quran,“ says Rosa, a young woman living in Jakarta, before expressing a common misconception in the country. „According to religion, an uncircumcised girl is considered dirty.”

    In many regions of Indonesia, the practice of female genital mutilation (FGM) is centuries old and deeply seeded, and many, like Rosa, mistakenly believe the procedure is a dictate of their religion.

    [Wieso mistakenly, fälschlich? Die FGM ist schafiitisch religiöse Pflicht und für die anderen Rechtsschulen mindestens ehrenwert.]

    The sixth of February marks the International Day of Zero Tolerance for FGM, and this February, Indonesia’s former First Lady Sinta Nuriyah Wahid’s, a devout Muslim, is leading a growing chorus in the country speaking out to counter this misconception and end the practice of FGM, which is recognized internationally as a violation of human rights.

    Die sunat perempuan ist wadschib. Lügen ohne rot zu werden:

    “There really is no religious postulate for female circumcision, neither from the Al Quran nor from the Prophet’s sayings,” said Madame Wahid, as she explained to the attendees of a UNFPA seminar on FGM in Jakarta why none of her four daughters – or six granddaughters – have been subjected to the procedure. “Culture is the result of careful thoughts that start with the virtue of human dignity. A tradition that does not contribute to [this virtue] is not a tradition that should become part of the national culture.” […]

    this Monday, 8 February, Indonesia’s Minister for Women’s Empowerment and Child Protection, Dr. Yohana Yambise will speak about the nation’s strengthened commitment to fighting the procedure at an International Day of Zero Tolerance for FGM event at the United Nations in New York. […]

    http://indonesia.unfpa.org/news/2016/02/changing-the-dialogue-speaking-out-against-female-genital-mutilation-in-indonesia

    ::

    […] The Indonesian Commission for Child Protection (KPAI) has called on the government to do more against FGM, starting by taking a clear stance on the matter.

    KPAI commissioner Maria Ulfah Anshor previously pointed outthat FGM is a violation of Indonesia’s child protection law as well as a number of human rights principles and international conventions that Indonesia has ratified.

    Maria Ulfah said in September last year that the government should act quickly and decisively by providing “complete, honest and accurate information about opinions on and the effects of female circumcision, so that people can steer clear from this dangerous practice.”

    Indonesia’s Minister for Women’s Empowerment and Child Protection, Yohana Yambise was slated attend a high-level event at the United Nations in New York on Monday to mark International Day of Zero Tolerance for Female Genital Mutilation, which falls on Feb. 6.

    The eradication of FGM by 2030 is part of the Sustainable Development Goals that world leaders, including the Indonesian government, agreed to last year.

    The fifth SDG, „Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls,“ specifically calls for the end of „all forms of discrimination against all women and girls everywhere“ and the elimination of „all harmful practices, such as child, early and forced marriage and female genital mutilations.“

    Din Syamsuddin, chairman of the Indonesian Ulema Council (MUI) and former longtime chairman of Muhammadiyah, is a member of the Sustainable Development Solution Network (SDSN), a UN initiative, representing the Islamic world.

    [Din Syamsuddin = Prof. Dr. KH. Muhammad Sirajuddin Syamsuddin]

    Adding to the confusion surrounding the government’s stance on the practice in Indonesia, MUI in 2008 issued a controversial fatwa that condoned FGM.

    The semi-official MUI is Indonesia’s top Islamic advisory body.

    Parents here mostly cite religious reasons for allowing the procedure, even as a growing number of religious leaders in Indonesia and elsewhere contend that there is no basis in Islam for FGM.

    (Unicef: 200 Million FGM Cases Worldwide, Many in Indonesia. The Jakarta Globe, 05.02.2016)

    http://jakartaglobe.beritasatu.com/news/unicef-200-million-fgm-cases-worldwide-many-indonesia/

    ::

    […] Jakarta. Din Syamsuddin, chairman of the Indonesian Ulema Council (MUI), has been selected to become a member of the Sustainable Development Solution Network (SDSN), to represent the Islamic world in the United Nations initiative that has been supporting work on the 17 newly agreed Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

    The former longtime chairman of Muhammadiyah, the nation’s second-largest socio-religious organization, was chosen in his capacity as a leader of the Religions for Peace organization, according to a press release by the Center for Dialogue and Cooperation Among Civilizations (CDCC), which he also chairs.

    The SDSN was launched by UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon in 2012 […]

    There are quite a few obstacles Indonesia will have to overcome to achieve any of the new SDGs, but Din could hit the ground running as his own MUI issued a controversial fatwa in 2008 condoning female genital mutilation (FGM), which is a direct challenge to development goal No. 5.

    Goal No. 5, „Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls,“ specifically calls for the end of „all forms of discrimination against all women and girls everywhere“ and the elimination of „all harmful practices, such as child, early and forced marriage and female genital mutilations.“

    FGM, mainly carried out for religious reasons, remains widespread in Indonesia […]

    (MUI’s Din Syamsuddin Joins UN Quest for Sustainable Development. The Jakarta Globe)

    http://jakartaglobe.beritasatu.com/news/muis-din-syamsuddin-joins-un-quest-sustainable-development/

    ::

    Din Syamsuddin
    Prof. Dr. KH. Muhammad Sirajuddin Syamsuddin

    Chairman of Muhammadiyah (2005–present)

    Chairman of the Center for Dialogue and Cooperation Among Civilizations / CDCC (2007–present)

    Member, Strategic Alliance Russia-based Islamic World (2006–present)

    Member, UK-Indonesia Islamic Advisory Group (2006–present)
    Chairman, World Peace Forum / WPF (2006–present)

    Honorary President, World Conference on Religions for Peace / WCRP, based in New York (2006–present)

    Vice Chairman of the MUI (2005–2010)

    Vice Chairman of the Central Advisory Board of ICMI (2005–2010)

    Vice Secretary General, World Islamic People’s Leadership [ WIPL ], based in Tripoli

    Member, World Council of World Islamic Call Society, based in Tripoli

    https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Din_Syamsuddin

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Din_Syamsuddin#Being_Chairman_of_Indonesian_Ulema_Council_Center

    Din Syamsuddin

    Muhammad Sirajuddin Syamsuddin (* 31.08.1958) ist ein indonesischer Politiker und Hochschullehrer, der zahlreiche Ämter bekleidet und sich am interreligiösen Dialog beteiligt. Er ist der Vorsitzende der Muhammadiyah, der größten modernistischen islamischen Organisation in Indonesien, und Generalsekretär des Indonesischen Ulema-Rates. Im Juli 2010 wurde er als Vorsitzender der Muhammadiyah für weitere fünf Jahre wiedergewählt. Er lehrt als Professor für Islamic Political Thought (Islamisches politisches Denken) an der Nationalen Islamischen Universität in Jakarta und ist Vorsitzender des Zentrums für Dialog und Zusammenarbeit zwischen den Zivilisationen (Center for Dialogue and Cooperation among Civilizations).

    Er studierte an der Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University Jakarta und promovierte später an der Universität von Kalifornien, Los Angeles (UCLA) in den Vereinigten Staaten.

    2008 war er einer der Delegationsteilnehmer des 2. Seminars des Katholisch-Muslimischen Forums.

    Er gilt in verschiedenen Bereichen als eine der einflussreichsten Persönlichkeiten innerhalb der muslimischen Welt.

    https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Din_Syamsuddin

    ::

    Majelis Ulama Indonesia (MUI)

    Prof Din Syamsuddin Resmi Jadi Ketua Umum MUI Menggantikan Almarhum KH Sahal Mahfudz […] [Din replaced Sahal Mahfuz who died on 24.01.2014.]

    Ma’ruf Amin

    ::

    In November 2010, the Indonesian Ministry of Health passed a regulation [No. 1636/MENKES/PER/XI/2010 regarding “Female Circumcision”] legitimizing the practice of female genital mutilation (FGM) and authorizing medical professionals to perform it.

    http://www.equalitynow.org/take_action/fgm_action431

    ::

    Patricia Tobon
    Patrícia Tobón Yagarí
    Maria Patrícia Tobón Yagarí

    http://www.un.org/spanish/News/story.asp?newsID=34401#.VrqystJ5N30

    ::

    [Wie denn nun, war Minister Heru P. Kasidi anwesend oder nicht, wenn ja, was hat er gegen die islamische FGM gesagt?]

    Indonesia’s Deputy Minister for Gender Equality Dr. Heru P. Kasidi and Patricia Tobón Yagarí, an Embera indigenous lawyer from Colombia.

    http://www.unfpa.org/es/node/13874

    Indonesia’s Deputy Minister for Gender Equality Dr. Heru P. Kasidi

    http://www.unfpa.org/fr/node/13893

    2014

    Women’s Roles and Participation in REDD+ Focus of Indonesian Gender and REDD+ Dialogue Event

    A dialogue event was held in Jakarta, Indonesia on 17 June 2014 on the topic of “Achieving Gender Equality in REDD+ Implementation”.

    Dr. Heru P. Kasidi, Deputy Minister for Gender Mainstreaming in Politics, Social and Law

    http://un-redd.org/Newsletter2014Issue3/IndonesianGenderREDD/tabid/133458/Default.aspx

    Dr. Heru KASIDI, Deputy, Ministry of Women’s Empowerment and Child Protection, Indonesia

    Klicke, um auf OECD_SEA_Regional_Forum_AGENDA.pdf zuzugreifen

    2007
    Dr Heru P. Kasidi, Assistant to Deputy Minister for EVAW, Ministry of Women Empowerment of Indonesia.

    http://unwomen-eseasia.org/News/Unifem_and_thai_gov_pressrelease.html

    ::

    [Die Ministerin heißt Yembise. Nicht Yambise. Aber wie denn nun, hat sich Ministerin Yembise im Februar 2016 in New York gegen die islamische FGM positioniert oder nicht?

    Mea culpa oder so, keine Fragen stellen, sondern sorgsam dosiert Ehre entbieten. Das Gesicht wahren.

    Wie geht es Ihren Kindern, ist die Kleine schon beschnitten?]

    […] Indonesia’s Minister for Women’s Empowerment and Child Protection, Dr. Yohana S. Yambise, and Patricia Tobón Yagarí, an Emberá indigenous lawyer from Colombia.

    (UNFPA zur diesjährigen Schönsprechveranstaltung International Day of Zero Tolerance for Female Genital Mutilation (FGM))

    http://www.unfpa.org/events/international-day-zero-tolerance-female-genital-mutilation

    Yohana Yembise
    Yohana Susana Yembise

    https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yohana_Yembise

    Yohana is first female Papuan minister

    (The Jakarta Post, 28.10.2014)

    http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2014/10/28/yohana-first-female-papuan-minister.html

    Yohana Susana Yembise: A first for Papua

    (The Jakarta Post, 26.04.2013)

    http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2013/04/26/yohana-susana-yembise-a-first-papua.html

    ::

    Nur Bewusstsein schaffen (raise awareness) soll reichen? Fordert die Ministerin, auch entgegen der schafiitischen Normativität (Scharia), die Mädchen wirklich gar nicht mehr zu beschneiden? FGM (sunat perempuan) ist Alltag, welche der existierenden Regelungen (regulations) also findet Menteri Yohana prima?

    Welche Anordnungen zur Islamic FGM sollen den Leuten 2016 bewusst (aware) gemacht werden? Wie viele weitere Jahre soll sich die indonesische Regierung irgendwie vorwärts (forward) bewegen? Was für einen Erfolg haben die durchgeführten staatlichen Programme (programs) denn gehabt?

    “In most cases, people aren’t even aware of the existence of regulations on FGM,” said Yohana Yembise. “Moving forward the Government will continue to conduct programmes to raise awareness among the medical and health workers to stop practicing any forms of FGM procedures.”

    Und wirklich jedwede (any) Form von FGM? Verstümmelung (mutilation) definiert durch MUI, Indonesiens Madschlis der Ulama?

    http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=53186#.Vrq7TdJ5N31

    http://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/blog/2016/02/un-event-mobilizes-action-toward-ending-female-genital-mutilation/

    Menteri Pemberdayaan Perempuan dan Perlindungan Anak

    Minister of Women Empowerment and Child Protection, Joan Yembise

    Minister für Women Empowerment und Kinderschutz, Johana Yembise

    ::

    […] The royal families of Java also employed a non-Arabic word for FGC such as kres or tetesan (‘pricking’). Among the orthodox Muslims, the term sunat perempuan or khitan perempuan (‘female circumcision’) is more commonly used, until today. […]

    The overwhelming majority of Muslims in Southeast Asia follow the Shafii school of law, which declares FGC as wajib, or obligatory.[…]

    Today, in Southeast Asian society, we are witnessing a growing trend towards institutionalising and medicalising FGC. In 2008, the Ministry of Health in Malaysia reported that 88 percent of their female staff had their daughters circumcised by doctors in the private practice. Another study in Indonesia revealed that 65 percent of FGC was performed in hospitals. In Singapore, a woman Muslim doctor admits to “circumcising five to six patients a day”, mostly babies and prepubescent children.

    In late 2006, the Ministry of Health in Indonesia banned doctors from performing the procedure based on the grounds that it was “potentially harmful”, but this ban was not enforced. Hospitals continue to offer sunat perempuan for baby girls, sometimes as part of “birth packages” which also included vaccinations and ear piercing. Yayasan Assalaam, an Islamic foundation that runs a mosque and several schools, also links the practice to celebrating the birthday of Prophet Muhammad, and even provides incentives like money and food to parents who bring their daughters to their annual sunat ceremony.

    In Malaysia, the Fatwa Committee of Malaysia’s National Council of Islamic Religious Affairs ruled in 2009 that female circumcision, was “obligatory for Muslims but if harmful must be avoided”. More recently, in Indonesia, the Indonesian Council of Ulema ruled in favour of female circumcision and added that although it cannot be considered mandatory, it is still “morally recommended”. The leader of this council however warned to avoid “excesses” in the removal or cutting of the clitoris — […]. A similar advice is given by the Islamic Religious Authority of Singapore on their website. […]

    (“A Tiny Cut”: Female Circumcision in South East Asia. Von: Sya Taha, 12.03.2013)

    http://theislamicmonthly.com/a-tiny-cut-female-circumcision-in-south-east-asia/

    ::

    the „tetesan“ – as it is called in the country […] The the Muslim intellectual Sumanto Al Qurtuby says the faction that supports tetesan is linked to the Salafi and Wahhabi [also ziemlich genau der hanbalitische Fiqh] community, which together with other fundamentalist groups are concentrated in Bandung and Aceh. They believe that circumcision is „morally“ encouraged by Sharia, or Islamic law, and reiterated in the hadith, in anecdotes related to the life of the Prophet Muhammad. […]

    The author of this article in his youth, when he was about eight years old, witnessed firsthand circumcision practiced on a young girl, forced by her parents (Muslims) to submit to the „Islamic ritual.“ Rather than doing it in a private and appropriately sterilized room – as I recall – the act of female circumcision was carried out in the open air, her feet on the ground, while the genital organ was removed with a razor blade. The little girl began to scream in pain, as a stream of blood oozed from the wound. At the end of the rite, I remember that the family offered a kind of celebration of the „thank you“ to neighbors, for taking part in the „Islamic ritual.“

    An opinion poll carried out by the government in 2003 confirmed that the practice of female genital mutilation is still widespread in rural areas. […]

    (Mathias Hariyadi: Java, radical Islam in favor of female genital mutilation. AsiaNews (katholisch), 12.07.2012)

    http://www.asianews.it/news-en/Java,-radical-Islam-in-favor-of-female-genital-mutilation-26563.html

    ::

    […] The sixth of February marks the International Day of Zero Tolerance for FGM, and this February, Indonesia’s former First Lady Sinta Nuriyah Wahid’s, a devout Muslim, is leading a growing chorus in the country speaking out to counter this misconception and end the practice of FGM, which is recognized internationally as a violation of human rights.

    “There really is no religious postulate for female circumcision, neither from the Al Quran nor from the Prophet’s sayings,” said Madame Wahid, as she explained to the attendees of a UNFPA seminar on FGM in Jakarta why none of her four daughters – or six granddaughters – have been subjected to the procedure. “Culture is the result of careful thoughts that start with the virtue of human dignity. A tradition that does not contribute to [this virtue] is not a tradition that should become part of the national culture.” […]

    “Many countries have passed laws to criminalize FGM; however, legislation alone cannot solve the problem,” sayid Dr. Ahmed Ragaa Abdel-Hameed Ragab, a professor from the International Islamic Centre for Population Studies and Research at Cairo’s Al-Azhar University. “FGM can only be abolished by a grass-roots approach that involves community education and takes into consideration all aspects of a particular culture and tries to work within that system of beliefs to eradicate this practice.”

    In 2014, researchers at Jakarta’s YARSI University conducted a study along with UNFPA to better understand FGM practices throughout the country and help develop a new, more comprehensive plan to eliminate the procedure. Then in September 2015, UNFPA convened the seminar in Jakarta, attended by Madame Wahid and nearly 100 others, entitled Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting: Discussions from Social-Cultural and Health Perspectives. […]

    http://www.unfpa.org/fr/node/13893

    ::

    [Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting: Discussions from Social-Cultural and Health Perspectives. UNFPA-Seminar zur FGM. Jakarta am 17.09.2015, Jakarta on 17 Sept.]

    […] Prof. Jurnalis Uddin from YARSI University Indonesia presented findings from a study, which was supported by UNFPA Indonesia, aimed at determining whether the 2010 government regulation on female circumcision had been effective as a harm-reduction strategy. Women, men, midwives, traditional practitioners, religious leaders and Islamic jurists were approached to obtain a better understanding of their knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding FGM/C.

    “FGM/C can only be abolished by a grassroots approach which involves community education and takes into consideration all aspects of a particular culture and tries to work within that system of beliefs to eradicate this practice,” explained Prof. Ahmed Ragaa Abd El-Hameed Ragab from the International Islamic Center for Population Studies and Research (IICPSR) at Al Azhar University in Egypt during his presentation, where he discussed FGM/C from the context of health, religion and culture.

    “Many countries have passed laws to to criminalize FGM/C , among them Egypt. However, legislation alone cannot solve the problem. The IICPSR at Al-Azhar University was founded in 1975 to disseminate the true stand of Islam regarding issues of reproductive health and explored the issue from an Islamic perspective and published several publications addressing it. In addition, IICPSR designed and implemented several programmes in Egypt and Somalia to eradicate this practice.” […]

    Former first lady and human rights activist H.E. Madame Sinta Nuriyah Wahid discussed some of the traditional motives and Islam and FGM/C procedures in Indonesia during her keynote speech, adding that she hoped the seminar would start a conversation.

    Sinta, who raised four daughters with the late fourth president of Indonesia, Abdurrahman ‘Gus Dur’ Wahid, described how her children grew up in a traditional pesantren (Islamic boarding school) environment. Their grandfather, Wahid Hasyim, was a religious affairs minister in the Sukarno era and their great-grandfather, Hasyim Asy’ari, founded Nahdlatul Ulama – currently the biggest religious organization in the country.

    Despite this, none of Sinta’s daughters or six granddaughters was subjected to the treatment, which many in Indonesia strongly believe is an integral part of the faith.

    “There really is no religious postulate for female circumcision, neither from the Koran nor from the prophet’s sayings,” explained Sinta during her keynote address, with various religious experts at the seminar concurring. “That is why I am confident that the nahdliyin [followers of NU] will not circumcise their daughters. I hope this seminar will contribute to ideas and recommendations of action to reduce the practice of female circumcision.” […]

    UNFPA

    http://indonesia.unfpa.org/news/2015/09/fgm-in-indonesia-discussions-from-a-social-cultural-and-health-perspective-

    .
    .
    .

    Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) verlangt sunat perempuan
    Indonesian Ulema Council (MUI) verlangt sunat perempuan

    FGM? Aberdashatnichtsmitdemislamzutun …

  34. Jacques Auvergne Says:

    (2014) „Unterschriften wurden parallel an die indonesische Botschaft in Berlin und an das Gesundheitsministerium in Jakarta, Indonesien überreicht. […]

    [E]in Gesetz gegen weibliche Genitalverstümmelung halten [ die Regierungsvertreter ] nicht für notwendig. Die Überzeugung, dass jede Form von weiblicher Genitalverstümmelung eine Menschenrechtsverletzung darstellt wurde nicht geteilt.“

    .

    Indonesien. Im Staat mit der größten muslimischen Bevölkerung der Erde, nahezu ausschließich Sunniten der schafiitischen Rechtsschule, werden alle kinder – Jungen und Mädchen – religiös begründet beschnitten (genital verstümmelt).

    Februar 2014, die deutsche Frauenrechtsorganisation Terre des Femmes (TdF) schreibt eine dürre Petition gegen Indonesiens islamische weibliche Genitalverstümmelung und sammelt monatelang Unterschriften gegen FGM. Mehr oder weniger desinteressiert signiert man. Gegen Jahresende ist die Aktion vorbei und der Botschaft in Berlin wurden die Unterschriftenlisten überreicht.

    Der Botschafter hat besseres zu tun, doch Botschaftsmitarbeiterin Lefianna H. Ferdinandus erbarmt sich der Vertreter der Anti-FGM-Kampagne und nimmt die Listen entgegen. Und redet Klartext und schickte TdF nach Hause.

    Das geschah vor zweieinhalb Jahren. Geändet hat sich nichts in Südostasien. Fiqh nach Imam asch-Schafii. Seit tausend Jahren werden jeden Tag Mädchen beschnitten. FGM ist Religion.

    TdF über den Auftritt in Berlin vor der Botschaft:

    „Vom 6. Februar bis 10. Dezember 2014 lief die Unterschriftenaktion „Weibliche Genitalverstümmelung in Indonesien – Schutz statt Verharmlosung“ von TERRE DES FEMMES, Watch Indonesia! und Kalyanamitra. Zwischen dem weltweiten Tag ‚Null Toleranz gegenüber weiblicher Genitalverstümmelung‘ und dem internationalen Tag der Menschenrechte haben über 13.000 Menschen aus 73 Ländern unsere Petition unterzeichnet. […]

    Das Gesundheitsministerim nahm bei diesem Termin das Schreiben entgegen, wird von der Botschaft in Berlin die Unterschriften erhalten […]

    Nach der Übergabe der Unterschriften haben wir mit der Leiterin der politischen Abteilung der indonesischen Botschaft Lefianna H. Ferdinandus und weiteren Botschaftsangestellten ausführlich diskutiert, da der Botschafter terminlich verhindert war. Der Bedarf einer Aufklärungskampagne in Indonesien wurde zwar bestätigt, auch plant die Regierung eine landesweite Studie doch ein Gesetz gegen weibliche Genitalverstümmelung halten sie nicht für notwendig. Die Überzeugung, dass jede Form von weiblicher Genitalverstümmelung eine Menschenrechtsverletzung darstellt wurde nicht geteilt.

    Allahs Schöpfungsordnung und Gesetzlichkeit (Scharia) verstümmelt nicht.

    https://www.frauenrechte.de/online/index.php/themen-und-aktionen/weibliche-genitalverstuemmelung2/unser-engagement/aktivitaeten/6-februar/unterschriftenaktion-fgm

    „Einen Menschenrechtsansatz auf der Basis einer kultur- und geschlechter-sensiblen Perspektive in die Debatte einzuführen.“

    https://www.frauenrechte.de/online/index.php/themen-und-aktionen/weibliche-genitalverstuemmelung2/united-to-end-fgm

    ::

    .

    (FGM is a rising [ religious ] practice in southern Thailand and, with little regulation, concerns are at an all-time high.)

    By: Gabrielle Paluch | Al Jazeera 02.04.2015

    Female genital cutting in Thailand’s south

    Yala, Thailand – „Just a little,“ Dr Patimoh Umasa says, pinching the tip of her finger showing how she cuts the clitorises of small girls.

    […] Umasa uses a sterile size-11 surgical blade, and performs the procedure for free, because she says it’s a religious procedure.

    […] Like others, Dr Umasa believes that the procedure, if done by a doctor, should not be considered mutilation. […]

    .

    .

    Imam Abdullah Abu-Bakr of the Committee of Islamic Council of Yala says Muslims in the south are more observant than their co-religionists in Bangkok, because there are more foreign-educated imams and fewer distractions, such as the entertainment hub of Bangkok.

    He himself was educated in Syria and Malaysia.

    Thailand’s fatwa committee has not issued a fatwa surrounding the practice of sunat, but Imam Abdullah says everybody knows the practice is required for boys, typically in a public ceremony around age seven, and though is not absolutely required of women, it is something all women should do. […]

    http://www.aljazeera.com/news/asia-pacific/2015/03/female-genital-cutting-thailand-south-150309083458995.html

    ::

    [ sunat perempuan ]

    Claudia Merli
    Department of Cultural Anthropology and Ethnology
    Uppsala University

    Circumcision is obligatory (wādjib) according to al-Shāfi’ī and many of the doctors, sunna according to Mālik and the majority of them. It is further, according to al-Shāfi’ī, equally obligatory for males and females. As regards males it is obligatory to cut off the whole skin which covers the glans, so that this latter is fully denudated. As regards females, it is obligatory to cut off a small part of the skin in the highest part of the genitals (Wensinck 1986:20).

    Merli, Claudi (2008). „Sunat for girls in southern Thailand: its relation to traditional midwifery, male circumcision and other obstetrical practices.“ (PDF). Finnish Journal of Ethnicity and Migration. 3 (2): 32–41. Retrieved 11 August 2015.

    Klicke, um auf 5302.pdf zuzugreifen

    ::

    Kuala Lumpur […] A big day awaits Najwa’s daughter – in accordance with Islamic law, her clitoris will be cut off. […]

    “I just take a needle and slit off the top of the clitoris, but it is very little, just one millimeter,” says Dr. Mighilia describing the surgery, and admitting that every now and then, she also performs a more severe circumcision. […]

    In 2009, the National Fatwa Council announced that female circumcision was obligatory for all Muslims. […]

    In accordance with the local version of Islam it is wajib – obligatory. The sunat, as the procedure is referred to in Malay

    Malaysia: Female genital mutilation on the rise | By: Zofia Reych | ASEAN Today 22.06.2016

    https://www.aseantoday.com/2016/06/malaysia-female-genital-mutilation/

    ::

    Ohne Chitan keine Tahara

    http://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-2/khitan-SIM_4296?s.num=38&s.au=%22Wensinck%2C+A.J.%22&s.f.s2_parent_title=Encyclopaedia+of+Islam%2C+Second+Edition

    ILMU TARIKH AL-MUTUN
    Disusun oleh: Muhammad Kahfi al-Banna

    [ khitan perempuan ]

    http://islamology-quranhadisresearch.blogspot.de/2014/01/ilmu-tarikh-al-mutun.html

  35. Edward von Roy Says:

    Even the least invasive form of female ‘circumcision’ amounts to a major violation of a woman’s physical integrity, with serious consequences to her health.

    Internationally, some organisations prefer to use the term ‘female genital cutting’ (FGC) which they consider to be less derogatory to those affected. Others coin words like ‘female genital alteration’ (FGA) and promote the idea of „accepting de minimis non-therapeutic FGA“ as a so-called „compromise solution“ (Kavita Shah Arora and Allan J Jacobs).

    Nevertheless, the term ‘mutilation’ is employed by human rights activists and international organisations such as the Inter-African Committee (IAC) to underscore the seriousness of the intervention. The term FGC (female genital circumcision), however, obscures the serious physical and psychological effects of ritual genital mutilation on women.

    Classification of FGM (2007). Female genital mutilation comprises all procedures involving partial or total removal of the external female genitalia or other injury to the female genital organs for non-medical reasons (WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA, 1997).The WHO/UNICEF/UNFPA Joint Statement classified female genital mutilation into four types.

    Classification of female genital mutilation. The complete typology with sub-divisions:

    Type I — Partial or total removal of the clitoris and/or the prepuce (clitoridectomy). When it is important to distinguish between the major variations of Type I mutilation, the following subdivisions are proposed:
    Type Ia, removal of the clitoral hood or prepuce only;
    Type Ib, removal of the clitoris with the prepuce.
    Type II — Partial or total removal of the clitoris and the labia minora, with or without excision of the labia majora (excision). When it is important to distinguish between the major variations that have been documented, the following subdivisions are proposed:
    Type IIa, removal of the labia minora only;
    Type IIb, partial or total removal of the clitoris and the labia minora;
    Type IIc, partial or total removal of the clitoris, the labia minora and the labia majora.
    Type III — Narrowing of the vaginal orifice with creation of a covering seal by cutting and appositioning the labia minora and/or the labia majora, with or without excision of the clitoris (infibulation). When it is important to distinguish between variations in infibulations, the following subdivisions are proposed:
    Type IIIa, removal and apposition of the labia minora;
    Type IIIb, removal and apposition of the labia majora.
    Type IV — All other harmful procedures to the female genitalia for non-medical purposes, for example: pricking, piercing, incising, scraping and cauterization.

    (source: WHO)

    Some Indonesian Sunni clerics of the MUI (Majelis Ulama Indonesia) and some Shia clerics of Dawoodi Bohra seem to demand that the „sunna“ circumcision of girls (khitan al-inath; khitan wanita; sunat perempuan) should be permissible world wide. In the US, above-mentioned Kavita Arora and Allan Jacobs argue that mild forms of “FGA” do not constitute a human rights violation, and thus promote that some of those forms could be offered and tolerated as a “compromise” to protect children from more extensive forms of “FGA“, allowing parents to uphold cultural and religious practices “without sacrificing the health and well-being of female children“. This development must be stopped.

    Every form of FGM should be banned everywhere. To achieve this, it is indispensable to talk about mutilation, and not to hide or trivialize the anti-feminist and anti-childish practice with terms such as circumcision (FGC) or alteration (FGA). There’s no such thing as ‚mild‘ or ‚minor‘ or ‚de minimis‘ FGM. ‚Zero Tolerance to Female Genital Mutilation (FGM)‘ means zero tolerance even to the less invasive forms of FGM.

    „States Parties shall take all effective and appropriate measures with a view to abolishing traditional practices prejudicial to the health of children.“ OHCHR | Convention on the Rights of the Child (Article 24)

  36. Jacques Auvergne Says:

    [ Syedna Taher Fakhruddin. Khuzaima Qutbuddin passed away on 30 March 2016 and appointed his son Taher Fakhruddin as his successor, who claims that he succeeded his father as the 54th Da’i al-Mutlaq. The rival claimants are currently fighting a declaration suit in the Hon’ble Bombay High Court. ]

    Khatna „by choice as an adult“ – who is an adult?

    Dauerbrenner Dawudi Bohra und FGM. Volljährigkeit oder Erwachsensein (adulthood) im Sinne von islamisch erwachsen? Die durch Syedna Taher Fakhruddin angeführte Scharia kennt weibliche Volljährigkeit. Erwachsen bedeutet neun Jahre alt (neun Mondjahre). Der Syedna erweckt den Eindruck 18 Jahre. Oder 16? Oder 14 oder zwölf Jahre? Beginnen wir gar nicht erst das Feilschen um die Fähigkeit zum genitalautonomen Einwilligen (age of consent), bleiben wir bei achtzehn. 18, Herr Fakhruddin?

    (Syed bedeutet spiritueller Führer, Syedna Unser spiritueller Führer. Syed means a leader, and Syedna means our leader.)

    Syedna clarified his stand on the female genetic mutilation issue saying it should not be made compulsory to the young girls, but allow then to decide once they reach adulthood. “Khatna is a practice condemned in the law of Islam, in our faith it is different from FGM, but it was misused, like many who wrongly used the oral triple talaq. We follow the law of the land and this law must prevail,” said Syedna Fakhruddin. He added, “Women can reach adulthood and do as per their choice. Any surgical procedure done by choice as an adult is not illegal as per Sharia law.”

    Taqiyya, fromme (hier schiitische) Notlüge: „Das Islamische Recht verurteilt die Praxis weiblicher Beschneidung. Khatna is a practice condemned in the law of Islam“.

    Den Sunniten ist die Chatna religiös empfohlen (hanafitisch, malikitisch, ggf. hanbalitisch) oder religiöse Pflicht (asch-Schafii).

    Einen 54. Dāʿʿī al-Muṭlaq gibt es noch nicht.

    Der – amtierende – 53rd Da’i al-Mutlaq hat auf die eigene (Dawudi Bohra) Pflicht zur Mädchenbeschneidung bei den (sunnitischen) Schafiiten hingewiesen. Ein paar Tage später ergänzte Mufaddal Saifuddin, dass der Muslim im Sinne des geltenden Rechts gesetzestreu leben soll, das staatliche Recht hat er gemeint nehmen wir einmal an, das offizielle staatliche).

    In der Hanbaliyya wird Chitan al-inath islamisch (religionsrechtlich) eingestuft als gelobt oder verpflichtend, je nach Scheich.

    Fakhruddin – 53rd Da’i al-Mutlaq – erfindet einen Bereich Chatna, in die offensichtlich lediglich FGM Typ III passt, Infibulation. Diese als einzige ist mit islamischer Begründung tatsächlich nicht zu machen.

    [ Vgl. aber die Presseerklärung. Der Rivale des 53. definiert – die autoritativen Texte geben das nicht her – mit Chatna lediglich eine FGM Typ Ia der WHO-Klassifikation; Syedna Taher Fakhruddin: CDH (clitoral de-hooding) or CHR (clitoral hood reduction). ]

    Talaq. Der – angeblich irgendwie falsch verstandene – Talaq muss auch weg aus den geltenden Paragraphen, das gesamte islamische Familienrecht (nicht nur der triple talaq).

    Mumbai: FGM for young girls and oral triple talaq discouraged by Syedna Taher Fakhruddin | By Staff Reporter | The Free Press Journal (Indian National Press, Bombay) 2017

    http://www.freepressjournal.in/mumbai/mumbai-fgm-for-young-girls-and-oral-triple-talaq-discouraged-by-syedna-taher-fakruddin/1040456

    Syed means a leader, and Syedna means our leader.

    http://www.islamhelpline.net/node/1239

    [ Sahiyo und Fakhruddin ]

    Sahiyo and Speak Out On FGM welcome the statement by Syedna Taher Fakhruddin of the Fatemi Dawat, which calls for the disallowing of FGC/khatna of the girl child.

    […] In this context we welcome the disallowing of khatna of minor girls. What their statement also says is that the CDH (clitoral de-hooding) procedure will be an elective procedure for the legal adult woman and not compulsory or enforced. We also would like to emphasise that it is not generally a medical necessity and can be done only if necessary on medical advice.

    We also appeal to all the leaders of the other Bohra sects to pay heed to the voices of so many women and call for an end to FGM/FGC/khatna.

    Joint statement on Syedna Taher Fakhruddin’s stand against khatna

    [ Aus der Presseerklärung des rivalisierenden Da’i al-Mutlaq ]

    In his statement, the rival Syedna says, „In view of the trauma that many girls undergo when this procedure is carried out, and in keeping with the law of the land, khafz (khatna) of girls should only be allowed after they attain legal adulthood, after which they are free to make their individual decision whether to do the medically, legally and religiously sanctioned CDH or CHR procedures (analogous to khafz).“

    He also claims that CDH (clitoral de-hooding) or CHR (clitoral hood reduction) are procedures that are „in line with the faith tradition which says that if the procedure is done, it should not be done when the girl is a minor.“ […]

    Clinically, clitoral de-hooding is a minor genital surgical procedure to remove excess prepuce tissue or reduce the skin overhanging the clitoris to heighten sexual experience. This theory contradicts that offered by those favouring FGM who describe it as a means to curb sexual desire.

    Rival Syedna denounces female genital mutilation, kindles hope | Mohua Das (Times of India Reporter) | TNN 07.05.2016

    http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/Rival-Syedna-denounces-female-genital-mutilation-kindles-hope/articleshow/52168301.cms

    [ Presseerklärung des rivalisierenden Da’i al-Mutlaq ]

    Office of the 54th Dai al-Mutlaq his holiness Syedna Taher Fakhruddin

    Ahmedabad, 13 May (SMS PR Agency)

    His Holiness
    Syedna Taher Fakhruddin
    Saheb TUS has always been
    concerned about the protec-
    tion of the rights of women
    and especially
    girl children
    in the community. Syedna
    Fakhruddin Saheb wishes to
    issue this statement now to
    clear the confusion caused
    by misguided statem
    ents
    made by those who have
    usurped control of the com-
    munity. They have made
    statements contrary to the
    faith limiting the education of
    the girl child, forcing a glass
    ceiling on the role women play
    in society, and undermining
    the position women have in
    a marriage. Women in the
    community have been bring-
    ing their plight to Syedna
    Fakhruddin Saheb, espe-
    cially a group of women who
    have recently brought to
    Syedna Fakhruddin Saheb’s
    attention the trauma which
    girl children undergo when
    circumcision (khafz] is carried
    out in an irregular and im-
    proper fashion for many years.
    In view of the trauma that
    many girls undergo when this
    procedure is carried out, and
    in keeping with the law of the
    land, Syedna Taher
    Fakhruddin Saheb says that
    khafz (khatna) of girls should
    only be allowed after they at-
    tain legal
    adulthood, after
    which they are free to make
    their individual decision
    whether to do the, medi-
    cally, legally and religiously
    sanctioned CDH or CHR pro-
    cedures (analogous to
    khafz]. This is in line with
    the faith tradition which says
    that if the procedure is done
    it should not be done when
    the girl is a minor. In con-
    trast, Female Genital
    Muti-
    lation (FGM) is an un-Islamic
    and horrific practice that
    Syedna Fakhruddin Saheb
    condemns categorically. His
    Holiness the late Dr. Syedna
    Taher Saifuddin Saheb RA,
    the 5151 Dai al-Mutlaq, in the
    early part of the 1900s, seeing
    the law of the land and the
    needs of modern society, clari-
    fied several temporal tradi-
    tions of the faith. For example,
    he gave clear instructions to
    the community that men and
    women should be allowed to
    marry only after they reach
    legal adulthood, even though
    the faith tradition allows them
    to be married after attaining
    physical maturity. It goes with-
    out saying that these instruc-
    tions have continued and con-
    tinue to be given today by
    Syedna Fakhruddin Saheb.

    Garvi Gujarat (Published Daily from Ahmedabad) 14.05.2016

    Klicke, um auf 14-05-2016%20ED.pdf zuzugreifen

  37. 1+1=2 Says:

    Jumana Nagarwala
    From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

    Dr. Jumana Nagarwala is an Indian-American physician who, in 2017, became the first person charged under the United States law criminalizing female genital mutilation. [1] Nagarwala is a Dawoodi Bohra, a member of the only religious community in India to regularly practice FGM. [2]

    Contents

    1 Accusations
    2 Education and professional experience
    3 References
    4 External Links and Further Reading

    Accusations

    Nagarwala, licensed in Michigan, was accused of cutting the genitals of two Minnesota girls who traveled to Michigan with their mothers on what they had been told was a „special girls‘ trip“. [3] They were instead taken to a clinic in Livonia, where Nagarwala operated on them. According to the criminal complaint against her, she is also accused of being complicit in the transportation of minors across state lines in order to commit a sexual crime on them, because two of her alleged victims were brought by their parents from Minnesota to Michigan for the procedure, and the parents communicated with her several times before bringing them. She faces a possible sentence of life in prison if convicted of transportation; also each of the mutilation charges carries a possible five-year sentence; additionally, she is accused of lying to a Federal law-enforcement agent about female genital mutilation. [4] The criminal complaint also states that several other young girls have informed Child Protective Services that Nagarwala has operated on their genitals, although the criminal complaint only directly accuses her of mutilating two girls.

    She was denied bail on the grounds that the court considers her a danger to the community and a flight risk.[5]

    The owners of the clinic where the mutilations were allegedly done, Dr. Fakhruddin Attar and his wife, Farida Attar, have been arrested and accused of being accomplices.[6][7]

    Education and professional experience

    She earned her medical degree from Johns Hopkins, graduating in 1998.[2]

    She has worked as an assistant director of the emergency medicine residency program at the Henry Ford Hospital in Detroit.[2]

    References

    1.
    https://www.justice.gov/usao-edmi/press-release/file/957376/download

    2.
    https://www.forbes.com/sites/ritarubin/2017/04/14/doctor-charged-with-female-genital-mutilation-has-published-research-overseen-residents/#cc43ce162241

    3.
    http://www.detroitnews.com/story/news/local/detroit-city/2017/04/13/doctor-charged-genital-mutilation/100416734/

    4.
    See „External Links“ section below.

    5.
    http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-4421648/Detroit-doctor-charged-genital-mutilation-denied-bail.html

    6.
    http://detroit.cbslocal.com/2017/04/21/two-more-doctors-charges-with-female-genital-mutilation-on-girls-6-8-years-old/

    7.
    http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/nationworld/midwest/ct-detroit-female-genital-mutilation-case-20170421-story.html

    External Links and Further Reading

    The criminal complaint against Dr. Nagarwala

    The criminal complaint against Dr. Attar et al.

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jumana_Nagarwala

  38. STOP FGM | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jumana_Nagarwala | Female genital mutilation in the United States Says:

    Die Online-Enzyklopädie Wikipedia beinhaltet den Eintrag

    Jumana Nagarwala

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jumana_Nagarwala

    Weibliche Genitalverstümmelung in den USA | Wikipedia verlinkt zu Jumana Nagarwala

    Female genital mutilation in the United States

    Female genital mutilation in the United States occurs across the country. Female genital mutilation (FGM) is defined as „all procedures that involve partial or total removal of the external female genitalia, or other injury to the female genital organs for non-medical reasons.“

    In April 2017, Jumana Nagarwala, a female doctor working at the Henry Ford Hospital in Detroit was charged with allegedly performing FGM in a medical clinic in Livonia, Michigan, on two girls who had traveled there from Minnesota with their parents. She denied the charge. This was the first federal prosecution for female genital mutilation in US history.

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Female_genital_mutilation_in_the_United_States

  39. Jacques Auvergne Says:

    200 millions – die heute allein korrekte Zahl
    140 million women and girls – die falsche Zahl
    130 Millionen Mädchen und Frauen – falsche Zahl
    .
    .

    Detroit, USA (2017), islamische weibliche Genitalverstümmelung (FGM) wurde begangen durch Frau Nagarwala und die Eheleute Attar. Alle drei, zurzeit in Haft, morgen ist Gerichtsverhandlung, sind schiitische Dawudi Bohra aus dem Aktivistenkreis der örtlichen Andschuman-e-Nadschmi-Moschee, in der auch Herr Nagarwala Verantwortung trägt.

    130 Millionen (2015). Zahl inzwischen veraltet, d. h. heute falsch.

    Die weibliche Genitalverstümmelung ist und bleibt eine schwere Menschenrechtsverletzung. Laut UNICEF leben 130 Millionen Mädchen und Frauen mit den Folgen des Eingriffs.

    http://www.auswaertiges-amt.de/DE/Infoservice/Presse/Meldungen/2015/150206_MRHH_FGM.html

    Desinformation leider noch bei Terre des Femmes (TdF)

    Weltweit sind 130 Millionen Mädchen und Frauen von weiblicher Genitalverstümmelung (engl.: Female Genital Mutilation, kurz FGM) betroffen

    Klicke, um auf Hintergrundinformationen_FGM.pdf zuzugreifen

    : : : :

    200 Millionen, mehr als 200 Millionen Mädchen und Frauen

    On estime que plus de 200 millions de jeunes filles et de femmes, toujours en vie, ont été victimes de mutilations sexuelles pratiquées dans 30 pays africains, du Moyen Orient et de l’Asie où ces pratiques sont concentrées.

    http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs241/fr/

    At least 200 million girls and women alive today living in 30 countries have undergone FGM/C

    unicef

    https://data.unicef.org/topic/child-protection/female-genital-mutilation-and-cutting/

    Female Genital Mutilation/ Cutting Country Profiles

    https://data.unicef.org/resources/female-genital-mutilation-cutting-country-profiles/

    INDONESIA
    STATISTICAL PROFILE ON FEMALE GENITAL MUTILATION/CUTTING

    file:///C:/Users/dell/AppData/Local/Temp/Temp1_FGMC-Country-Profiles.zip/FGMC_IDN.pdf

    200 Millionen, das kann jeder wissen und das sollte man schreiben.

    Leider verwendet die über Jumana Nagarwala berichtende Presse in Detroit gestern die veraltete, die falsche Zahl und wirft das Wort Afrika ein.

    […] Worldwide, an estimated 140 million women and girls have undergone the procedure, according to the World Health Organization. More than 3 million girls in Africa undergo the procedure each year. […]

    [ and in Malaysia, Thailand, Indonesia, Iraq, Iran, Yemen, Saudi-Arabia, Syria ]

    Nagarwala is accused of mutilating the genitalia of two 7-year-old girls who were brought from Minnesota to Metro Detroit for the controversial procedure.

    She has denied cutting the girls, saying she merely performed a religious procedure that involved removing and then burying skin in the ground.

    Nagarwala, 44, a Henry Ford Health System emergency room physician from Northville, is accused of performing the procedure at a Livonia clinic.

    The clinic is owned by Dr. Fakhruddin Attar, 52, who has served as treasurer and a leader of the Farmington Hills mosque, according to the Anjuman-e-Najmi website.

    Attar and his wife, Farida, are charged with conspiracy to commit female genital mutilation and aiding and abetting female genital mutilation.

    The couple are scheduled to appear in federal court at 1 p.m. Wednesday, when a judge could release them on bond.

    Muslim group urges mosque to condemn genital mutilation | By Robert Snell | The Detroit News 25.04.2017

    http://www.detroitnews.com/story/news/local/detroit-city/2017/04/25/mosque-faces-genital-mutilation-backlash/100914374/

    : : : :

    12:42 – 21.04.2017 aus Detroit, MI
    Robert Snell‏ @robertsnellnews

    Update: Arrests in female genital mutilation case provide yet another link to Metro Detroit mosque

    .

    https://twitter.com/i/web/status/855506932144144389

  40. Speramus Meliora • Resurget Cineribus Says:

    Anhörung zur Verhaftung für die Attars ist für Mittwoch um 1 Uhr ET.
    Vorläufige Gerichtsuntersuchung für Nagarwala Donnerstag um 1 Uhr ET vorgesehen.
    Gegen die Eltern der Mädchen ist [noch] keine Anklage erhoben worden. [Hoffentlich geschieht das bald.]

    A detention hearing for the Attars is scheduled for Wednesday at 1 p.m. ET.
    A preliminary court examination for Nagarwala is scheduled for Thursday at 1 p.m. ET.
    No charges have been filed against the parents of the girls.

    http://edition.cnn.com/2017/04/22/health/detroit-genital-mutilation-charges/

    ///

    .

    Nous espérons des temps meilleurs • Elle renaîtra des cendres
    We hope for better things • It will rise from the ashes

  41. Peninsulam Amœnam Says:

    Islamic FGM
    .
    .

    Islamic religious experts on female circumcision

    Debating the controversial topic of female circumcision/mutilation are Malika Zarrar (lecturer on Islamic religious law) and Muhammad Wahdan (Al Azhar university lecturer), both Egyptian residents.

    .

    ::

    Abu Usamah – Female circumcision (1)

    .

    ::

    Haitham al-Haddad – Female circumcision

    .

    ::

    Bilal Philips – Is Female Circumcision Allowed in Islam?

    Yes, Prophet Mohammad […] limited it to only a nick. A nick that would not affect the woman’s ability to enjoy the blessing of sexual relations and marriage

    .

    .

    ___ps://www.facebook.com/DrBilalPhilips/videos/10154006552909089/

    .

    “Yes, Prophet Mohammad (…) did approve, he did approve of female circumcision in [the City of] Madeena [ Medina ] when it was presented to him, but he limited it to only a nick. A nick that would not affect the woman’s ability to enjoy the blessing of sexual relations and marriage anymore that it would affect a male when he is circumcised. This is what Islam has permitted. […]

    In the Facebook discussion over his video, Bilal Philips wrote the following:

    “A nick means a very small cut, something like a scratch.”

    “It is recommended for males and permitted in the slightest form for females.”

    “Circumcision of females which involves cutting out body parts (genitalia) is haraam [prohibited] in Islam.”

    “He [Mohammad] permitted it [circumcision] when asked by the Muslims of [the City of] Madeenah, but he did not recommend it. Instead he instructed that it should be very slight.”

    Bilal Philips: “Does Islam support or allow female circumcision? Yes, but in a very limited or at a very limited scale…taking only a small portion from the end of the clitoris, this is all that is really permissible from Islamic perspective.”

    http://en.cijnews.com/?p=30357

    .

    CHILD MARRIAGE

    “For us in Islam, we have a natural principle, a natural dividing line, which is for a woman to be considered an adult, or that she may be married and have sexual relations etc. That dividing line is puberty. So whether one in this society, considers that person still to be a child or not, that’s not the issue. But it remains legitimate, that if a muslim man in his 50′s, even today, wanted to marry a young woman who was nine or ten, and she had reached puberty, it is legitimate.”

    Contemporary Issues – Prepared by: Dr.Abu Ameenah Bilal Philips

    [ Erwachsen als Mädchen? 9 Jahre. Spätestens mit zwölf. Sagen wir Pubertät, erste Menstruation. Einfach gesagt mit neun. ]

    “Islam sets the age of marriage at puberty, as it is the natural dividing line between childhood and adulthood. Menstruation indicates that a young girl has reached childbearing age.”

    “Does Islam support or allow female circumcision? Yes, but in a very limited or at a very limited scale…taking only a small portion from the end of the clitoris, this is all that is really permissible from Islamic perspective.”

    [ Bilal Philips: FGM Forbidden, Female Circumcision Allowed ]

    .

    https://tifrib.com/bilal-philips/

    .

    Dr. Bilal Philips: FGM Forbidden, Female Circumcision Allowed

    .

    .

    ::

    Female Genital Mutilation charges tied to religious sect in metro Detroit

    .

    ::

    Story of FGM from mouths of Bohra victims.
    ख़तना की कहानी मज़लूमों की ज़बानी

    Female Khatna or FMG: Bohra girls when around 7 years of age, her mother, Grandmother, a relative, or a neighbor lies her with luring promise and take her to a Bohra cutter who with help of 2-3 other strong accomplices, forcibly cuts her clitoris robbing her of sexual drive. This barbaric assault and post Khatna syndrome leaves her life scarred physically and mentally. After Khatna, the girl loses her God given sexual drive and cannot enjoy pleasure of orgasm when married. Their behavior becomes drastically skewed and different than other non-Khatna women.

    Bohra Syedna Mufaddal, like his predecessors, makes Bohras fearful of their girls coming into heat and indulging in sex before marriage. So, he has made it mandatory on all Bohras to cut the organ that creates sexual pleasure. This crazy edicts result in big tragedy for the girl, her husband, and the society; all lose because of this senseless, cruel and barbaric action.

    .

    ::

    Bohra chief Priest Syedna Mufaddal is very angry on female Khatna Issue.

    […] Bohra chief Priest Syedna Mufaddal is very angry on female Khatna Issue. He says “Amal to thavu j joiye અમલ તો થાવુજ જોઈએ. આ લોકો અમને શીખાવવા આયા છે? તમે ખ઼મર (શરાબ) પીઓ છો, જ઼ીના (fornication) અને બીજા ખ઼રાબ અમલ કરો છો તે તો બંધ કરો. અમે કોઇના થી નથી ડરતા. He is criticizing current agitation against female Khatna or FGM/FGC; the back ally surgical procedure when unqualified women forcibly cut clitoris 5 to 7-year-old Bohra baby girls. […]

    .

    ::

    [ Bohra Chief Mufaddal criticized in UK Parliament, for encouraging Islamic practice of female Khatna ]

    House of Lords
    9 June 2016
    Debate on FGM – Khatna
    References Syedna Mufaddal Saifuddin TUS

    .

    ::

    Si Quæris Peninsulam Amœnam Circumspice
    If you seek a pleasant peninsula, look about you.

    .

    .

  42. Null Toleranz gegenüber weiblicher Genitalverstümmelung Says:

    Islamische weibliche Genitalverstümmelung
    Chatna. Khitan wanita, sunat perempuan

    Erstmals in der Geschichte der USA beginnt im April 2017 ein Strafprozess nach 18 USC 116 (female genital mutilation), nachdem in Detroit, Michigan, die Ärztin Dr. Jumana Nagarwala sowie die Eheleute Attar angezeigt worden sind. Die drei Beschuldigten sind Angehörige der schiitischen Dawudi Bohra.

    https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weibliche_Genitalverst%C3%BCmmelung

    Islamic FGM 2017 / FGM case Detroit (Michigan) 2017
    United States of America v. JUMANA NAGARWALA
    Jumana Fakhruddin Nagarwala
    Jumana F. Nagarwala
    Jumana Nagarwala

    מילת נשים [ WP FGM neuhebräisch derzeit leider voller Fehler ]

    (ختان) Chitan ḫitān / Chitan al-inath ḫitān al-ināṯ
    (واجب) wadschib wāǧib
    (مندوب) mandub mandūb

    https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%A0%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%9D

    מילת נשים

    Man füge ein, in diese Wikipedia-Tabelle: Malaysia, Indonesien, Thailand, den Iran, Saudi-Arabien und Syrien.
    Damit wir (סוף סוף), sof sof, endlich über die (מילת נשים) mila naschim, über die FGM sprechen können.
    (תודה לכם) Toda raba, vielen Dank.

    Schariagehorsam uns das Blaue vom Himmel herunterlügen. Warum nur als FN 1 auf dem gerade genannten Wiki? Weshalb also sagen …

    Aucune religion n’encourage cette pratique.

    Klicke, um auf depliant-prevention-mgf-francais-anglais.pdf zuzugreifen

    … warum? Ach so, deshalb. Europaführer Muslimbruderschaft.

    Le fait qu’un de nos citoyens, M. Tariq Ramadan, dont l’engagement pour la transmission des valeurs de non-violence, de tolérance et de recherche de dialogue

    http://ge.ch/grandconseil/memorial/seances/530302/54/26/

  43. kopte Says:

    immer wieder zeigt sich, dass al-azhar diejenige institution ist, die darauf besteht, die fesseln des islams zu bewahren

    dazu findet al-azhar in seinen verstaubten bücherregalen den einen oder anderen einen mohammedspruch, z.b. diesen hadith:

    Abu Huraira, Allahs Wohlgefallen auf ihm, berichtete, dass der Prophet, Allahs Segen und Friede auf ihm, sagte: „Zur Fitra/Natur des Menschen gehören fünf Dinge: Die Beschneidung des Mannes, das Abrasieren der Schamhaare, das Kurzschneiden des Schnurrbarts, das Schneiden der (Finger- und Fuß-) Nägel und das Auszupfen der Achselhaare.“

    لختان والاستحداد وتقليم الأظفار ونتف الإبط وقص الشارب

    http://www.lovely0smile.com/Msg-3438.html

    oder einen der gehört hat, dass ali gehört hat, dass ein hörerer x gesagt hat, dass…..
    ein chaos des einundzwanzigsten jahrhundert namens fatwas.

    nicht die regierung herrrscht sondern die imame. bis heute.

    der al-azhar großimam Gad al-Haqq (Ǧād al-Ḥaqq ʿAlī Ǧād al-Ḥaqq) …

    https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dsch%C4%81d_al-Haqq_%CA%BFAl%C4%AB_Dsch%C4%81d_al-Haqq

    … hat 1974 seine fatwa abgegeben und keiner wagt, es zu widersprechen:

    جاد الحق على جاد الحق ا

    die frauenforen bejubeln die fatwa

    https://forum.sedty.com/t206264.html

    die salafisten nennen das islam und scharia

    الختان من شعائر الاسلام 26 من صفر1433ه سعيد بن عبد المحسن

    mohammed hassan

    https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohamed_Hassan

    ist einer der bekanntesten salafiprediger ägyptens

    حكم ختان الإناث الشيخ محمد حسان

    natürlich darf Abu Ishaq Al Heweny

    ابو اسحاق الحويني

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Ishaq_Al_Heweny

    حكم ختان النساء الشيخ المحدث ابو اسحاق الحويني

    nicht fehlen.

    als großscheich al-tantawi das gegenteil behauptete,

    فتوى فضيلة أ.د محمد طنطاوى شيخ الأزهر فى ختان البنات

    haben die gelehrten der islam dschabha (islamische front) ihn kritisiert

    جبهة علماء الأزهر تنتقد فتوى طنطاوي والمفتي بتحريم ختان الإناث

    http://3abdel-ra7man.blogspot.de/2007/08/blog-post_30.html

    mufti al-munajjid ist ebenfalls für die weibliche beschneidung, in welcher er einen körperlichen nutzen sieht.

    الفوائد الطبية من ختان البنات ؟

    https://islamqa.info/ar/45528

  44. Edward von Roy Says:

    Vielen Dank,

    sehr geehrter Kommentator kopte,

    für diese wichtigen Hinweise.

  45. Edward von Roy Says:

    United States of America v. JUMANA NAGARWALA

    Labia minora, kleine Schamlippen, das wäre – bzw. das ist (heute ist die erste Gerichtsverhandlung) – eine weibliche Genitalverstümmelung

    FGM Typ II

    On April 11, the girl was removed from her parents home for 72 hours, according to the court documents. During this time, medical exams revealed that her “labia minora was either surgically removed or the minora was sewn down.”

    7-Year-Old Victim in U.S.‘ First Genital Mutilation Case Says Procedure ‚Hurted a Lot‘

    http://edition.cnn.com/2017/04/24/us/female-genital-mutilation-girl-testimony/

    Clitoral hood. „Ebenso war die Klitorisvorhaut beschädigt“, also ggf. die zusätzliche

    FGM Typ I
    (mindestens?!) als
    FGM Typ Ia

    According to court documents, when the girl arrived, her labia minora, the flaps on either side of the vaginal opening, was removed. Her clitoral hood was also damaged, according to the criminal complaint.

    http://edition.cnn.com/2017/04/24/us/female-genital-mutilation-girl-testimony/

    __

    Two Indian doctors, woman indicted in US genital mutilation case
    New Indian Express 27.04.2017

    Fakhruddin Attar, 53, and his wife, Farida Attar, 50, both from Michigan state, were charged with conspiring to perform female genital mutilations (FGM) on minor girls out of Fakhruddin Attar’s medical clinic in Livonia. The Attars were arrested on April 21. They were charged with helping another Indian-origin doctor Jumana Nagarwala, 44, of Michigan, perform FGM on minor girls. (…)

    The compliant against the Attars said that the couple arranged and assisted in the female genital mutilation of minor females performed by Nagarwala. While they allowed their clinic to be used by Nagarwala to perform the procedures, Farida assisted Nagarwala during the female genital mutilation procedures. (…)

    The World Health Organisation said female genital mutilation comprises all procedures that involve partial or total removal of the external female genitalia, or other injury to the female genital organs for non-medical reasons.

    [ Da wird also, Frau Nagarwala, auch nicht gestochen gekratzt gehobelt geraspelt ]

    By PTI | New Indian Express (Chennay / Madras, Indien)
    Published: 27th April 2017 04:13 AM

    http://www.newindianexpress.com/world/2017/apr/27/two-indian-doctors-woman-indicted-in-us-genital-mutilation-case-1598317–1.html

    __

    Dr. Fakhruddin Attar is an internist in Livonia, Michigan and is affiliated with multiple hospitals in the area, including Providence Hospital and St. Mary Mercy Hospital. He received his medical degree from Baroda Medical College and has been in practice for more than 20 years. He is one of 122 doctors at Providence Hospital and one of 95 at St. Mary Mercy Hospital who specialize in Internal Medicine.

    http://health.usnews.com/doctors/fakhruddin-attar-392771

    Jumana Fakhruddin Nagarwala
    ( Kurawadwala )

    http://www.whitepages.com/name/Jumana-Nagarwala

    Jumana Fakhruddin Nagarwala

    (…) Let’s not dance around the room here. (…) “Most Muslims believe sharia is the revealed word of God rather than a body of law developed by men based on the word of God,” Pew reported in 2013. “Muslims also tend to believe sharia has only one, true understanding.” (…)

    The Islam clash in America | By Cheryl K. Chumley – The Washington Times 18.04.2017

    http://m.washingtontimes.com/news/2017/apr/18/the-islam-clash-in-america/

    __

    In einer 2013 veröffentlichten Studie wurde in 10 muslimischen Staaten die Bindung an den Koran untersucht. Demnach wünscht die weit überwiegende Mehrheit der Befragten in 7 Staaten die Scharia als Gesetz, die Abkehr vom Islam sei mit dem Tod zu bestrafen (die Hälfte der Länder) und bis auf den Kosovo gilt mit 85 – 96 % die Auffassung, dass die Frau ihrem Mann immer gehorchen müsse. Untersuchte Länder: Afghanistan, Irak, Malaysia, Pakistan, Ägypten, Indonesien, Tunesien, Tadschikistan, Kosovo, Türkei.

    https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pew_Research_Center

    The survey finds that most Muslims believe sharia is the revealed word of God rather than abody of law developed by men based on the word of God. Muslims also tend to believe sharia has only one, true understanding (…)

    Sharia as the Official Law of the Land
    Favor or Oppose Making Sharia the Law of the Land?

    Pew Research Center | 30.04.2013 The World’s Muslims: Religion, Politics and Society

    http://www.pewforum.org/files/2013/04/worlds-muslims-religion-politics-society-full-report.pdf#page=46

  46. Jacques Auvergne Says:

    Die Mädchenbeschneidung mit Koran und Sunna begründen können,
    neben den bisher genannten anderen,

    Ibn Maudud al-Mausili, hanafitischer Gelehrter des Fiqh
    sowie
    Abdel-Rahman al-Adawi, Kairoer Al-Azhar „Universität“, Mufti.
    .
    .

    ابن مودود الموصلي
    Ibn Mawdud al-Mawsili (d. 1284)
    Ibn Maudud al-Mausili
    hanafitischer Rechtsgelehrter aus dem heutigen Irak, starb 1284

    https://kitaabun.com/shopping3/product_info.php?products_id=4378

    http://kitaabun.com/shopping3/product_info.php?manufacturers_id=77=Imams%20(Hanafi,%20Other)&products_id=1984

    ابن مودود الموصلي

    https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%86_%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B5%D9%84%D9%8A

    __

    عبد الرحمن العدوي
    Abdel-Rahman El Adawi
    `Abdur-Rahman Al-`Adawi, Professor of Fiqh at Al-Azhar
    Abdel-Rahman al-Adawi, al-Azhar Professor und Mufti

    http://aboutislam.net/author/abdur-rahman-al-adawi/

    Abdel Rahman Al-Adawi, Professor für Islamisches Recht in Kairo

    http://www.berliner-zeitung.de/heldenhafte-maertyrer-oder-verworfene-selbstmoerder–16662724

    [ Mufti al-Adawi zum Wasser von der Quelle Zamzam ]

    http://aboutislam.net/counseling/ask-the-scholar/acts-of-worship/effect-of-zamzam-water-outside-of-al-haram/

    عبد الرحمن العدوي
    Prof. Abd Al-Rahman Al-Adawi—Professor at Al-‎Azhar University and member of Senior Scholars Entity and Islamic Research Academy

    ___ps://www.facebook.com/hiisfl.edu/photos/a.362877073849829.1073741828.275273722610165/863268087144056/?type=3

    __

    [ Abdel-Rahman al-Adawi ]

    Abd al-Rahman Al-Adawi, al-Azhar Professor, writing in 1989, noted that female circumcision is makrumah—a meritorious action. He further claimed the procedure helped the woman,

    „remain shy and virtuous. In the Orient, where the climate is hot, a girl gets easily aroused if she is not circumcised. It makes her shameless and prey to her sexual instincts except those to whom Allah shows compassion.“

    [from Al-khitan, ra’y al-din wal-‘ilm fi khitan al-awlad wal-banat, 1989, pp 81-2, translated here]

    [ Ibn Maudud al-Mausili ]

    The classical Iraqi jurist Ibn Mawdud al-Musili (d. 1284), in his major Islamic law treatise [Al-ikhtiyar, vol. 4] declared,

    „If a region stops, of common agreement, to practice male and female circumcision, the chief of the state declares war [jihad] against that region because circumcision is a part of the rituals of Islam and its specificities“

    Cut the Clitoral Relativism: Islam, Sharia, and Female Genital Mutilation/“Circumcision” | by Andrew G. Bostom | PJ Media 11.04..2014

    https://pjmedia.com/blog/cut-the-clitoral-relativism-islam-sharia-and-female-genital-mutilationcircumcision/

  47. Cees van der Duin Says:

    Un médecin musulman de Detroit devient la première personne accusée d’avoir contrevenu à la loi interdisant les mutilations génitales féminines aux États-Unis

    par: Point de Bascule | 17.04.2017 |

    […] Selon Forbes.com, le docteur Jumana Nagarwala est vraisemblablement la première personne accusée d’avoir contrevenu à la loi interdisant les mutilations génitales féminines aux États-Unis. […]

    http://pointdebasculecanada.ca/medecin-musulman-detroit-devient-premiere-personne-accusee-avoir-contrevenu-loi-interdisant-mutilations-genitales-feminines-etats-unis/

    ::

    MGF: un médecin de Detroit risque la prison à vie

    BBC AFROQUE 14.04.2017

    […] Environ 200 millions de filles et de femmes dans le monde ont souffert d’une forme de FGM, selon l’ONU.

    La moitié de ces victimes vivent en Egypte, en Éthiopie et en Indonésie, selon l’ONU.

    http://www.bbc.com/afrique/monde-39600456

    ::
    ::

  48. 1+1=2 Says:

    Henry Ford Hospital (HFH) feuert heimliche nebenberufliche islamische Ritualbeschneiderin

    Henry Ford fires accused genital mutilation doc

    By: Robert Snell
    The Detroit News 11:30 a.m. ET
    27.04.2017

    [ FGM Typ IV … Stechen, Raspeln, Kratzen, Schaben, Reiben – ein gehöriges Quantum Genitalgewebe also, folgt man der Rechtsanwältin, „eine Portion“ (a portion) vom Geschlechtsorgan wurde dem Kind angeblich „weggerieben, abgerieben“ (wiped off). Vielleicht wurde die Genitalportion ja auch abgehobelt oder abgeraspelt oder abgeschabt – und fraglich ist, ob dabei die Klitoris heil geblieben ist, man kann es nur hoffen.

    Wie auch immer, jede unnötige rituelle Verletzung ist FGM. Eine Sepsis beispielsweise kann aus einer noch so kleinen Verletzung resultieren, oder in einer Klinik vielleicht sogar MRSA. ]

    off a portion of the mucous membrane from the girls’ clitoris

    [ clitoris still intact? ]

    The doctor merely wiped off a portion of the mucous membrane from the girls’ clitoris, Smith said. A small amount was placed on a gauze pad and given to the family for burial, the lawyer added.

    http://www.detroitnews.com/story/news/local/detroit-city/2017/04/27/genital-mutilation-doctor-fired/100974336/

    The doctor merely wiped off a portion of the mucous membrane from the girls’ clitoris, Thompson said. A small amount was placed on a gauze pad and given to the family for burial, the lawyer added.

    http://www.detroitnews.com/story/news/local/detroit-city/2017/04/17/female-genital-mutilation-doctor/100563870/

    Henry Ford fires ER doctor at center of genital mutilation case

    Tresa Baldas
    Detroit Free Press
    27.04.2017

    http://www.freep.com/story/news/local/michigan/wayne/2017/04/27/henry-ford-fired-genital-mutilation/100973824/

  49. 1+1=2 Says:

    ::

    US Doctors Of Indian-Origin Fakhruddin Attar And Jumana Nagarwala, Indicted In Female Genital Mutilation Case

    indiatimes 27.04.2017

    (…) Fakhruddin graduated from the Baroda Medical College in Gujarat, India in 1988.

    The charges say that Nagarwala used to perform the medical procedure on minor girls at Burhani Medical Clinic (BMC) in Michigan that was owned and operated by Fakhruddin. Fakhruddin’s wife was employed at BMC as an officer manager.

    The complaint against the Attars said that the couple arranged and assisted in the female genital mutilation of minor females performed by Nagarwala. While they allowed their clinic to be used by Nagarwala to perform the procedures, Farida assisted Nagarwala during the female genital mutilation procedures. (…)

    http://www.indiatimes.com/news/world/us-doctors-of-indian-origin-fakhruddin-attar-and-jumana-nagarwala-indicted-in-female-genital-mutilation-case-276529.html

  50. vis-à-vis Says:

    Khatna. Islamic FGM is the surgical removal of a portion of genitalia

    “ they claim it is an Islamic religious practice “

    They are right.

    hijab is an Islamic religious practice
    nine years old child bride is an Islamic religious practice
    polygamy is an Islamic religious …
    talaq is an Islamic …
    stoning is an …
    establishing a caliphate is an Islamic …
    killing the apostates is an Islamic religious …
    jihad is an Islamic religious practice

    sunat perempuan is an Islamic religious …
    khitan wanita is an …
    khitan al-inath …

    FGM is an Islamic religious practice

    “ She denies any wrongdoing and claims she was performing a religious practice for families in a Muslim sect “

    From an Islamic point of view she is right, … = NO wrongdoing

    from the perspective of universal human rights = wrongdoing
    in line with medical ethics or not = wrongdoing
    from the perspective of US American Law = wrongdoing

    “ doctors reports obtained by the Detroit Free Press indicate the children suffered more severe injuries including scarring, a small tear, lacerations and what appeared to be the surgical removal of a portion of genitalia. “

    I say …

    GUILTY

    __________

    ( Why haven’t the parents also been charged? )

    Two Detroit doctors and a woman are charged over genital mutilation of two seven-year-old girls – but they claim it is an Islamic religious practice and no crime was committed

    By: Emily Crane For Dailymail.com

    MailOnline (The Daily Mail) 27.04.2017

    http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-4451786/Three-charged-genital-mutilation-two-young-girls.html

  51. vis-à-vis Says:

    __

    Three Michigan medical professionals were indicted

    Attorney Mary Chartier for doctor says client „being persecuted because of their religious beliefs“

    Mary Chartier: “I do believe that the government does not fully understand the religious practices of Dr. Attar and Dr. Attar’s religion, and I think that’s why we are in this courthouse today, and what we’ll be fighting over for the next few months.”
    .
    .
    .

    […] The Attars […] hearing was postponed until May 3.

    Dr. Attar’s attorney Mary Chartier, who spoke to reporters after Wednesday’s initial appearance, said her client is „not aware of any crimes committed at his clinic“ and that „what happened at the clinic was not FGM.“ […]

    Mary Chartier said that at the heart of her client’s defense is a misunderstanding over his religious practice. When asked to clarify what that practice was, she did not respond.

    „I do believe that the government does not fully understand the religious practices of Dr. Attar and Dr. Attar’s religion, and I think that’s why we are in this courthouse today, and what we’ll be fighting over for the next few months,“ Mary Chartier said.

    „They have a religious belief to practice their religion. And they are Muslims and they’re being under attack because of it. I believe that they are being persecuted because of their religious beliefs and I do not make that allegation lightly,“ Mary Chartier said.

    Farida Attar’s attorney, Matt Newburg, did not speak to reporters following the hearing. Over the weekend, he told CNN his „client has not admitted guilt.“ […]

    The Detroit Free Press reported that at the hearing that Smith said her client removed membrane from the girls‘ genital area using a „scraper“ as part of a religious practice. […]

    Prosecutor: ‚Brutal‘ genital mutilation won’t be tolerated in US (Achja, Herr oder Frau Prosecutor, meinen Sie dieses: Die deutlich weniger brutale FGM oder die unzweideutig nichtbrutale FGM möge zeitnah toleriert werden in den USA …?) | by: Mayra Cuevas and Sonia Moghe, CNN | Updated 0103 GMT (0903 HKT) 27.04.2017

    http://edition.cnn.com/2017/04/26/health/fgm-indictment-michigan/

    __

  52. Zero Tolerance for Female Genital Mutilation Says:

    Life, Liberty, & the Pursuit of Happiness: To be 18 years old and still have INTACT genitals
    .

    [ WHO – World Health Organization – Female genital mutilation – Fact sheet – Updated February 2017 ]

    „Female genital mutilation (FGM) comprises all procedures that involve partial or total removal of the external female genitalia, or other injury to the female genital organs for non-medical reasons.“

    No health benefits, only harm

    FGM has no health benefits, and it harms girls and women in many ways. It involves removing and damaging healthy and normal female genital tissue, and interferes with the natural functions of girls‘ and women’s bodies. Generally speaking, risks increase with increasing severity of the procedure.

    Immediate complications can include:

    severe pain
    excessive bleeding (haemorrhage)
    genital tissue swelling
    fever
    infections e.g., tetanus
    urinary problems
    wound healing problems
    injury to surrounding genital tissue
    shock
    death.

    Long-term consequences can include:

    urinary problems (painful urination, urinary tract infections);
    vaginal problems (discharge, itching, bacterial vaginosis and other infections);
    menstrual problems (painful menstruations, difficulty in passing menstrual blood, etc.);
    scar tissue and keloid;
    sexual problems (pain during intercourse, decreased satisfaction, etc.);
    increased risk of childbirth complications (difficult delivery, excessive bleeding, caesarean section, need to resuscitate the baby, etc.) and newborn deaths;
    need for later surgeries: for example, the FGM procedure that seals or narrows a vaginal opening (type 3) needs to be cut open later to allow for sexual intercourse and childbirth (deinfibulation). Sometimes genital tissue is stitched again several times, including after childbirth, hence the woman goes through repeated opening and closing procedures, further increasing both immediate and long-term risks;
    psychological problems (depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder, low self-esteem, etc.);
    health complications of female genital mutilation.

    http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs241/en/

    ::

    18 U.S. Code § 116 – Female genital mutilation

    https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/18/116

    18 U.S.C.
    United States Code, 2011 Edition
    Title 18 – CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE
    PART I – CRIMES
    CHAPTER 7 – ASSAULT
    Sec. 116 – Female genital mutilation
    From the U.S. Government Printing Office, http://www.gpo.gov

    § 116. Female genital mutilation

    (a) Except as provided in subsection (b), whoever knowingly circumcises, excises, or infibulates the whole or any part of the labia majora or labia minora or clitoris of another person who has not attained the age of 18 years shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than 5 years, or both.

    (b) A surgical operation is not a violation of this section if the operation is—

    (1) necessary to the health of the person on whom it is performed, and is performed by a person licensed in the place of its performance as a medical practitioner; or

    (2) performed on a person in labor or who has just given birth and is performed for medical purposes connected with that labor or birth by a person licensed in the place it is performed as a medical practitioner, midwife, or person in training to become such a practitioner or midwife.

    (c) In applying subsection (b)(1), no account shall be taken of the effect on the person on whom the operation is to be performed of any belief on the part of that person, or any other person, that the operation is required as a matter of custom or ritual.

    (Added Pub. L. 104–208, div. C, title VI, §645(b)(1), Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 3009–709.)

    Effective Date

    Section 645(c) of div. C of Pub. L. 104–208 provided that: “The amendments made by subsection (b) [enacting this section] shall take effect on the date that is 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act [Sept. 30, 1996].”

    Congressional Findings

    Section 645(a) of div. C of Pub. L. 104–208 provided that: “The Congress finds that—

    “(1) the practice of female genital mutilation is carried out by members of certain cultural and religious groups within the United States;

    “(2) the practice of female genital mutilation often results in the occurrence of physical and psychological health effects that harm the women involved;

    “(3) such mutilation infringes upon the guarantees of rights secured by Federal and State law, both statutory and constitutional;

    “(4) the unique circumstances surrounding the practice of female genital mutilation place it beyond the ability of any single State or local jurisdiction to control;

    “(5) the practice of female genital mutilation can be prohibited without abridging the exercise of any rights guaranteed under the first amendment to the Constitution or under any other law; and

    “(6) Congress has the affirmative power under section 8 of article I, the necessary and proper clause, section 5 of the fourteenth Amendment, as well as under the treaty clause, to the Constitution to enact such legislation.”

    https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/USCODE-2011-title18/html/USCODE-2011-title18-partI-chap7-sec116.htm

    ::

    Dr. Jumana Nagarwala, 44, of Northville, is charged with performing female genital mutilation (FGM) on girls who were 6 to 8 years old at the Burhani Medical Clinic. Nagarwala, the clinic owner Dr. Fakhruddin Attar, and his wife Farida Attar all face charges in the case. All three are expected to head to trial.

    Nagarwala was arrested April 12 and detained April 17. Henry Ford Health System said she was placed on administrative leave April 13. Local 4 and ClickOnDetroit learned Thursday [ April 27 ] she has been terminated from her position as an emergency department physician at Henry Ford Hospital in Detroit.

    http://www.clickondetroit.com/news/dr-jumana-nagarwala-fired-by-henry-ford-amid-female-genital-mutilation-case

  53. Edward von Roy Says:

    ·

    Auch der US-Bundesstaat Michigan wird vielleicht schon bald ein Gesetz gegen FGM haben.

    Stellt sich die Frage, ob wirklich jeder FGM-Typ (im Sinne der WHO-Klassifikation) verboten und bestraft werden wird oder man, dann durchaus im Sinne von Kavita Shah Arora und Tatjana Hörnle, die religiöse (islamische) teilweise oder vollständige Klitorisvorhautamputation (FGM Typ Ia) oder ein religiöses (islamisches) genitales Einstechen, Beraspeln, Beschaben, Bekratzen (zu FGM Typ IV) integriert wissen möchte in Pursuit of Happiness, The Land Of The Free, The American Dream.

    Die schafiitischen Rechtsgelehrten fordern die Beschneidung des Kindes und unterscheiden hier gar nicht zwischen Junge und Mädchen.

    Jede FGM muss verboten bleiben, auch die islamische Chatna des Mädchens oder der Frau (chitan al-inath), etwa als die sogenannte milde Sunna.

    ·

    Sen. Rick Jones, R-Grand Ledge, said the proposal was prompted by the unfolding story of charges filed against Northville Dr. Jumana Nagarwala. […]

    Bill co-sponsor Sen. Tonya Schuitmaker, R-Lawton, called it an act of “barbarism” and said the legislation would make sure that those who cut girls’ genitals “receive the justice they deserve.”

    Lawmakers want to outlaw female genital mutilation | By: Michael Gerstein | The Detroit News Published 27.04.2017

    http://www.detroitnews.com/story/news/local/michigan/2017/04/27/genital-mutilation-michigan-outlaw/100997328/

    ·
    ·

    State Senator
    Rick Jones

    Senate legislation outlaws female genital mutilation in Michigan

    26.04.2017

    […] Senate Bill 337 would establish the crime, while SB 338 would provide the necessary sentencing guidelines. The bills are expected to be formally read in on Thursday.

    “Female genital mutilation is a horrible procedure that permanently deforms girls and stands against the rights of girls and women that so many have fought for in our country,” said Senator Margaret O’Brien, R-Portage, sponsor of SB 337. “We must put a stop to it.”

    According to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, female genital mutilation refers to cutting and other procedures that injure the female genital organs for non-medical reasons.

    The department states federal law prohibits anyone in the country from knowingly circumcising, excising or infibulating the genitals of any child under 18 years of age. Michigan would join at least 24 other states that have laws prohibiting the procedure.

    “There is no place for this type of barbarism in Michigan,” said Senator Tonya Schuitmaker, R-Lawton, a co-sponsor. “This legislation will help to ensure that those convicted of this heinous act receive the justice they deserve.”

    The bills stem from a recent case in which Michigan-based doctors were arrested and charged for allegedly conspiring to perform female genital mutilation on minors, according to the U.S. Department of Justice.

    “FGM is a violation of human rights. It is an extreme form of discrimination against girls and women and we want Michigan to join 24 states that have outlawed FGM,” said Senator Rick Jones, R-Grand Ledge, sponsor of SB 338. […]

    http://www.senatorrickjones.com/senate-legislation-outlaws-female-genital-mutilation-in-michigan/

    ·

    State Senator
    Margaret O’Brien

    http://www.senatormargaretobrien.com/senate-legislation-outlaws-female-genital-mutilation-in-michigan/

    ·

    Female genital mutilation (FGM) includes procedures that intentionally alter or cause injury to the female genital organs for non-medical reasons.

    Jede Veränderung oder Verletzung ist weibliche Genitalverstümmelung, FGM, also auch religiöses (islamisches) Stechen, Schaben, Kratzen, Raspeln am Geschlechtsorgan des Mädchens.

    (WHO)

    http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs241/en/

    Female genital mutilation (FGM) is a practice that involves altering or injuring the female genitalia for non-medical reasons, and it is internationally recognized as a human rights violation.

    (UNFPA)

    http://www.unfpa.org/female-genital-mutilation

    ·

  54. Eifelginster Says:

    Berlin 2013

    Femen gegen FGM

    .

    Kurzer Zwischenfall bei der Berlinale-Eröffnungsfeier: Aktivistinnen der ukrainischen Gruppierung „Femen“ protestierten auf dem Roten Teppich gegen weibliche Genitalverstümmelung, female genital mutilation (FGM).

    Klare Botschaft auf nacktem Oberkörper: Eine Femen-Aktivistin protestiert gegen Genitalverstümmelung

    .

    Femen Stages Topless Protest Against FGM Outside Parliament During Tour De France
    .

    .

    London 2014

    Femen gegen FGM

    Bare-breasted activists of feminist movement Femen protest demonstrate against FGM (Female Genital Mutilation) in Parliament Square, central London on July 7, 2014, on the afternoon the Tour de France visit London.

    .

    Islamic FGM in Michigan (2017)

    Hoffentlich ist jede Form der weiblichen Genitalverstümmelung (FGM) gemeint, FGM Typ I (Ia, Ib), II, III, IV … Senatoren, die jetzt gesetzlich gegen die Mädchenbeschneidung vorgehen möchten, sind Rick Jones, Patrick Colbeck, Judy Emmons, Margaret O’Brien, Tonya Schuitmaker.

    Michigan Senators push to make female genital mutilation a felony

    http://www.mlive.com/news/index.ssf/2017/04/michigan_senators_push_to_make.html

    Wikipedia

    Jumana_Nagarwala

    wiki/Jumana_Nagarwala

    org/wiki/Jumana_Nagarwala

    wikipedia.org/wiki/Jumana_Nagarwala

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jumana_Nagarwala

    .
    .

    Verbreitung der FGM

    Vorab ein schlimmes Beispiel für eine ungeeignete Karte – die FGM, so wird suggeriert, sei ein rein afrikanisches Problem.

    Südostasien fehlt regelmäßig und meistens ist noch nicht einmal der Irak (Kurden, schafiitisch!) verzeichnet.

    .

    .

    Aktuelle Landkarten zeigen Peru und Kolumbien; den Iran und Irak, Malaysia und Indonesien (Indien und Pakistan (Dawudi Bohra!) sowie Thailand und Sri Lanka sollten nicht fehlen).

    .

    .

    Hier hingegen fehlen noch Kolumbien, Panama, Peru, nämlich die Gebiete der Emberá oder Embera – zu deren südlichen Untergruppen gehören die Chamí oder Chami

    .
    .

    Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jumana_Nagarwala

    wikipedia.org/wiki/Jumana_Nagarwala

    org/wiki/Jumana_Nagarwala

    wiki/Jumana_Nagarwala

    Jumana_Nagarwala

    .

    Doctors Jumana Nagarwala and Fakhruddin Attar, and Attar’s wife, Farida, are charged with female genital mutilation and conspiracy. The doctors are also charged with making false statements to investigators and trying to obstruct the investigation.

    http://www.abc12.com/content/news/Doctors-indicted-in-Detroit-area-genital-mutilation-probe-420565963.html

    .

    London 2014

    Femen Stages Topless Protest Against FGM Outside Parliament

    http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/2014/07/07/femen-stage-topless-protest-against-fgm-outside-parliament-during-tour-de-france_n_5564167.html

    .

    Topless protest against Female Genital Mutilation outside Westminster Parliament.

    .

    .

    2013

    Topless protesters stormed the red carpet at the Berlin Film Festival opening

    .

  55. Wilm Hilversum Says:

    Erstmals in der Geschichte der USA beginnt im April 2017 ein Strafprozess nach 18 USC 116 (female genital mutilation), nachdem in Detroit, Michigan, die Ärztin Dr. Jumana Nagarwala sowie die Eheleute Attar angezeigt worden sind. Die drei Beschuldigten sind Angehörige der schiitischen Dawudi Bohra.

    https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weibliche_Genitalverst%C3%BCmmelung

    Jumana Nagarwala

    External Links and Further Reading

    The criminal complaint against Dr. Nagarwala

    The criminal complaint against Dr. Attar et al.

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jumana_Nagarwala

    Alle vier sunnitischen Rechtsschulen (Madhhab) befürworten die Beschneidung von Frauen. Die Schafiiten erklären sie explizit zur religiösen Pflicht. In den Ländern des Nahen Ostens und Ostafrikas, in denen die schafiitische Rechtsschule dominiert, ist die Beschneidung deshalb auch allgemein verbreitet. Auch einer überlieferten hanbalitischen Position zufolge ist die Beschneidung bei Frauen religiöse Pflicht. Für die Malikiten ist die Beschneidung Prophetentradition (sunna) und damit empfehlenswert, für die Hanafiten wie auch für manche Hanbaliten ist sie ehrenhaft (makruma).

    https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weibliche_Genitalverst%C3%BCmmelung#Vorkommen_im_Islam

    Ausbleibende Information zur Islamic FGM:

    5 Fragen – 5 Antworten zu weiblicher Genitalverstümmelung

    https://www.dsw.org/5-fragen-5-antworten-zu-weiblicher-genitalverstuemmelung/

    Weder sunnitisch-schafiitisch noch bei den schiitischen Dawudi Bohra wird in Bezug auf das Genitalbeschneiden (Genitalverstümmeln) zwischen Junge und Mädchen differenziert, Chatna ist absolute Pflicht (wadschib). Vom gegebenen Zusammenhang Islamisches Recht (Scharia) und Mädchenbeschneidung (FGM) keine Ahnung hat:

    Deutsche Stiftung Weltbevölkerung (DSW)

    https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deutsche_Stiftung_Weltbev%C3%B6lkerung

    Renate Bähr, Geschäftsführerin Deutsche Stiftung Weltbevölkerung

    https://www.cducsu.de/veranstaltungen/referenten/renate-baehr

    Weltweit sind laut einem Unicef-Bericht 200 Millionen Mädchen und Frauen Opfer von Genitalverstümmelungen. Auch in Deutschland gibt es Fälle. Mit einer bestimmten Religion haben die Beschneidungen nichts zu tun, sagt Renate Bähr, Geschäftsführerin der Stiftung Weltbevölkerung.

    Beschneidungen von Frauen und Mädchen können nach Ansicht der Geschäftsführerin der Stiftung Weltbevölkerung, Renate Bähr, nicht mit einer bestimmten Religion in Verbindung gebracht werden. Die Hälfte der Fälle weltweit komme in Äthiopien, Ägypten und Indonesien vor, sagte Bähr am Samstag im Deutschlandradio Kultur. „Sie sehen, das ist sowohl ein christlich geprägtes Land wie Äthiopien, als aber auch ein eindeutig islamisches Land. Womit auch klar ist: Man kann es einer Religion direkt nicht zuordnen.“ Die Beschneidungen von Frauen und Mädchen seien „ein Ausdruck von patriarchalischen Strukturen“. […]

    Keine Frage einer bestimmten Religion | Renate Bähr im Gespräch mit Axel Flemming | Deutschlandfunk Kultur 06.02.2016

    http://www.deutschlandfunkkultur.de/beschneidungen-von-frauen-und-maedchen-keine-frage-einer.1008.de.html?dram:article_id=344806

    Renate Bähr ist seit 2008 Geschäftsführerin der Stiftung Weltbevölkerung. Sie verfügt über langjährige Erfahrungen zu Themen der sexuellen und reproduktiven Gesundheit. Als Mitglied der deutschen Regierungsdelegation nahm sie an bedeutenden internationalen Konferenzen, unter anderem der Weltbevölkerungskonferenz von Kairo 1994, teil. 2012 wurde sie zum Mitglied der High Level Task Force for ICPD ernannt.

    http://www.huffingtonpost.de/renate-baehr/

    Renate Bähr | ICPD

    http://icpdtaskforce.org/member/renate-bahr/

    The High-Level Task Force for the International Conference on Population and Development (ICPD)

    http://icpdtaskforce.org/about/

    eliminate early and forced marriage and female genital mutilation within a generation

    http://icpdtaskforce.org/ending-violence-against-women-and-fulfilling-sexual-and-reproductive-health-and-rights-for-all/

    Die Weltbevölkerungskonferenzen (engl. International Conference on Population and Development (ICPD)) sind eine Reihe von der UNO veranstalteter Gipfel zu Fragen der Weltbevölkerung.

    Mit der High-Level Task Force for ICPD entstand im Oktober 2012 ein unabhängiges, internationales Gremium, das darauf hinwirkt, die Ziele der Kairoer Weltbevölkerungskonferenz in die Post-2015-Agenda zu integrieren.

    https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weltbev%C3%B6lkerungskonferenz

    SDGs

    Ziele für nachhaltige Entwicklung (englisch Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), französisch Objectifs de développement durable)

    Der offizielle Titel lautet Transformation unserer Welt: die Agenda 2030 für nachhaltige Entwicklung. Als Synonym zu den SDGs wird auch Ziele für nachhaltige Entwicklung, globale Nachhaltigkeitsagenda, 2030-Agenda bzw. Agenda 2030, Post-2015-Entwicklungsagenda und Weltzukunftsvertrag verwendet. Als weiteres Synonym wird Globale Ziele der UN verwendet.

    https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ziele_f%C3%BCr_nachhaltige_Entwicklung

  56. Wilm Hilversum Says:

    Ayaan Hirsi Ali: Female genital mutilation and what we’re really talking about beneath the weasel words ‚genital cutting‘

    By Ayaan Hirsi Ali | Fox News 28.04.2017

    The recent news that a grand jury in Michigan has indicted three people, including two doctors, for female genital mutilation […]

    http://www.foxnews.com/opinion/2017/04/28/ayaan-hirsi-ali-female-genital-mutilation-and-what-were-really-talking-about-beneath-weasel-words-genital-cutting.html

    ::

    Human rights activist Ayaan Hirsi Ali reacted to a Detroit surgeon being charged with genital mutilation of a young girl […]

    Ali […] said Dr. Jumana Nagarwala must be punished for her alleged actions. […]

    Ayaan Hirsi Ali: Culture ‚Never An Excuse‘ To Harm Girls With Genital Mutilation | Fox News 19.04.2017

    http://insider.foxnews.com/2017/04/19/ayaan-hirsi-ali-genital-mutilation-no-excuse-harm-young-girls-culture-islam

  57. Edward von Roy Says:

    Saifuddin Bhabrawala [ flight lässt sich übersetzen als Flug oder Flucht … hier geht es erst einmal um einen Flug ]
    .
    .

    [ Gute Forderungen vom American Islamic Forum for Democracy (AIFD) an die Andschuman-e-Nadschmi-Moschee der Dawudi Bohra, Detroit, die Moschee der Ehepaare Nagarwala und Attar ]

    source:
    AIFD Letter to: Mr. Janab Aamil Saheb, President, Anjuman-e-Najmi – Detroit

    20.04.2017

    […] Sk Murtaza Hussain appears to also be one of the signatories to a letter, along with your president Sk. Saifuddin Bhabrawala dated May 11, 2016 which instructed your community to abide by the law of the land. Unfortunately the letter did not explicitly condemn all “khatna” globally but instead only instructed your community to abide by the law of this land. We hope that you will revisit this recommendation and put out an unequivocal condemnation of all “khatna” around the world as immoral and un-Islamic.

    Thus, we write to:

    • Encourage your swift and public condemnation of Jumana Nagarwala, M.D.;

    • Insist that you carry out a rigorous investigation into this practice in the community, seeking out any individuals who may have worked with Jumana Nagarwala M.D. to facilitate these crimes against girls and women;

    • Turn in any participants and facilitators to the authorities, regardless of their stature within the community;

    • Publically expose and dismantle any connection between Dr. Murtaza Hussain of Livernois Family Medical Center, his medical network and members in your organization;

    • Publish your findings and commitment to combat any and all forms of “khatna,” or FGM, within your community;

    • Publish your intent to expose and dismantle familial and community networks which facilitated the crime of “khatna” in the community;

    • Publish a much more vigorous condemnation of all forms of “khatna” to update your position of May 11, 2016 which will now globally condemn “khatna” in all its forms as an unnecessary, immoral, and un-Islamic violation of a girls’ bodily autonomy.

    [ Verfasst von; und Unterschrift ] M. Zuhdi Jasser, M.D. | President & Founder | American Islamic Forum for Democracy

    https://aifdemocracy.org/aifd-letter-to-mr-janab-aamil-saheb-president-anjuman-e-najmi-detroit/

    __
    __

    Mosque leader took flight to India amid FBI probe

    By: Robert Snell | The Detroit News Published 02.05.2017 12:00 a.m. ET | Updated 2 hours ago

    Detroit — A leader of the Muslim sect embroiled in an alleged female genital mutilation conspiracy boarded a one-way flight to India on April 10 […]

    Two sources identified the leader as former mosque President Saifuddin Bhabrawala, whose three-year term ended before he flew from Detroit Metropolitan Airport on April 10, the day the genital mutilation scandal emerged publicly. He was detained by federal agents in conjunction with the female genital mutilation investigation and they searched his electronic devices before Bhabrawala flew to India, one source familiar with the man’s trip told The News. […]

    Bhabrawala has not been charged with a crime amid a continuing investigation. […]

    The mosque is part of the Dawoodi Bohra, a small Muslim sect based in India whose members practice the illegal mutilations, […]

    Local mosque officials are in charge of following strict orders from Syedna Mufaddal Saifuddin, the Dawoodi Bohra’s spiritual leader in India, said Isufali Kundawala, a Bohra and retired anesthesiologist near Dallas who has spoken out against female genital mutilation.

    “They are figureheads,” Kundawala said. “Nobody can dissent or you’re excommunicated. People literally kiss letters that come from the Syedna.” […]

    On April 12, two days after the flight and raid, Nagarwala was arrested at Detroit Metropolitan Airport while trying to board a flight to Kenya.

    A source said Bhabrawala’s flight was planned before FBI agents raided the clinic because the leader’s three-year term had ended and he was moving back to India, where the sect is based.

    It is unclear exactly when Bhabrawala’s term as mosque president ended but his U.S. visa expires July 7 and he already had shipped his possessions back to India, a source said. […]

    http://www.detroitnews.com/story/news/local/detroit-city/2017/05/02/mosque-leader-took-way-flight-india-amid-fbi-probe/101181370/

  58. Edward von Roy Says:

    FGM nach Koran und Sunna? Aber nein, die Scharia verlangt keine Beschneidung der Mädchen … Rambøll und das deutsche Wunschdenken zur FGM

    Nichts Schlechtes über das Islamische Recht bitte …

    Rambøll Management Consulting u. a.: Eine empirische Studie zu weiblicher Genitalverstümmelung in Deutschland. Daten – Zusammenhänge – Perspektiven.

    […] „halal“ bezeichnet alle Dinge und Handlungen, die nach islamischem Recht zulässig sind, d.h. die Frau ist nach der Beschneidung „erlaubt“. […]

    sunna“ [Übers. d. Verf.: „Brauch“, Bezeichnung für „kleine Beschneidung“, […]

    […]

    Aus den Aussagen ist zu erkennen, dass auch die religiösen Autoritäten dem Redetabu bezüglich FGM_C unterliegen, ihnen dieses aber bewusst zu sein scheint, denn sie wünschen sich einen Raum, in dem über FGM_C gesprochen werden kann. Zwischen den Zeilen ist Bedauern zu erkennen, dass in Ermangelung dieses geschützten Raumes das Tabu weiter bestehen bleibt.

    […]

    Darüber hinaus wurde im fachlichen Austausch mit den Vertreterinnen von INTEGRA entschieden, die Länder Indonesien und Malaysia mit einzubeziehen. Diese Entscheidung fußt auf drei Argumenten: Diese Entscheidung fußt auf drei Argumenten:

    Erstens ist für diese Länder insgesamt von hohen Prävalenzraten auszugehen, sodass auch in Deutschland die Wahrscheinlichkeit groß ist, dass Frauen und Mädchen von FGM_C betroffen bzw. gefährdet sind.

    Zweitens hat eine Fatwa aus dem Jahr 2009 die Beschneidung weiblicher Genitalien in Malaysia zur Pflicht gemacht. In Indonesien veröffentlichte der Indonesische Rat der Muslimgelehrten (MUI) 2008 eine Fatwa, in der eine neutrale [sic!] Haltung gegenüber der Beschneidung weiblicher Genitalien eingenommen wird. [ das Verbot verbieten! Neutral ist anders ]

    Drittens sind nach INTEGRA sowie TERRE DES FEMMES in Indonesien und Malaysia Tendenzen zu beobachten, wonach die Praxis der FGM_C nicht zurückgehe, sondern eher zunehme. […]

    Aufgrund der schlechten Datenlage wird explizit darauf verzichtet, Länder wie Oman, Iran und Thailand zu berücksichtigen. Hier liegen keine (repräsentativen) Daten zur FGM_C-Prävalenz in diesen Ländern vor.

    https://www.netzwerk-integra.de/startseite/studie-fgm/

    file:///C:/Users/dell/AppData/Local/Temp/Eine%20empirische%20Studie%20zu%20Genitalverst%C3%BCmmelung%20in%20Deutschland.pdf

    __

    MUI
    Majelis Ulama Indonesia
    Indonesian Ulema Council

    .
    .

    JAKIM
    Jabatan Kemajuan Islam Malaysia
    Department of Islamic Development Malaysia

  59. Jacques Auvergne Says:

    Nichts Schlechtes über den Islam!

    Eine empirische Studie zu weiblicher Genitalverstümmelung in Deutschland („Daten – Zusammenhänge – Perspektiven“). Und so weiß man es – vielleicht zuerst bei Rambøll Management Consulting*, dann bei INTEGRA und schließlich beim Bundesministerium für Familie, Senioren, Frauen und Jugend – immer noch nicht oder belügt die Leserschaft zur FGM im Irak, in Indonesien, in Malaysia: die Mädchenbeschneidung sei Folklore, Tradition oder Stammesüberlieferung: „kultureller Brauch“. Zitat:

    Eine empirische Studie zu weiblicher Genitalverstümmelung in Deutschland
    Daten – Zusammenhänge – Perspektiven

    1. Einleitung

    In einer vom Bundesministerium für Familie, Senioren, Frauen und Jugend geförderten Studie hat INTEGRA, ein Netzwerk, das ausallen Organisationen in Deutschland besteht, die gegen weibliche Genitalverstümmelung kämpfen, unter Berücksichtigung von durch Ramboll Management Consulting erhobenen Daten vorliegende Studie zum Thema weibliche Genitalverstümmelung (Female Genital Mutilation / Female Genital Cutting, kurz: [FGM zu sagen reicht FGM / FGC ist nicht nötig] FGM_C) in Deutschland durchgeführt. […]

    2. Fokus der Studie
    2.1. Ausgangslage

    Weibliche Genitalverstümmelung ist eine Praktik, die in weiten Teilen Westafrikas, Ostafrikas und Zentralafrikas sowie in Ländern wie dem Jemen, dem Irak [Anm. d. Verf.: im Irak besonders bei den [meine Anm.: muslimischen, hier der schafiitischen Madhhab folgenden] Kurden], in Indonesien und Malaysia als kultureller Brauch weit verbreitet ist.

    [Aber dann, die Worte Religion oder Islam werden sorgfältig vermieden, hören wir von dem malaysischen Fatwa, dem (religiösen, dem islamischen versteht sich) Rechtsgutachten.

    Statt indonesische Muslimgelehrte sage man Ulama oder Islamgelehrte, Einzahl Alim, zumal Ulama im U von MUI enthalten ist: Majelis Ulama Indonesia.]

    3.1 Untersuchungsbereiche
    3.1.1 Länder

    […] wurde im fachlichen Austausch mit den Vertreterinnen von INTEGRA entschieden, die Länder Indonesien und Malaysia mit einzubeziehen.

    [Ein bisschen zu berücksichtigen („einzubeziehen“) reicht und dort oder anderswo den Islam einzubeziehen ist bekanntlich … nicht hilfreich.]

    […] hat eine Fatwa aus dem Jahr 2009 die Beschneidung weiblicher Genitalien in Malaysia zur Pflicht gemacht. In Indonesien veröffentlichte der indonesische Rat der Muslimgelehrten (MUI) 2008 eine Fatwa, in der eine neutrale Haltung gegenüber Beschneidung weiblicher Genitalien eingenommen wird.

    [MUI hat klargestellt, dass die Sunat Perempan (Islamic FGM) nicht verboten werden darf – und anlässlich der Veröffentlichung des Fatwa ergänzt, dass die Mädchenbeschneidung zu den Ibadat (Pflichten Allah gegenüber) gehört, mithin ernsthaftes islamisches Selbstverständnis und Leben ist. Eine wirklich neutrale Haltung hingegen würde das Kindergenital bedingungslos schützen, und das hat der MUI nun einmal nicht im Sinn.]

    […] sind nach INTEGRA sowie TERRE DES FEMMES in Indonesien und Malaysia Tendenzen zu beobachten, wonach die Praxis der FGM_C nicht zurückgehe, sondern eher zunehme. […]

    Aufgrund der schlechten Datenlage wird explizit darauf verzichtet, Länder wie Oman, Iran und Thailand zu berücksichtigen. Hier liegen keine (repräsentativen) Daten zur FGM_C-Prävalenz in diesen Ländern vor.

    [Es würde ja auch erst einmal reichen, zu sagen: Der Islam fordert mindestens von den Schafiiten zwingend (wadschib) die Beschneidung der Jungen und Mädchen, FGM ist Scharia – und dieser Islam, ein anderer ist noch nicht da, kann in Deutschland nicht (nämlich in Recht und Gesetz) integriert werden.]

    file:///C:/Users/dell/AppData/Local/Temp/Studie_Produktion_14_01_2017_K5_Homepage.pdf

    .
    .
    __________

    * Rambøll, die Studie s. o. schreibt Ramboll.

    Interkulturelle Personalentwicklung
    Rambøll Management Consulting

    Bewertung interkultureller Kompetenz
    Respekt vor unterschiedlichen Kulturen / Religionen

    Klicke, um auf personalentwicklung_bf.pdf zuzugreifen

    DEUTSCHE ISLAM KONFERENZ
    Bundesamt für Migration und Flüchtlinge (BAMF)

    Bei der Umsetzung vor Ort wird das Bundesamt von den Projektträgern „Rambøll Management Consulting“ und „imap – Institut für interkulturelle Management- und Politikberatung“ unterstützt, die beide langjährige Erfahrung mit interkulturellen Öffnungsprozessen in Verwaltungen mitbringen.

    http://www.deutsche-islam-konferenz.de/SharedDocs/Meldungen/DE/2014/20140326-abh-tagung.html

    Bundesministerium für Familie, Senioren, Frauen und Jugend
    BMFSFJ Forschungsstudie
    Migrantinnenorganisationen in Deutschland
    Abschlussbericht

    Rambøll Management Consulting und TU Darmstadt

    Klicke, um auf migrantinnenorganisationen-in-deutschland-abschlussbericht-data.pdf zuzugreifen

    Deutscher Bundestag
    Drucksache 16/3968
    Kleine Anfrage
    Antwort

    geeigneter Auftragnehmer für praxisbezogene und kurzfristig zu erstellende Studien im EU-Rahmen […]

    Firma Ramboll Management

    Klicke, um auf 1603968.pdf zuzugreifen

    Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ)

    Better health care services
    More skilled workers
    Cross-section evaluation of the health sector
    Effectiveness – Efficiency – Quality of evaluation reports

    The following firms were commissioned to carry out the GIZ health review:
    Rambøll Management Consulting
    […]

    Klicke, um auf giz2015-en-cross-section-evaluation-health.pdf zuzugreifen

  60. Peninsulam Amœnam Says:

    Legal, medical and sociology experts are scheduled to testify next week before the Senate Judiciary Committee on the subject of genital mutilation. Among the witnesses is Yale professor Lori Post. Testimony is scheduled for Tuesday at 3 p.m.

    Senate moves to ban genital cutting in Michigan in wake of Detroit case | By Tresa Baldas | Detroit Free Press 27.04.2017

    http://www.freep.com/story/news/local/michigan/2017/04/27/ban-genital-cutting-michigan-detroit/100985766/

    _

    Female genital mutilation is not a Muslim practice, said Lori Post, an associate professor at the Yale School of Medicine and director of the Buehler Center for Health Policy and Economics at Northwestern University, but the harmful traditional practice is most common in areas with large Middle Eastern immigrant populations such as Metro Detroit. […]

    […] Post said. “The majority of Muslims do not practice FGM.”

    Senate OKs tougher bills for female genital mutilation | By Jonathan Oosting | Detroit News Lansing Bureau 02.05.2017

    http://www.detroitnews.com/story/news/politics/2017/05/02/senate-oks-tougher-bills-female-genital-mutilation/101217324/

    _

    (Sen. Margaret O’Brien, R-Portage and Lori Post, an associate professor at Yale, testify in support of legislation to make female genital mutilation a 15-year felony in Michigan.)

    Sen. Margaret O’Brien […] and other senators are working to make it illegal in Michigan. While it’s illegal federally, the maximum sentence is five years in prison. Senate bills 337 and 338 make female genital mutilation a state crime and establish a maximum sentence of 15 years in prison. […]

    Lori Post, an associate professor at Yale who advocates against female genital mutilation, including before the Women’s United Nations Report Network, testified in support of the legislation. […]

    Senate panel votes to make female genital mutilation a 15-year felony | By Emily Lawler | MLIVE 02.05.2017

    http://www.mlive.com/news/index.ssf/2017/05/senate_panel_votes_to_make_fem.html

    _
    _

    Khatna, khitan al-inath, sunat perempuan?
    Islam, not the muslims, is the problem.
    Muslims are the first victims of Sharia (Islamic Law).

  61. Peninsulam Amœnam Says:

    INDIA’S DARK SECRET

    Female genital mutilation is being practiced not just in Africa but in the heart of Mumbai. HT speaks to several ‘victims’ who are becoming the face of a brave fight back

    By HARINDER BAWEJA | Hindustan Times (HT)

    http://www.hindustantimes.com/static/fgm-indias-dark-secret/

    HT Media found its beginning in 1924 when its flagship newspaper, Hindustan Times was inaugurated by Mahatma Gandhi. […] Hindustan Times is the choice for nearly 3.7 million readers across India, who turn to it daily for news, information, analysis and entertainment.

    http://www.htmedia.in/Sectionb14c.html?Page=Page-HTMedia-AboutUs

    India’s Dark Secret: Female Genital Mutilation

    Reporting by: Harinder Baweja
    Video by: Athar Rather

    _

    _

  62. Cees van der Duin Says:

    FBI installed spy cam days before mutilation
    Islamic FGM (female genital mutilation). The practice is known as “khatna” in the Dawoodi Bohra community

    “Chatna” (islamische FGM) trotz einer neun Tage eher durch das FBI installierten geheimen Überwachungskamera
    Detroit, Michigan, USA: Chatna (weibliche Genitalverstümmelung, FGM) an zwei Mädchen der schiitischen Dawudi Bohra
    .
    .

    Alleged mutilations proceeded despite surveillance

    By Robert Snell | The Detroit News 03.05.2017

    Published 12:01 a.m. ET May 3, 2017 | Updated 7 hours ago

    Detroit — FBI agents were unable to stop a doctor from allegedly mutilating the genitalia of 7-year-old girls at a Livonia clinic despite installing a secret video camera outside the facility days earlier […]

    Multiple sources confirmed agents installed the camera outside the Burhani Medical Clinic in Livonia on Jan. 25, nine days before two Minnesota girls allegedly were brought to Metro Detroit for a procedure practiced by members of their small Shia Muslim sect, the Dawoodi Bohra. […]

    Dr. Fakhruddin Attar is charged alongside his wife, clinic manager Farida Attar, and Northville Dr. Jumana Nagarwala. The trio is accused of female genital mutilation, conspiring to commit female genital mutilation and trying to cover up the crimes.

    The doctors face up to life in prison if convicted of conspiracy to transport minors with intent to engage in criminal sexual activity.

    The Attars are due in federal court at 1 p.m. Wednesday, when a magistrate judge could release the Farmington Hills couple on bond. Nagarwala, meanwhile, is being held without bond pending a June 27 trial. […]

    http://www.detroitnews.com/story/news/local/detroit-city/2017/05/03/nagarwala-genital-mutiliation-clinic-livonia-surveillance/101226050/

    ::
    ::

    [ Tell me lies / Tell me sweet little lies ]

    Qasim Rashid Visiting Fellow, Harvard University’s Prince Alwaleed bin Talal School of Islamic Studies:

    „The Muslim world and Muslim scholars have spoken loud and clear — FGM has nothing to do with Islam, and Islam has nothing to do with FGM.“

    Truth:
    FGM Is an Act of Islam — Not an Act of Misunderstanding Islam

    Taqiyya:
    FGM Is an Act of Terrorism — Not an Act of Islam

    http://www.huffingtonpost.com/qasim-rashid/islam-female-genital-mutilation_b_4915939.html

    ::

    Subhi Hashwa, A student of Islamic studies

    First things first.

    Circumcision for a woman under Islam is not Female Genital Mutilation (FGM), circumcision in Islam refers to clitoral unhooding or clitoral hoodectomy, whereas FGM removes parts of the clitoris or the clitoris itself (clitoridectomy).

    The scholars agreed that circumcision for a woman is allowed but disagreed on whether it’s a obligation or something that is recommended as a prophetic guidance.

    ما حكم ختان البنات؟ – دار الإفتاء المصرية

    https://www.quora.com/Do-women-have-to-be-circumsized-under-Islamic-law

    […]

    ما حكم ختان البنات؟
    [ Chitan al-banat, ḫitān al-banāt, wörtlich Beschneidung der Töchter oder der Mädchen ((البنات), Tochter ist bint (بنت).

    Die islamische Mädchenbeschneidung heißt Chitan al-inath, ḫitān al-ināṯ (ختان الإناث) oder Chatna (ختنة) ḫatna, indonesisch und malaiisch: sunat perempuan bzw. sunat pada wanita, ferner sagt man ḫifāḍ bzw. ḫafḍ, wörtl. Einsenken oder Herabtiefen. ]

    […]

    الشيخ جاد الحق علي جاد الحق
    Ǧād al-Ḥaqq ʿAlī Ǧād al-Ḥaqq
    Scheich Dschad al-Haqq Ali Dschad al-Haqq

    Dschad al-Haqq Ali Dschad al-Haqq (geb. 5. April 1917 in Batra, Gouvernement ad-Daqahliyya; gest. 15. März 1996 in Kairo), nach ägyptischer Aussprache des Arabischen häufig auch Gad el-Hak bzw. Gad al-Haq Ali Gad al-Haq transkribiert, war von 1978 bis 1982 Großmufti von Ägypten und von 1982 bis 1996 Scheich al-Azhar. Während der 1980er Jahre war er der wichtigste und angesehenste offizielle Gelehrte Ägyptens.

    […]

    وفقه الإمام الشافعي (ج – 1 ص 297 من المهذب للشيرازي وشرحه المجموع للنووي) إن الختان واجب على الرجال والنساء.

    Islam, Rechtssprechung nach Imam asch-Schafii: „Die Beschneidung ist obligatorisch für Männer und Frauen.“

    وفقه الإمام أحمد بن حنبل (المغنى لابن قدامة ج – 1 ص 70 مع الشرح الكبيرة) إن الختان واجب على الرجال، ومكرمة في حق النساء وليس بواجب عليهن، وفي رواية أخرى عنه أنه واجب على الرجال والنساء كمذهب الإمام الشافعي.

    Islam, hanbalitisches Recht: Die Beschneidung ist eine Pflicht für die Männer und eine Ehre für die Frauen.

    […]

    فإنه أشرق للوجه وأحظى للزوج
    it brings more radiance to the face and it is more pleasant for the husband
    Das verursacht, dass ihr Gesicht strahlender aussehen wird und es ist erfreulicher für ihren Ehemann.
    Das lässt ihr Gesicht strahlender aussehen und gefällt eher ihrem Mann.

    [ ‚When you trim [when you do Islamic FGM] do it slightly and not excessively. This would bring beauty to a woman’s face and please her husband‘]

    لا تنهكي
    la tanhaki
    [aber] nicht zuviel; ohne zu übertreiben

    https://ar.beta.islamway.net/fatwa/15505/%D9%85%D8%A7-%D8%AD%D9%83%D9%85-%D8%AE%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA

    „يا أم حبيبة، إذا أنت فعلت فلا تنهكى، فإنه أشرق للوجه وأحظى للزوج“

    http://sudanforum.net/showthread.php?p=2390486

    ::

    .

    الشيخ جاد الحق علي جاد الحق
    Ǧād al-Ḥaqq ʿAlī Ǧād al-Ḥaqq
    Scheich Dschad al-Haqq Ali Dschad al-Haqq

    Dschad al-Haqq Ali Dschad al-Haqq (geb. 5. April 1917 in Batra, Gouvernement ad-Daqahliyya; gest. 15. März 1996 in Kairo), nach ägyptischer Aussprache des Arabischen häufig auch Gad el-Hak bzw. Gad al-Haq Ali Gad al-Haq transkribiert, war von 1978 bis 1982 Großmufti von Ägypten und von 1982 bis 1996 Scheich al-Azhar. Während der 1980er Jahre war er der wichtigste und angesehenste offizielle Gelehrte Ägyptens.

    https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dsch%C4%81d_al-Haqq_%CA%BFAl%C4%AB_Dsch%C4%81d_al-Haqq

    ::

    Hadith.
    The Prophet said to Umm Atiyya, or: to Umm Habiba:

    أشمِّي ولا تنهَكي
    ašimmī wa-lā tanhakī
    [Cut] slightly and do not overdo it
    [Schneide] leicht und übertreibe nicht

    Or Muhammad said:

    اختفضن ولا تنهكن
    iḫtafiḍna wa-lā tanhikna
    Cut [slightly] without exaggeration
    Schneide [leicht] und ohne Übertreibung

    ::

    Hukum Khitan
    Sunat bagi Wanita

    .

    .

    Khitan Wanita
    Khitan pada Wanita

    .

    .

    khitan perempuan
    khitan bagi anak perempuan

    .

    .

    sunat perempuan

    .

    .

    Proses Khitan Anak Perempuan Tradisi Sunat Wanita dalam Islam

    .

    .

  63. Peninsulam Amœnam Says:

    Khatna (Islamic FGM) v. pursuit of happiness

    1865
    A new bill would outlaw slavery in the US. But would that stop the practice?

    1991
    The Abolition of Racially Based Land Measures Act, 1991 (Act No. 108 of 1991) is an act of the Parliament of South Africa which repealed many of the apartheid laws that imposed race-based restrictions on land ownership and land use.

    1990
    A new bill would outlaw apartheid in South Africa. But would that stop the practice?

    .
    .

    2017
    A new bill would outlaw female genital mutilation in Michigan. But would that stop the practice?

    By Cheyna Roth • 01.05.2017

    [ a true follower of Quran and Sunna for whom khatna – FGM – is a way of life ]

    a true believer for whom the practice is a way of life

    http://michiganradio.org/post/new-bill-would-outlaw-female-genital-mutilation-michigan-would-stop-practice

  64. Peninsulam Amœnam Says:

    Khatna (Islamic FGM) v. pursuit of happiness

    „the male leaders continue to advocate for this practice and maintain its importance in religious doctrine“
    .
    .

    By: Anonymous
    Country: United States
    Age: 34

    Shortly after my seventh birthday, I went to visit my grandmother in New York. My mother told me this visit was going to be special because I turned seven and I had to have something “important done”. “All girls have to have it done when they turn seven,” I was told, just as my older sisters had it done before me. My mother said it was to ensure a “good marriage” when I am older. At the age of seven, this was a more than sufficient explanation for me. I just took this explanation as the norm, and even believed that women of all faiths and cultures must undergo the same experience. At the time, I had no idea that day would be life-changing for me on so many levels.

    The procedure harmed me physically. It was, unsurprisingly, botched, being conducted on a basement floor by an untrained older housewife in our community. But the message I was told that day – “this will help your marriage”, and messages I was subsequently told throughout my life “this is to make sure women’s urges are controlled”, “these things are done to make sure you are loyal to your husband”, “women need to appease their husband” – these messages are what truly did the most psychological harm. These messages have caused me to live a life in which I felt inferior to my partner and felt shame for all my natural urges/feelings. […]

    So by villainizing her, punishing her – you may scare some other doctors from conducting the practice. You may deter some other mothers from having their children undergo the procedure. But punishing her does not punish the true abusers. As long as the male leaders continue to advocate for this practice and maintain its importance in religious doctrine, followers will continue to adhere to the guidance of their respected leaders. My worst fear is that this public case mixed with continued pro-FGC messaging from our community will drive this practice underground even more. So instead of having doctors illegally practice in their sanitized clinics after hours – our girls will be subjected to experiences similar to mine – being cut by their grandmothers on an unsanitary cold basement floor.

    Let us not vilify the Detroit doctor as we work to end Female Genital Cutting | Sahiyo 24.04.2017

    Let us not vilify the Detroit doctor as we work to end Female Genital Cutting

    Khatna is Islamic Law, in other words: FGM is Sharia. What Do You Want – Man-Made Laws or Hakimiyya Allah (God’s Rule).

  65. Speramus Meliora • Resurget Cineribus Says:

    .

    .

    Detroit – A federal magistrate Wednesday ordered a Farmington Hills doctor and his wife jailed without bond pending trial, saying they are a danger to girls victimized in the country’s first female genital mutilation case.

    U.S. Magistrate Judge Elizabeth Stafford made the ruling after a two-hour hearing that featured defense attacks on the government’s evidence and provided new details on a case drawing international attention about a secretive, illegal procedure practiced by a small sect of Shia Muslims from India.

    Dr. Fakhruddin Attar and his wife, Farida Attar, did not react to the magistrate’s order, which deemed the couple a flight risk. They are accused of committing female genital mutilation, trying to cover up the crime and conspiring with Northville Dr. Jumana Nagarwala to cut girls as part of a procedure practiced by their religious and cultural community, the Dawoodi Bohra. […]

    Nagarwala also is being held without bond pending trial. […]

    Fakhruddin Attar’s lawyer Mary Chartier produced receipts showing the doctor was not at the clinic the night the girls allegedly were mutilated. […]

    “There is not one piece of evidence that Dr. Attar ever touched a child,” Chartier said.

    On Wednesday, lawyers for the Attars appeared to adopt Nagarwala’s defense, saying the operation was a religious procedure, not mutilation. […]

    Judge locks up doctor, wife in genital mutilation case | By Robert Snell | The Detroit News 03.05.2017

    http://www.detroitnews.com/story/news/local/detroit-city/2017/05/03/doctor-wife-denied-bond-genital-mutilation/101257464/

    .

    .

    Nous espérons des temps meilleurs • Elle renaîtra des cendres
    We hope for better things • It will rise from the ashes

  66. Jacques Auvergne Says:

    Weibliche Genitalverstümmelung (FGM) unter Flüchtlingen in Griechenland: Opfer aus Pakistan und Indonesien?

    Ακρωτηριασμός γυναικείων γεννητικών οργάνων
    Ακρωτηριασμός των Γυναικείων Γεννητικών Οργάνων (ΑΓΓΟ)
    ΑΓΓΟ = FGM

    Ξένη Δημητρίου
    Xeni Dimitriou (Xenia Demetriou) Staatsanwältin

    Ξένια Δημητρίου
    Ξένη Δημητρίου Βασιλοπούλου

    Εισαγγελέας του Αρείου Πάγου
    SUPREME COURT

    https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%95%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%B1%CE%B3%CE%B3%CE%B5%CE%BB%CE%AD%CE%B1%CF%82_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%91%CF%81%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%A0%CE%AC%CE%B3%CE%BF%CF%85

    .

    Presseerklärung Supreme Court 03.05.2017

    Κατεπείγουσα έρευνα για ακρωτηριασμούς γεννητικών οργάνων κοριτσιών

    Τη διενέργεια προκαταρκτικής εξέτασης διέταξε ο προϊστάμενος της Εισαγγελίας Πρωτοδικών Ηλίας Ζαγοραίος κατόπιν παραγγελίας της εισαγγελέως του Αρείου Πάγου, Ξένης Δημητρίου, με αφορμή δημοσίευμα της εφημερίδας «Πρώτο Θέμα» για επεμβάσεις ακρωτηριασμού γεννητικών οργάνων ανήλικων κοριτσιών στην Ελλάδα.

    Σύμφωνα με το δημοσίευμα, μέλος ΜΚΟ που ασχολείται με πρόσφυγες και μετανάστες καταγγέλλει ότι δεκάδες κορίτσια, κάτω των 15 ετών, έχουν υποστεί ακρωτηριασμό σε διάφορες περιοχές της χώρας μας.

    Οι επεμβάσεις αυτές, έναντι αμοιβής σε όλη τη χώρα αλλά και στην Αθήνα, γίνονται χωρίς τήρηση κανόνων ασφαλείας και υγιεινής και χωρίς καν τη χρήση αναισθητικού. Σύμφωνα μάλιστα με την καταγγελία, στην Αθήνα και σε κάποια hot spots υπάρχει «ολόκληρη βιομηχανία» από τις «θεραπεύτριες» που αναλαμβάνουν να κάνουν τέτοιου είδους επεμβάσεις. […]

    Σύμφωνα με την παραγγελία της εισαγγελέως του Αρείου Πάγου, […]

    https://www.efsyn.gr/arthro/katepeigoysa-ereyna-gia-akrotiriasmoys-gennitikon-organon-koritsion

    .

    Εισαγγελική έρευνα για τις κλειτοριδεκτομές στην Αθήνα που αποκάλυψε το Πρώτο ΘΕΜΑ

    von: Vasiliki Kokkali (Βασιλική Κόκκαλη) | Proto Thema 03.05.2017

    […] Γίνεται σε κορίτσια που κατάγονται από το Πακιστάν, την Ινδονησία και άλλες χώρες. […] [ Mädchen aus Pakistan, Indonesien und anderen Ländern. ]

    http://www.protothema.gr/greece/article/676110/eisaggeliki-ereuna-gia-tis-kleitoridektomes-stin-athina-pou-apokalupse-to-proto-thema/

    Female genital mutilation in Greece!

    von: Thema Newsroom (Proto Thema) 26.04.2017

    http://en.protothema.gr/female-genital-mutilation-in-greece/

    .

    Prosecutor investigates claims of “genital mutilation” in refugee and migrant girls

    Keep Talking, Greece 03.05.2017

    […] According to the claims, dozens of girls under 15 underwent this torture. their parents hire either elderly midwives or unauthorized imams for a fee. The operations are performed without anesthesia, safety or hygiene rules. In some hot spots across the country, but also in Athens, a whole industry of such ‘therapists’ has been established, the NGO-member denounced. […]

    Prosecutor investigates claims of „genital mutilation“ in refugee and migrant girls

    .

    Areopag will gegen mögliche Genitalverstümmelung vorgehen

    Griechenland Zeitung 03.05.2017 | von Elisa Hübel

    Das griechische Höchstgericht, der Areopag, hat den Auftrag gegeben, eine Voruntersuchung wegen des Verdachts auf mögliche weibliche Genitalverstümmelung in Griechenland durchzuführen. Vorangegangen ist eine Reportage der Zeitung „Proto Thema“. Demnach sollen angeblich in Athen als auch in einigen Flüchtlingslagern Genitalverstümmelung an Mädchen bzw. jungen Frauen vorgenommen werden.

    Opfer seien nicht nur Menschen aus Afrika, sondern auch aus Pakistan und Indonesien. […] In Griechenland sowie in anderen Ländern der EU ist ein derartiges Vorgehen gesetzeswidrig. Die Staatsanwältin des Areopags Xeni Dimitriou sprach von „Brutalität, die vom griechischen Staat nicht toleriert wird.“

    https://www.griechenland.net/nachrichten/chronik/21740-areopag-will-gegen-m%C3%B6gliche-genitalverst%C3%BCmmelung-vorgehen

  67. Jacques Auvergne Says:

    لاَ تُنْهِكِي فَإِنَّ ذَلِكَ أَحْظَى لِلْمَرْأَةِ وَأَحَبُّ إِلَى الْبَعْلِ‏
    Do not cut severely as that is better for a woman and more desirable for a husband.
    Schneid es nicht ganz weg, so ist es besser für die Frau und erfreut mehr den Mann.

    Narrated Umm Atiyyah al-Ansariyyah: A woman used to perform circumcision in Medina. The Prophet (peace be upon him) said to her: Do not cut severely as that is better for a woman and more desirable for a husband.

    Sunan Abu Dawud 41:5251

    https://wikiislam.net/wiki/Qur%27an,_Hadith_and_Scholars:Female_Genital_Mutilation

    Sunan Abu Dawud : Dar-us-Salam reference / Hadith 5271

    Narrated Umm Atiyyah al-Ansariyyah:

    A woman used to perform circumcision in Medina. The Prophet (…) said to her:

    Do not cut severely as that is better for a woman and more desirable for a husband.

    Abu Dawud said: It has been transmitted by ‚Ubaid Allah b. ‚Amr from ‚Abd al-Malik to the same effect through a different chain. Abu Dawud said: It is not a strong tradition. It has been transmitted in mursal form (missing the link of the Companions) Abu Dawud said: Muhammad b. Hasan is obscure, and this tradition is weak.

    Dar-us-Salam reference
    Sunan Abu Dawud Hadith 5271

    Ahmad Hasan translation
    Hadith 5251

    USC-MSA web (English) reference
    Book 41, Hadith 5251

    http://quranx.com/Hadith/AbuDawud/USC-MSA/Book-41/Hadith-5251/

    82859: هل ورد حديث صحيح في ختان الإناث

    هل يوجد دليل كحديث صحيح ينص أن نبي الله صلى الله عليه وسلم أمر أو سمح لزوجاته أو بناته بالختان بأي شكل أو صفة ؟.

    https://islamqa.info/ar/82859

    (لا تنهكي“ فإن ذلك أحظى للمرأة وأحب إلى البعل)

    https://books.google.de/books?id=7CZJCwAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&hl=de#v=onepage&q&f=false

    Mohammed soll darauf entgegnet haben: »Aber ja, es ist erlaubt … wenn du schneidest, übertreibe aber nicht, denn es macht das Gesicht strahlender, und es ist angenehmer für den Ehemann.« Einer anderen Quelle zufolge habe er gesagt: »Schneid es nicht ganz weg, so ist es besser für die Frau und erfreut mehr den Mann.«

    Hurriya heißt Freiheit: Die arabische Revolte und die Frauen – eine Reise durch Ägypten, Tunesien und Marokko | von Necla Kelek (Autor)

    https://books.google.de/books?id=b05mAgAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&hl=de#v=onepage&q&f=false

    أبو الفرج ابن الجوزي
    Abū l-Faraǧ ibn al-Ǧauzī
    Ebu’l-Ferec İbnü’l Cevzî
    Abu’l-Faraj ibn al-Jawzi
    Abu l-Faradsch ibn al-Dschauzi

    [ Ibn al-Dschauzi († 1200), hanbalitischer Rechtsgelehrter, Autorität für Koranexegese (tafsīr), Interpret der Überlieferung (ḥadīṯ). ]

    Die Beschneidung ist Pflicht bei Mann und Frau.

    Über die Sitte der Beschneidung überliefert Abu Dawud in seinem Sunan einen Hadith von Umm ‚Atiyya al-Ansariyya:

    „In Medina gab es eine Frau, die beschnitt. Der Prophet, (…), sprach zu ihr:

    ‚Beschneide nicht viel! Das ist zum Vorteil der Frau und ist für den Mann anziehend.‘ “

    (Ibn al-Dschauzi: Das Buch der Weisungen für Frauen, Kitab ahkam al-nisa, Verlag der Weltreligionen, Seite 21)

    http://de.soc.weltanschauung.islam.narkive.com/IMHWBdYO/vorhaut-infos

    ::
    ::

    Abū l-Faraǧ Ibn al-Ǧauzī (1116-1200) ist Verfasser eines Werkes sunnitischer Sexualpolitik (šarīʿa, islām) namens »Kitāb aḥkam an-nisāʾ«, das inzwischen dank der Arbeit der Hannelies Koloska (Übersetzerin, Herausgeberin) als »Ibn al-Djauzī: Das Buch der Weisungen für Frauen« auch in Deutscher Sprache erscheinen konnte (Verlag der Weltreligionen im Insel Verlag, Frankfurt am Main und Leipzig 2009).

    Kapitel 6 Von der Beschneidung der Frau. Die Beschneidung ist Pflicht bei Mann und Frau. Über die Sitte der Beschneidung überliefert Abū Dāwūd in seinem Sunan einen Hadith von Umm ʿAṭiya al-Anṣārīya In Medina gab es eine Frau, die beschnitt. Der Prophet, Gott segne ihn und schenke ihm Heil, sprach zu ihr: »Beschneide nicht viel! Das ist zum Vorteil der Frau und ist für den Mann anziehend.« Überliefert von Anas: »Der Prophet … sprach zu Umm ʿAṭiya: Wenn du beschneidest, beschneide nur wenig, so wie du auch nur wenig Parfüm aufträgst! Es macht sie angesehener und ist genussvoller für den Ehemann.«

    Abū ʿUthmān al-Baṣrī sagte, dass der Grund, warum die Frauen ursprünglich beschnitten wurden, nicht darin lag, die Schönheit zu vergrößern, ohne das Begehren zu schwächen, sondern allein der war, ihre Sittsamkeit zu erhöhen. Der Gesandte Gottes … meinte mit seiner Rede: »Beschneide nicht viel!«, dass man vom Geschlecht der Frau nur so viel abschneide, dass es ihr zu einem Grad der Mäßigung verhelfe, denn wenn die Begierde gänzlich abnimmt, versiegt auch der Genuss. Solches aber führt zur Verminderung der Liebe zwischen den Eheleuten, die bekanntermaßen eine Fessel ist, welche die Unzucht abhält.

    Einige der ehrbaren Leute pflegten über die Beschneidung zu sagen: »Beschneide nur das, was sichtbar ist!«

    Die meisten Sittsamen sind beschnitten.

    Der Beweis, dass die Beschneidung eine Notwendigkeit ist, liegt in der Verletzung, die dadurch entsteht, und in der Entblößung der Scham. Wäre es nämlich keine Notwendigkeit, würde es keinen Spielraum dafür geben.

    Islam und FGM. Von deutschen Multikulturalisten wie Dr. Sabine Schiffer wird dieser Zusammenhang bar jeder nennenswerten Islamkenntnis schnatternd abgestritten, von Islamfunktionären wie Rüdiger-Nehberg-Seelsorger Tarafa Baghajati (1), Omar al-Rawi (2) von der Initiative muslimischer Österreicherinnen und Österreicher wie auch von Anas Shakfeh von der IGGiÖ aus geheiligt kalkulierter Lüge sprich taqiyya.

    FGM ist eben auch islamisch. Schariafreund Rüdiger Nehberg (3) ficht das alles nicht an (4). […]

    Das weibliche Recht auf Gehorsam | Den »Kitāb aḥkam an-nisāʾ« liest Jacques Auvergne (2009)

    135. Ibn al-Ǧauzī und die Frau im Islam

  68. Cees van der Duin Says:

    STOP sunat perempuan (Islamic FGM) in Indonesia, Malaysia, Brunei, Singapore, Thailand
    .
    .

    FGM in Indonesia hits alarming level

    by: Anggi M. Lubis and Hans Nicholas Jong | The Jakarta Post 06.02.2016

    Half of girls under 11 years old in Indonesia are circumcised, according to the latest finding by UNICEF, raising awareness and calls for bans on female genital mutilation (FGM) practices in the world’s most populous Muslim majority country. […]

    According to the data, 14-year-old girls and below represent 44 million of those who have been cut, and Indonesia is among the three countries with the highest prevalence of FGM among this age group, along with Gambia and Mauritania.

    UNICEF Indonesia spokeswoman Kinanti Pinta Karana said the survey indicated that 13.4 million Indonesian girls aged 11 and below might have undergone FGM. […]

    UNICEF data said prevalence of FGM in Indonesia was generally high in every province, with only Papua, East Nusa Tenggara and Bali recording one-digit percentages of circumcised girls in their respective populations. The practice is common in Jakarta, which is among the 10 provinces with the highest percentage of circumcised girls aged 11 and below, at 68.1 percent.

    FGM in Indonesia is strongly related to culture and religion. […]

    http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2016/02/06/fgm-indonesia-hits-alarming-level.html

    ::

    sunat perempuan [ Islamische FGM ] in
    Malaysia
    Singapur
    Brunei
    Thailand – südliche (muslimische) Provinzen Yala, Narathiwat and Pattani

    FGM in Singapur

    Singapore Comes Under Pressure Over Female Genital Cutting of Babies

    Medical clinics in Singapore are carrying out female genital cutting on babies […]

    Filzah Sumartono of women’s rights group Aware […] „In my own circle of friends who are Malay and Muslim, 100 percent have been cut,“ said Sumartono, who was cut herself at one month old.

    „But it is very hidden. Whenever I bring up the subject with non-Malay they’re shocked and can’t believe it happens in Singapore.“ […]

    Sumartono said the practice — known locally as sunat perempuan — was usually done before the age of two and may involve cutting the tip of the clitoris [ FGM Type Ib ] or making a small nick [FGM Type IV]. […]

    „We know five or six clinics offer the procedure — at around 20-35 Singapore dollars ($15-$26),“ she added. „There’s no legislation. It’s done openly. You can just call up to make an appointment.“ […]

    Female circumcision, if done in the proper manner as prescribed by our Prophet Mohammad, ought to be continued,“ one Malay woman from Singapore, who has recently had her granddaughter cut, told the Thomson Reuters Foundation.

    […] She said the amount [Menge, Quantum] removed was „very tiny“ and should not be classed as FGM

    […] The World Health Organization, however, says FGM includes any injury to the female genitals. […]

    Research suggests sunat perempuan [ Islamic FGM ] is common among Muslim Malays in Malaysia, which neighbors Singapore, and is also practised in Brunei and part of southern Thailand. […]

    Thomson Reuters Foundation | Jakarta Globe

    http://jakartaglobe.id/international/singapore-comes-pressure-female-genital-cutting-babies/

    ::

    FGM in Thailand

    in the three southernmost provinces of Yala, Narathiwat and Pattani, ethnic Malay Muslims are a majority

    […] “Her clitoris is so small,” says Dah, 64, who seems a little flustered as she swabs the crying baby’s vulva with alcohol with her gloved hands. Despite her experience, she is having difficulty finding the clitoris as the baby squirms on the operating table. She holds a sterile surgical blade, for which she has fashioned a handle out of tin foil.

    [ Klitoris – bei Amputation von Klitorisgewebe ist das eine FGM Typ FGM Typ Ib, bei einem lediglichen Einschnitt mit der Skalpellklinge in die Klitoris eine FGM Typ IV ]

    After five long minutes, during which the baby cries relentlessly and the mother tries to comfort her, the incision is finally made. The midwife mops up a drop of blood with a cotton swab, recites the name of God [Allah], and declares the baby “circumcised”.

    “I feel relieved that I have done my duty,” the mother says. […] [ wadschib. Pflicht. ]

    https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2015/apr/01/thailand-muslim-south-authorities-blind-eye-fgm-who

    ::

    Khitan pada wanita (Weibliche Genitalbeschneidung, aus der unterstützenswerten Sicht der WHO Genitalverstümmelung, FGM)

    Khitan perempuan wajib … schafiitisch ist die Mädchenbeschneidung wadschib, islamisch verpflichtend, den anderen drei Rechtsschulen des sunnitischen Islam ehrenhaft, ehrbar (makruma) oder nachzuahmendes prophetisches Beispiel, sunna. Verpönt, missbilligt (makruh) ist sie nicht, eindeutig unislamisch, islamrechtlich verboten (haram) ist allenfalls FGM Typ III der WHO-Klassifikation.

    Para ulama di Indonesia belum bisa menyetujui apakah khitan perempuan wajib, makruh, sunnah, atau lain.

    https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khitan_pada_wanita

  69. 1+1=2 Says:

    American feminists groups don’t seem to be worried at all about this practice

    … often … related to Islam
    .
    .
    .

    Ayaan Hirsi Ali: Culture ‚Never An Excuse‘ To Harm Girls With Genital Mutilation

    Human rights activist Ayaan Hirsi Ali reacted to a Detroit surgeon being charged with genital mutilation of a young girl in the ER. Ali, who was subjected to the grisly practice in Somalia, said Dr. Jumana Nagarwala must be punished for her alleged actions. She said young girls are taken either overseas or to states without a ban on the practice to have their private parts surgically mutilated. In Nagarwala’s case, a Minnesota girl was taken to Michigan because her home state banned the surgery. Ali said the reasoning for the operation, which suppresses libido and better ensures virginity, is often cultural or related to Islam. Tucker Carlson said every legislator and women’s rights group should be actively opposing the practice.

    Though there are federal laws governing the issue, Ali said there are 26 states without a ban on the operation. „We cannot sacrifice little girls on the altar of identity politics,“ she said, noting that it is often the obscene nature of the operation that makes discussion of it taboo. Ali said her „AHA“ foundation works to prevent the operation from continuing, and helps protect the half-million girls at risk of having it done to them.

    .

    .

    Tucker: Genital mutilation not important to US feminists

    A Detroit doctor, Dr. Jumana Nagarwala, has been charged with running a female genital mutilation racket, performing the procedure on girls as young as 6 to 8 years old. But American feminists groups don’t seem to be worried at all about this practice.

    .

    Two more Michigan doctors charged in female genital mutilation case

    DETROIT — Fakhruddin Attar, and his wife, Farida Attar, were arrested and charged with their alleged participation in a conspiracy to perform female genital mutilations on young girls, federal prosecutors say.

    .

    .

  70. Cees van der Duin Says:

    haram ki boti
    Sinful flesh, immoral lump of flesh — clitoris. The flesh that can lead a woman astray.
    Sündiges Fleisch, unmoralischer Fleischklumpen — Klitoris. Das Fleisch, das eine Frau vom rechten Weg abbringen kann.
    .
    .

    Mumbai – Bilqis ist Ärztin und hat dennoch ihre Tochter beschneiden lassen. Sie habe es aus Respekt vor ihrer Religion getan, sagt die 50-Jährige und ist sich heute nicht mehr sicher, ob sie damals die richtige Entscheidung traf. Sie gehört zu den Dawudi Bohras, einer ismailitischen Gruppe, die hauptsächlich in Indien und den USA anzutreffen ist. Innerhalb der Bohras ist das Thema der Beschneidung von Mädchenheftig umstritten. […]

    Ältere Dawudi-Frauen nennen die Klitoris „haraam ki boti“, sündiges Fleisch, das Fleisch, das eine Frau vom rechten Weg abbringen kann. „Es ist furchtbar und abstoßend, dass diese absolut natürlichen Erfahrungen in den Schmutz gezogen werden“, sagt Alefiya. „Die Schuld der Sexualität schwebt ständig über unseren Köpfen.“

    Pflichtgefühl der Religion gegenüber

    Die Ärztin Bilqis wurde als Kind beschnitten, kann sich daran aber kaum noch erinnern. Für sie sei es weder schädlich noch traumatisch gewesen, erzählt sie. Als Ärztin habe sie später ein Kind gesehen, das nach einem zu tiefen Schnitt behandelt werden musste. Vor 15 Jahren ließ sie ihre eigene Tochter beschneiden, aus einem Pflichtgefühl ihrer Religion gegenüber.

    Gemeinde streitet über Beschneidung von Mädchen | Von red/AP | Stuttgarter Nachrichten (StN) 03.08.2016

    http://www.stuttgarter-nachrichten.de/inhalt.indien-gemeinde-streitet-ueber-beschneidung-von-maedchen.3a4314d6-5cb1-4e02-8eaa-6637b85662bb.html

    ::

    „You’re not supposed to have ‚haraam ki boti‘ in you.“

    [ Chatna (anglis. khatna) lediglich als FGM Typ Ia (Klitorisvorhaut) oder Typ IV zu definieren (khatna – the practice of snipping off the tip of the clitoral hood – also known as Female Genital Cutting (FGC)) ist eine Lüge, die nichts bringt – Chatna kann auch FGM Typ Ib sein (Klitoris). ]

    https://video.scroll.in/829090/female-genital-cutting-in-india-four-women-share-their-chilling-stories-of-khatna

    ::

    Haraami boti or Haram Ki Chamdi.

    ::

    In India, the Dawoodi Bohra community follows “Clitoridectomy: partial or total removal of the clitoris”. The term used for the clitoris by the women in the community is Haraami boti or Haram Ki Chamdi.

    http://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/life-style/lifting-the-veil-of-silence/

    ::

    [ Chatna — islamische weibliche Genitalverstümmelung (FGM) ]

    KHATAM KARO KHATNA | Chitkara Musings 17.02.2016

    The clitoris is termed as HARAM KI BOTI (immoral lump of flesh) by varied women, hence removed to ensure the girl does not masturbate or have an inclination for any sort of affair.

    KHATAM KARO KHATNA

    ::

    Yusuf al-Qaradawi schrieb zwei Fatawa zur islamischen FGM

    Seite 98 Absatz von „Seine im Ursprung alte Fatwa“ bis „aktualisiert nachzulesen.“ und die dazugehörige Fußnote 458 „Im vergangenen Jahr“ bis „(Stand: 21.1.2007)“ zum alten und neuen Fatwa.

    (Die islamrechtliche Beurteilung der Mädchenbeschneidung | von: Dörthe Engels (2008))

    [ Ḥurma, körperliche Unversehrtheit nach Koran und Sunna? Die islamische Hurma integriert abgehackte Hand, abgehackten Fuß (diesen nur von der gegenüberliegenden Körperseite) und abgehackten Kopf.

    Was per Chatna oder Chitan am männlichen oder weiblichen Genital abzuschneiden ist, hat zum islamisch heilen (hurma, ḥurma) erwachsenen Körper einfach nicht dazugehört. ]

    Klicke, um auf Magisterarbeit_Doerthe_Engels.pdf zuzugreifen

    ::

    [ Aber nicht zuviel – ohne zu übertreiben. Reduce the size of the clitoris, da steht Klitoris – für wie doof halten wir eigentlich die steinzeitlichen Alten oder islamischen Scheiche? Wenn die schreiben Klitoris, meinen die nicht Klitorisvorhaut. Die wissen was Spaß macht … was einst Freude bereitete. ]

    Yusuf al-Qaradawi

    Reduce the size of the clitoris but do not exceed the limit, for that is better for her health and is preferred by husbands.

    ___ps://archive.islamonline.net/?p=6646

    ::

    India Shiite sect divided on circumcising girls

    .

    .

    Bohra Women slam cruel tradition of female genital mutilation India Today

    .

    .

  71. Edward von Roy Says:

    „The act must be done. It needs to be done discreetly when it is a woman, but it needs to be done.“

    (Syedna Muffadal Saifuddin, spiritual leader of the Dawoodi Bohra community)

    RELIGIOUS OBLIGATION

    […] the Bohras consider ‚khatna‘ – the removal of part of the clitoris – a religious obligation, and debate on the subject has long been taboo.

    Bohra Muslim leader speech urging FGM is ‚huge disappointment‘ for India campaign · by Rina Chandran · Daily Mail 29.04.2016

    http://www.dailymail.co.uk/wires/reuters/article-3565645/Bohra-Muslim-leader-speech-urging-FGM-huge-disappointment-India-campaign.html

    __

    Oakland County, Michigan

    Oakland County is a county in the U.S. state of Michigan, northwest of the Detroit metropolitan area. As of the 2010 census, its population was 1,202,362, making it the second-most populous county in Michigan, behind neighboring Wayne County. The county seat is Pontiac. The county was founded in 1819 and organized in 1820.

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oakland_County,_Michigan

    Wayne County, Michigan

    Wayne County is the most populous county in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2010 census, its population was 1,820,584, making it the 19th-most populous county in the United States. The 2014 Census update listed the county’s population at 1,764,804. The county seat is Detroit, the most populous city in Michigan and 18th-most populous city in the United States. The county was founded in 1796 and organized in 1815.

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayne_County,_Michigan

    __
    __

    State tries to strip parental rights in mutilation case

    by: Robert Snell (Jonathan Oosting contributed) · The Detroit News 05.-06-05.2017

    Detroit — Child welfare officials moved Friday to terminate the parental rights of as many as five families from a small Shia Muslim sect in Metro Detroit, alleging their children are victims of female genital mutilation, a lawyer said.

    The initial moves could impact as many as 12 children from the families in Oakland and Wayne counties and sent waves of fear rippling across the local Dawoodi Bohra community. […]

    The two doctors and Attar’s wife are members of the Dawoodi Bohra religious community based locally out of the Anjuman-e-Najmi mosque on Orchard Lake Road in Farmington Hills. It’s the only Dawoodi Bohra mosque in Michigan.

    The Dawoodi Bohras hail mostly from western India and were traditionally comprised of businessmen, entrepreneurs and professionals. There are about 1 million followers worldwide.

    Sect members were linked to a cutting scandal in Australia two years ago.

    Three Dawoodi Bohras faced trial in Australia in a case that raised awareness of female genital mutilation. The case ended in prison sentences for the three, including a Dawoodi Bohra community leader.

    http://www.detroitnews.com/story/news/local/detroit-city/2017/05/05/genital-mutilation-cases/101353874/

    __

    Genital mutilation suspects say money was for Quran lessons, not surgeries

    by: Gus Burns · MLive 03.-04.05.2017

    […] the lawyer said Dr. Jumana Nagarwala, 44, of Northville, removed the membrane [ „membrane“? She „removed (cut off) a part of the clitoral hood (FGM Type Ia), or part of the labia (FGM Type Ib), or performed another injury (FGM Type IV), she performed FGM (FGM = FGM Type I, II, III, IV) thereby violating 18 USC 116 (female genital mutilation) ] from the girls‘ genitals as part of a religious [ yes, Islamic ] practice that is tied to [ Shia ] Muslim group [ Dawoodi Bohra ] that the doctor belongs to.

    Attorney Shannon Smith said that her client removed the membrane from the girls vaginal parts [ she „removed“? She amputated intact genital tissue. Nagerwala exercised FGM ] and gave it the girls‘ parents, who would then bury it following a custom practiced by [ Shia Islam of ] Dawoodi Bohra.

    […] Chartier says Dr. Attar never spoke to the families of the girls prosecutors say the surgeries were performed on and the Minnesota number belonged to a religious Muslim leader who was being paid to help teach Dr. Attar how to memorize the Koran.

    But she says the man was „no longer ministering“ to the Minnesota community and had moved to Philadelphia.

    […] the religious leader was also helping Dr. Attar’s son memorize the Koran, so the $1,000 was to compensate for the training of two people.

    [ pious folks, pious Quran readers, pious practitioners of khatna, Islamic FGM ]

    […] They are charged with crimes related to illegal female genital mutilation [ FGM ] surgery, making false claims to investigators and tampering with witnesses by telling families of the girls to deny what happened and not talk to investigators.

    Dr. Attar and Nagarwala are also charged with the […] crime of conspiracy to transport a minor with intent to engage in criminal sexual activity […]

    http://www.mlive.com/news/detroit/index.ssf/2017/05/money_was_for_koran_lessons_no.html

    __

    Genital mutilation probe targets doctors‘ daughters

    by: Tresa Baldas · Detroit Free Press 03.-04.05.2017

    […] Chartier said her client was only talking to the man because he was helping him memorize the Quran. […]

    Attar, his wife and Nagarwala are part of [ the ] small, Indian-Muslim community Dawoodi Bohra, which was at the center of an Australian genital cutting prosecution that sent three people to prison in 2015. Nagarwala has maintained that she did not engage in any actual cutting but rather removed only a membrane from the girl’s genitalia and gave it to he parents for burial as part of a religious [ yes. FGM as prescribed by Sharia Law ] custom. […]

    A follow-up exam by a Minnesota doctor revealed that the girls‘ genitals had been altered or removed […]

    The Minnesota parents have not been charged. [ Why? Who finally places a criminal complaint against the parents?! ] […]

    Authorities said they also intercepted phone calls in which Attar’s wife is heard telling one Michigan member of the religious community [ to use taqiyya – Lying for the Sake of Allah ] not to cooperate if [ Dhimmi or Harbi ] investigators inquire about the procedures. She allegedly told that parent to „completely deny“ allegations of genital mutilation and „to say that nothing happened.“

    http://www.freep.com/story/news/local/michigan/detroit/2017/05/03/genital-mutilation-probe-targets-doctors-daughters/101263068/

    __

    The Dawoodi Bohras give particular prominence to a 10th century text of jurisprudence called Daim-al Islam, [Daʿaʾim al-Islām] written by Qazi Noman [Abū Ḥanīfa an-Nuʿmān bin Muḥammad at-Tamīmī, al-Qadi al-Numan]. This text mentions khatna for males and females as a sunnat (recommendation) for purposes of taharat, or cleanliness, hygiene and purity. This is believed to include not just physical purity but also spiritual. […]

    One woman interviewed in the study stated that according to religious teachings she had gained while attending Aljamea-tus-Saifiyah, when both a man and woman are circumcised, a certain kind of essential knowledge or ilm is passed between the married couple during the act of sex.

    https://sahiyo.com/faqs/

    Surat (Gujarati સુરત, Hindi सुरत) ist eine Stadt mit etwa 4,5 Millionen Einwohnern im Südosten des indischen Bundesstaats Gujarat. Die schiitische Lehrstätte Aljamea-tus-Saifiyah (früherer Name Daras-e-Saifee).

    Aljamea-tus-Saifiyah is the principal educational institute of the Dawoodi Bohra community. Its sole benefactor, His Holiness Syedna Mufaddal Saifuddin,

    ___p://jameasaifiyah.edu/a-warm-welcome/

    In 2011, during his centennial celebrations, Syedna Mohammed Burhanuddin established Al Jamea tus Saifiyah in Nairobi, Kenya. The construction of this 14 acre campus commenced in 2013, and was completed by Mufaddal Saifuddin and inaugurated by President Uhuru Kenyatta on 20 April 2017.

    Nairobi und April 2017 … eben dahin wollte die amerikanische Mädchenbeschneiderin und Ärztin Dr. Jumana Nagarwala fliegen (in Detroit noch auf dem Flughafen verhaftet).

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Jamea_tus_Saifiyah

    __

    Der Qādī

    In der islamischen Staatslehre ist der Qadi (القاضي al-qāḍī, Entscheider, Richter) ein Rechtsgelehrter, der im Auftrag des Kalifen vor allem richterliche Funktionen wahrnimmt nach dem Normensystem des Islamischen Rechts (Scharia; Fiqh).

    Abū Ḥanīfa an-Nuʿmān bin Muḥammad at-Tamīmī
    al-Qadi al-Numan
    Buch:
    دعائم الاسلام
    Daʿaʾim al-Islām
    Daim al-Islam

    Als wichtigstes erhaltenes Werk gilt das Da’a’im al-Islam (Die Säulen des Islam / The Pillars of Islam)

    https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ismailitische_Rechtsschule

    The Daʿaʾim al-Islam, the major legal work of the Fatimid period during which time the Ismaili madhab per se was established,

    https://books.google.de/books?id=EYCoBAAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&hl=de#v=onepage&q&f=false

    __

    No More Khatna: Meet the Five Women Standing against the Ritual of Female Circumcision in India

    khatna. The problem lies in the fact that [Muslim] pro-khatna supporters are able to justify it using […] texts […] One of these books is the Daim ul-Islam (aka The Pillars of Islam) written by Qāżi Noʿmān [al-Qadi al-Numan] (an Isma’ili jurist and the official historian of the Fatimid caliphs). This book serves as the primary source of law (sharia) for some Mustaali Isma’ili communities, including the Dawoodi Bohras. […]

    The Sahifas are the other set of handbooks published by Aljamea-tus-Saifiyah – Academy of 52nd al-DAI-AL-MUTLAQ – India, that provide guidance and the mandatory or obligatory tenets, rules and rituals of faith binding upon the Dawoodi Bohra diaspora worldwide which recommend khatna on girls after seven years of age.

    by Aminah Sheikh · The better India 08.12.2016 (?)

    http://www.thebetterindia.com/77521/sahiyo-female-genital-circumcision/

    __

    What happens when a religious leader supports female genital mutilation

    By Anubha Bhonsle · WMC Women Under Siege 03.08.2016

    […] What would it take to stop khatna? I ask Farida.

    “If the Syedna says, ‘Don’t do it,’ it will stop overnight,” she replies.

    http://www.womenundersiegeproject.org/blog/entry/speaking-out-what-happens-after-a-religious-leader-stands-up-for-female-gen

    __

    ‘An amorous lump of flesh’: Female genital mutilation continues in an unexpected country

    By Anubha Bhonsle (guest blogger) · WMC Women Under Siege 25.02.2016

    haraam ki boti,” Hindi for “an amorous lump of flesh.” […] khatna, as the practice of female genital mutilation (FGM) is known in India, has been going on in the western states of Gujarat and Maharashtra among the Muslim Dawoodi Bohra religious community for decades without any major resistance.

    http://www.womenundersiegeproject.org/blog/entry/an-amorous-lump-of-flesh-female-genital-mutilation-continues-in-an-unexpect

  72. Cees van der Duin Says:

    End FGM @endfgmeuropeannetwork
    18. April um 08:17 · [ Jumana Nagarwala from Detroit, Michigan ]

    Answer by: Asiff Hussein 27.04.2017

    Asiff Hussein: Dr. Jumana Nagarwala did not perform FGM. This is a big lie. [ Well, … yes indeed, saying: „Dr. Jumana Nagarwala did not perform FGM“ really „is a big lie“. ]

    What she did was perform female circumcision, a procedure that enhances, not curbs women’s sexuality. The report about her clearly says it involved the removal of a little bit of skin around the clitoris, meaning the clitoral prepuce […]

    This procedure [ WHO: FGM type I or II or Type IV ], which is an Islamic religious requirement […]. [ Sharia = FGM ]

    The clitoral prepuce also harbours germs such as the cancer-causing HPV.

    See: ___p://asiffhussein.com/2015/04/02/female-circumcision-the-hidden-truth/

    27. April um 12:06

    .

    https://www.facebook.com/endfgmeuropeannetwork/

    .
    .

    Female Circumcision – The Hidden Truth

    Die islamische Praxis der Mädchenbeschneidung bringt den Frauen unerhörte Wohltaten!

    How Misogynists and Feminists are feeding upon each other to denigrate an Islamic practice that brings untold benefits to women

    By Asiff Hussein

    […] Erfüllte Schariapflicht. Und überhaupt, Islam macht glücklich, um das einmal klarzustellen.

    Der Strippenzieher im Hintergrund ist heute beim Betrachten der kulturell unsensiblen Kampagne gegen die Islamic FGM noch gar nicht angesprochen worden, beim Besprechen der schlimm intoleranten Anti-Chatna-Kampagne. Jemand, der sozusagen von Natur aus an allem Schuld ist.

    Wer nur kann ein Interesse haben am Verbot der Chatna, Islamic FGM? Qui bono? Wie wär`s mit „das Volk, dem Gott zürnt“? Diese globalen Profiteure und Schariagegner und Mädchenbeschneidungsverhinderer:

    So there you are. It is in the interests of the Jews to criticize female circumcision while promoting male circumcision. Why, because male circumcision is a Jewish practice and female circumcision is not.

    […] To keep a long story short, it is in the interests of the Jews to hide the facts about the benefits of female circumcision, because if it is shown that it is indeed an Islamic practice, and that what Islam advocates is [ FGM, Islamic FGM, khitan al-inath, khatna ]

    _ttp://asiffhussein.com/2015/04/02/female-circumcision-the-hidden-truth/

    _ _ _ _
    _ _ _ _

    Was der Islam zur Entwicklung der Wissenschaft beigetragen hat? What has Islam contributed to the development of science?

    Umm Atiyya, die Mädchen zu beschneiden pflegte. Umm Attiyya who used to circumcise girls.

    Asiff Hussein:

    Every Muslim was required to undergo a basic surgery in the form of circumcision […] It was not only men, but also women who practiced medicine. Women were especially needed for treating female patients and to serve as gynaecologists and obstreticians. Even in the Prophet’s time there was a lady surgeon of sorts, Umm Attiyya who used to circumcise girls and a nurse Rufayda who took care of the wounded following the Battle of the Trench fought in the Prophet’s day. The tradition continued to Ottoman times

    _ttp://asiffhussein.com/2015/12/14/what-has-islam-contributed-to-the-development-of-science/

    Der Verteidiger des Glaubens und der FGM Asiff Hussein:

    Even the early scholars of Islam compared uncleanliness to devilishness. For instance there was Ibn Qayyim who said in his Ahkam al Mawlood: “What is more beautiful than to cut what is too long and exceeds limits in the foreskin, the pubis, the armpit and moustache and the fingernails ? The Devil is hidden inside of all of these, is acquinted with it and lives in it. He blows in the penis and the vagina of the uncircumcised more than in those of the circumcised. He hides himself inside the hair of the pubis”. […]

    The first of these, circumcision involves the removal of the foreskin in the case of males and the prepuce of the clitoris in the case of females. In the case of men, it helps to keep the penis clean and free of germs and prevents urine getting trapped beneath the foreskin. In the case of females, it frees the clitoris of its prepuce, a useless bit of skin that gives out a bad smell and breeds germs that can harm their genital health as well as their male partners. Once done it lasts a lifetime since it is not something you can undo. Likewise the benefits it confers you lasts a lifetime. Circumcision also marks one as a Muslim, like initiation in tribal societies that brings about loyalty. It gives one the feeling of having sacrificed a part of oneself, however small, for purifying the self for the sake of the faith. […]

    In Islam circumcision is very strongly stressed, with most scholars of the view that it is obligatory or at any rate strongly prescribed in the faith. Some are of the view that it t ought to be more stressed in the case of males than of females, but this is erroneous. That circumcision like the other fitra acts should apply equally to females as much as males goes without saying as both sexes have a prepuce, a fold of unclean skin covering the erectile tissue of their genitals that serves a breeding ground for germs. Besides, it is a well established principle of Islam that males and females are to be treated equally in all respects where they are similar and there can be no doubt that in this respect they are indeed similar. It is also agreed that if a practice is not mentioned specifically as being applicable to one gender only or if pronouns do not indicate a certain gender, then it is applicable to both sexes. What’s more there are numerous sayings of the Prophet that stress on its importance specifically in the case of females. […]

    Circumcision is my way for men and ennobling in women

    (Baihaqi)

    This suggests that both male and female circumcision was recognized by the Prophet as Islamic acts. The term he used for both was khitan. In the original Arabic: Al-khitanu sunnatun li ar-rijali makrumatun li an-nisa. The different uses of the word ‘the way’ for men and ‘ennobling’ for women does not necessarily affect the obligatory character of circumcision in the case of females for the simple reason that it would have been quite inappropriate to apply the term sunnat ‘ (Prophet’s) way’ for the female operation. Similarly, the term makruma or ennobling used in the case of women need not affect its obligatory character since it merely indicates the fact that women are ennobled by it. […]

    Even early Arabic literature testifies to the fact that female circumcision was thought to be obligatory by the community. […]

    All Islam requires is the removal of only the prepuce of the clitoris, a fold of useless skin covering the clitoris like a hood […]

    saying of the Prophet:

    When you circumcise, cut plainly (in a shallow manner) and do not cut deeply, for it is beauty for the face and desirable for the husband

    (Aboo Dawood & Tabarani)

    This clearly indicates what needs to be done in the circumcision of girls. The words “Cut plainly and do not cut deeply” is to be understood […]

    _ttp://asiffhussein.com/2015/12/14/why-are-muslims-so-scrupulous-about-cleanliness/

    _ _ _ _

    Islamic Law on Female Circumcision

    by: Answering Islam

    The Arabic word baZr does not mean „prepuce of the clitoris“, it means the clitoris itself (cf. the entry in the Arabic-English Dictionary). The deceptive translation by Nuh Ha Mim Keller, made for Western consumption, obscures the Shafi’i law, given by ‘Umdat al-Salik, that circumcision of girls by excision of the clitoris is mandatory. This particular form of female circumcision is widely practiced in Egypt, where the Shafi’i school of Sunni law is followed.

    http://answering-islam.org/Sharia/fem_circumcision.html

  73. Cees van der Duin Says:

    attorney Margaret Raben
    .
    .

    Margaret Raben is a Criminal Defense Attorney in Detroit, MI.

    https://www.avvo.com/attorneys/48226-mi-margaret-raben-756363.html

    FARMINGTON HILLS (AP) — A lawyer says Michigan’s child welfare agency is moving to terminate parental rights in at least two Detroit-area families in an investigation of female genital mutilation.

    Margaret Raben said Saturday that the parents have been told to report to Oakland County court in a few days. She hasn’t seen any formal documents. The children haven’t been removed from their homes. […]

    State targets parents in genital mutilation investigation | Morning Sun NEWS 06.05.2017 | updated 07.05.2017

    http://www.themorningsun.com/general-news/20170506/state-targets-parents-in-genital-mutilation-investigation

    ABC News

    http://abcnews.go.com/US/wireStory/michigan-targets-parents-genital-mutilation-investigation-47247065

    Michigan Radio

    http://michiganradio.org/post/state-targets-parents-genital-mutilation-investigation

    […] Several Bohra families whose daughters were ordered to undergo these medical exams have retained their own attorneys but are afraid to talk, according to the lawyers.

    Defense lawyers, meanwhile, are questioning the government’s tactics in a case that they say is wreaking havoc [hat verheerende Folgen, wörtl.: richtet eine Verwüstung an] on an otherwise quiet, discreet community.

    [Bemerkenswert: Das staatliche Vorgehen gegen die FGM bringe jene „Verheerung, Verwüstung“, nicht die FGM …]

    „They are terrified that if they don’t cooperate, the state is going to come and take their children. And the fathers are terrified, too,“ said attorney Margaret Raben, who is representing two families whose daughters underwent medical exams for genital cutting last month.

    Especially alarming, Raben said, was that the families were interrogated days before the doctor was even charged. Raben said she was contacted by two Bohra families in April, about two days before criminal charges were formally announced against Nagarwala. She said parents told her that their daughters had been pulled out of their classes and questioned at school about genital mutilation. The mothers were then called to the school and questioned, she said, and authorities eventually went to their homes and „ambushed“ [auflauern, wörtl.: in einen Hinterhalt locken; zu: ambush, der Hinterhalt] the parents. […]

    Genital mutilation probe targets doctors‘ daughters | by: Tresa Baldas | Detroit Free Press 03.-04.05.2017

    http://www.freep.com/story/news/local/michigan/detroit/2017/05/03/genital-mutilation-probe-targets-doctors-daughters/101263068/

  74. eekhoorntje Says:

    .

    .

    Besnijdenis (khitaan) van meisjes

    (…) De Ahadith over de khitân (besnijdenis) van vrouwen.

    „Khitân is Soennah voor mannen en makroemah (eergevend) voor vrouwen“

    (Ahmad ibn Hanbal, Moesnad 5/75 & Maliki).

    Een vrouw voerde vrouwenbesnijdenissen uit in Medina. De profeet vertelde haar:

    „Snijdt niet te diep, dit is beter voor de vrouw en aangenamer voor de man.“

    (Aboe-Dawoed)

    http://forums.marokko.nl/showthread.php?t=5197691&s=7823e3f0e62d70b298c086b640ec26b2

    Volgens As-Shafi`i’s (grondlegger van de Shafi’ietische wetschool) oordeel is de besnijdenis voor zowel de vrouwen als de mannen verplicht (wâdjib).

    http://forums.marokko.nl/showthread.php?t=411618&s=7823e3f0e62d70b298c086b640ec26b2

    Fatwa

    Vraag: Is vrouwenbesnijdenis soennah of een slechte praktijk? Ik las in een tijdschrift dat vrouwenbesnijdenis in welke vorm dan ook een slechte praktijk is die van medisch standpunt/opzicht gezien schadelijk is, en dat het tot steriliteit kan leiden. Is dit correct?

    Antwoord: Alle Lof zij Allah. Het besnijden van vrouwen is geen slechte praktijk of schadelijk, als het binnen matiging wordt gedaan. Wanneer er extreme vormen van vrouwenbesnijdenis worden uitgevoerd, kan het wel schadelijk gevolgen hebben.

    (Fatâwa Al-Lajnah Al-Dâ’imah, 5/120 – (www.islam-qa.com)

    http://forums.marokko.nl/showthread.php?t=411618&s=7823e3f0e62d70b298c086b640ec26b2

    .

    .

  75. Edward von Roy Says:

    Die Weltgesundheitsorganisation (WHO) hat 1998 eine Definition für die weibliche Genitalverstümmelung – englisch: Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) – veröffentlicht: „FGM umfasst alle Verfahren, die die teilweise oder vollständige Entfernung der weiblichen äußeren ­Genitalien oder deren Verletzung zum Ziel haben, sei es aus kulturellen oder anderen nichttherapeutischen Gründen.“

    Die WHO definiert vier Typen weiblicher Genitalverstümmelung (FGM Typ I, II, III, IV), beispielsweise:

    Typ I: Untertyp Ia: Partielle oder vollständige Entfernung der Klitorisvorhaut. Untertyp Ib: Partielle oder vollständige Entfernung der Klitoris (Klitoridektomie).

    Typ IV: Alle anderen schädigenden Eingriffe, die die weiblichen Genitalien verletzen und keinem medizinischen Zweck dienen, zum Beispiel: Einstechen, Durchbohren, Einschneiden, Ausschaben, Ausbrennen, Verätzen oder Dehnen.

    Aktivisten für allgemeine Menschenrechte und für Frauen- und Kinderrechte treten den Versuchen entgegen, den Standard der WHO-Kategorie aufzuweichen, aufzuspalten in einen weiterhin verbotenen und einen dann straffrei gestellten Teil, der etwa die Chatna oder Sunna umfasst (meistens eine FGM Typ I oder Typ IV).

    Erstmals in der Geschichte der USA begann im April 2017 ein Strafprozess nach 18 USC 116 (female genital mutilation), nachdem in Detroit, Michigan, die Ärztin Dr. Jumana Nagarwala sowie die Eheleute Attar angezeigt worden sind. Die drei Beschuldigten sind Angehörige der schiitischen Dawudi Bohra.

    So etwas wie eine geringfügige FGM gibt es nicht. Treten wir dafür ein, dass noch die geringst invasive Form der weiblichen Genitalverstümmelung verboten bleibt oder verboten wird – überall auf der Welt.

    http://www.fr.de/panorama/genitalverstuemmelung-was-maedchen-erleiden-muessen-a-1272484

    [ Am 08.05.2017 im Kommentarbereich zu: Was Mädchen erleiden müssen · Von Melanie Reinsch · FR 06.05.2017 ]

  76. Cees van der Duin Says:

    Khatna. Islamic FGM among Shia Muslims of Dawoodi Bohra

    Chatna. Die islamische FGM der Dawudi Bohra in Detroit, Michigan

    Unter den zu Genitalverstümmelung (FGM) befragten und evtl. (siehe auch 2. Quelle) auch ärztlich untersuchten Mädchen befand sich die elfjährige Tocher von Dr. Jumana Nagarwala, Mutter aufgrund von Fluchtgefahr im Gefängnis, und die achtjährige Tochter der ebenfalls inhaftierten Eheleute Attar.
    .
    .

    […] Child Protective Services [ CPS ] have targeted several families in the Dawoodi Bohra community, which has long viewed female circumcision as a religious tradition. They say several young Bohra girls have been pulled out of class without their parents‘ knowledge, questioned by CPS about genital mutilation and eventually subjected to medical exams to check for cutting.

    […] among the girls who have undergone such exams is the 11-year-old daughter of Dr. Jumana Nagarwala, 44, of Northville, who is charged with cutting the genitals of two Minnesota girls at a Livonia clinic in February; and the 8-year-old daughter of Dr. Fakhruddin Attar, 53, of Livonia, who is charged with letting Nagarwala use his clinic to carry out the procedures.

    Several Bohra families whose daughters were ordered to undergo these medical exams have retained their own attorneys […]

    Genital mutilation probe targets doctors‘ daughters | by: Tresa Baldas | Detroit Free Press 03.-04.05-2017

    http://www.freep.com/story/news/local/michigan/detroit/2017/05/03/genital-mutilation-probe-targets-doctors-daughters/101263068/

    ::

    […] The CPS [ Child Protective Services ] effort involves at least seven children, possibly more. Attorneys have previously told the Free Press that CPS and the FBI have removed numerous Muslim girls from their classes in school in the last month and interrogated them and their mothers about genital mutilation. Those girls have also been subjected to medical exams, say lawyers.

    They are said to include Nagarwala’s 11-year-old daughter. […]

    Michigan moves to terminate rights of parents suspected of mutilation | by: Tresa Baldas | Detroit Free Press 05.05.2017

    http://www.freep.com/story/news/local/michigan/wayne/2017/05/05/genital-mutilation-case-michigan-detroit/101354438/

  77. Edward von Roy Says:

    „die so genannte milde Sunna, die Beschneidung der Klitorisvorhaut (…) Die Beschneidung der Klitorisvorhaut verletzt das Persönlichkeitsrecht und die Würde des Mädchens, dieselben Rechte von Jungen verletzt die Jungenbeschneidung.“
    .
    .

    „Zum Kölner Beschneidungsurteil und zur Schutzpflicht der Parlamentarier“

    Zuerst bei: Giordano Bruno Stiftung (gbs) 08.05.2017, hier bei: Humanistischer Pressedienst (hpd) 08.05.2017

    (Zum fünften Jahrestag des „Kölner Urteils“ legen Dr. iur. Ralf Eschelbach (Richter am Bundesgerichtshof), Prof. Dr. med. Matthias Franz (Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf) und Prof. Dr. iur. Jörg Scheinfeld (Universitäten Mainz und Wiesbaden) ein gemeinsames Papier vor, in dem sie die zentralen Argumente der Beschneidungsdebatte zusammenfassen und die Parlamentarier nachdrücklich zum Handeln aufrufen. Ihr Text zeigt auf, dass die Politiker bei der Verabschiedung des Beschneidungsgesetzes von fehlerhaften Informationen ausgingen und dazu verleitet wurden, eine Einsicht zu ignorieren, die in einem modernen Rechtsstaat selbstverständlich sein sollte, nämlich dass der Intimbereich von Jungen ebenso unverfügbar sein muss wie der Intimbereich von Mädchen.)

    ___

    „Das Parlament hat die Pflicht, das Beschneidungsgesetz abzuschaffen“

    […] Die Vorhaut ist eine bedeutsame erogene Zone (!), sie ist wegen der nervalen Ausstattung der sensibelste Teil des Penis. Sie ist in Funktion und Sensibilität am ehesten vergleichbar den Fingerkuppen, den Augenlidern, den kleinen Schamlippen, dem Anus und den Lippen. […]

    Eingriffe am Genital von Mädchen werden, auch wenn religiös motiviert, zumeist mit mindestens einem Jahr Freiheitsstrafe belegt.

    Einer redlichen Diskussion dieser Diskrepanz öffnet sich zunächst einmal nur derjenige, der anerkennt, was unbestreitbar ist: Es gibt Genitalbeschneidungen an Mädchen, die in puncto Eingriffstiefe nicht schwerer wiegen als die Penisvorhautbeschneidung beim Jungen. Dazu zählt etwa die so genannte milde Sunna, die Beschneidung der Klitorisvorhaut. […]

    Das Abtrennen der erogenen Zone Vorhaut vom Penis des Kindes ist ein erheblicher Eingriff in die Körperintegrität und sogar in den Intimbereich. Der Akt erfüllt zumindest den Straftatbestand der einfachen Körperverletzung, und er verletzt mehrere Grundrechte des Kindes: das Recht auf körperliche Unversehrtheit, das Persönlichkeitsrecht des Kindes und seine Würde durch Eingriff in die sexuelle Selbstbestimmung – sowie bei religiöser Beschneidung das Recht auf negative Religionsfreiheit durch das Prägen des Körpers mit einem unauslöschlichen religiösen Identifikationsmerkmal.

    Eine Legitimation für einen solch tiefen und unumkehrbaren Eingriff in den Körper gibt den Eltern weder die eigene Religionsfreiheit noch das Elternrecht zur Pflege und Erziehung des Kindes: Die präventiv-medizinische Sinnlosigkeit der Jungenbeschneidung steht der Annahme elterlicher „Pflege“ entgegen; der tiefe, unumkehrbare und gewaltsame Eingriff in den genitalen Intimbereich der reifenden Persönlichkeit des Kindes verbietet die Annahme zulässiger religiöser „Erziehung“ (ohnehin „erziehen“ die Eltern nicht durch Operierenlassen); der Akt stellt sich deshalb dar als eine Anmaßung, die vollendete Tatsachen schafft. Dass die Jungenbeschneidung das Kindeswohl nicht gefährde, darf auch der Gesetzgeber nicht begründungslos herbeifingieren, wie er es im Erlaubnisgesetz versucht hat; dieses Gesetz ist mit den genannten Grundrechten der Jungen unvereinbar und als verfassungswidrig vom Bundesverfassungsgericht für nichtig zu erklären. […]

    Die richtige Rechtslage zu finden, ist auch sehr simpel: Weil die Jungenbeschneidung mit mancher Form der Mädchenbeschneidung vergleichbar ist, muss schlicht die für Mädchen geltende Gesetzeslage auf Jungen übertragen werden. Die Beschneidung der Klitorisvorhaut verletzt das Persönlichkeitsrecht und die Würde des Mädchens, dieselben Rechte von Jungen verletzt die Jungenbeschneidung.

    Die Würde der Kinder zu schützen, ist nach unserer Verfassung „Verpflichtung aller staatlichen Gewalt“. Die Kölner Richter haben diese Pflicht erfüllt, die Parlamentarier müssen das nun nachholen und ein heilungssinnloses Herumschneiden an Kindergenitalien ausnahmslos für rechtswidrig erklären.

    Richter am Bundesgerichtshof Dr. iur. Ralf Eschelbach, Prof. Dr. med. Matthias Franz, Düsseldorf, Prof. Dr. iur. Jörg Scheinfeld, Mainz und Wiesbaden

    hpd.de/artikel/parlament-hat-pflicht-beschneidungsgesetz-abzuschaffen-14391?nopaging=1

    (Eschelbach, Franz und Scheinfeld haben ihr Papier mit dem Titel „Zum Kölner Beschneidungsurteil und zur Schutzpflicht der Parlamentarier“ auf Anfrage der Giordano-Bruno-Stiftung verfasst. Er kann über diesen Link auch als pdf-Datei heruntergeladen werden.

    „Zum Kölner Beschneidungsurteil und zur Schutzpflicht der Parlamentarier“

    giordano-bruno-stiftung.de/sites/gbs/files/eschelbach_franz_scheinfeld_170507.pdf

  78. Cees van der Duin Says:

    Echter zeitloser إسلام islām: Andschuman-e-Nadschmi-Moschee (mosque Anjuman-e-Najmi), schiitische Dawudi Bohra (Dawoodi Bohra), Detroit (Michigan), USA

    Tatort der Mädchenbeschneidung d. i. weibliche Genitalverstümmelung (Female Genital Mutilation, FGM) war das Woodcreek Professional Building, Sitz der Burhani Medical Clinic und der Büros von Dr. Fakhruddin S. Attar, MD, Internist, Farmington Rd. in Livonia.

    .

    Chatna, islamische FGM in Detroit: Dritte Frau (48) verdächtigt

    Detroit (Michigan), USA – Ismailitische (siebenerschiitische) Dawudi Bohra: Eheleute Attar und Mädchenbeschneiderin Nagarwala in Haft bis zur Gerichtsverhandlung am 27.06.2017 – auch die dritte Frau und ihre Familie gehören zur örtlichen Andschuman-e-Nadschmi-Moschee.
    .
    .

    […] Prosecutors have claimed three women were in the room Feb. 3 when the 7-year-old girls from Minnesota allegedly were mutilated at the Burhani Medical Clinic in Livonia.

    A grand jury has indicted two women: Nagarwala is accused of cutting the girls and Farida Attar is accused of helping arrange the procedure and being in the examination room.

    Defense lawyers say the procedure performed on the girls was not female genital mutilation. The procedures were benign [ harmlos, gutartig, freundlich, huldvoll; hier: harmlos ], legal and religious, they’ve said. […]

    Locally, most members of the sect belong to the Anjuman-e-Najmi mosque in Farmington Hills.

    The woman whose home was raided Tuesday and her family belong to the mosque […]

    The Attars and Nagarwala are being held without bond pending a June 27 trial in federal court. […]

    Mutilation case leads feds to third woman | by: Robert Snell | The Detroit News 07.05.2017 | updated 17 hours ago

    http://www.detroitnews.com/story/news/local/detroit-city/2017/05/07/home-searched-genital-mutilation-case/101401712/

    ::

    „Seit Jahrhunderten hat die [ Chatna; Chitan al-inath ] Praxis weiblicher Beschneidung in gewissen muslimischen Gemeinschaft bestanden, zu denen auch die Dawudi Bohra gehören, jene Strömung, der die Attars und Nagarwala angehören. The practice of [ khatna; khitan al-inath ] female circumcision has existed for centuries in certain Muslim sects, including the Dawoodi Bohra, the faction the Attars and Nagarwala prescribe to, according to federal court filings.“

    Prosecutor says defendants in genital mutilation case also committed sex crime | by Gus Burns | MLive 07.05.2017

    http://www.mlive.com/news/detroit/index.ssf/2017/05/prosecutor_says_defendants_in.html

    ::

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/

    Jumana

    Jumana, meaning „silver pearl“, is an Arabic feminine given name.

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jumana

    Jumana [ dte. Aussprache: dschumaana ]
    Given name

    Jumana Nagarwala

    Dr. Jumana Nagarwala is an Indian-American physician who, in 2017, became the first person charged under the United States law criminalizing female genital mutilation.

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jumana_Nagarwala

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jumana_Nagarwala

    wikipedia.org/wiki/Jumana_Nagarwala

    org/wiki/Jumana_Nagarwala

    wiki/Jumana_Nagarwala

    “ Jumana_Nagarwala “

  79. Adriaan Broekhuizen Says:

    „Die Dawoodi Bohras sehen weibliche Genitalverstümmelung als religiöse Pflicht.“

    ( Terre des Femmes )
    .
    .

    FGM, known as khatna, is considered a religious obligation in the Dawoodi Bohra community, in most cases performed on girls around age 7.

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religious_views_on_female_genital_mutilation

    ‚Our community is very pure compared to other people, and it’s our duty to keep it that way,‘ Syedna Muffadal Saifuddin said at a recent gathering in Mumbai. ‚Men have to do it, and even women have to do it.‘

    http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-3719294/Battle-tiny-Indian-Muslim-sect-circumcising-girls.html

    Female Genital Mutilation among Bohra community of India and Pakistan […]

    [ Sunni Islam ] Only the Shafiite school of law regards circumcision as obligatory (wajib) [ male and female circumcision ]

    http://worldmuslimcongress.blogspot.de/2011/11/female-genital-mutilation-among-bohra.html

    [ Islam ist nicht schöngeistige Lektüre des Koran, sondern die Praxis von Koran und Sunna. Schafiiten (sunnitisch) und Dawudi Bohra (schiitisch) ist die Chatna (FGM) Religionspflicht. ]

    halten die Mitglieder von Dawoodi Bohra FGM – in Indien „Khatna“ – für eine religiöse Pflicht. [ na sowas ]

    http://desertflowerfoundation.org/ru/news-detail/251.html

    [ Dr. Jumana Nagarwala said ]

    she merely performed a religious procedure that involved removing

    http://www.detroitnews.com/story/news/local/detroit-city/2017/04/17/female-genital-mutilation-doctor/100563870/

    TERRE DES FEMMES · Menschenrechte für die Frau

    Die Dawoodi Bohras sehen weibliche Genitalverstümmelung als religiöse Pflicht.

    https://www.frauenrechte.de/online/index.php/themen-und-aktionen/weibliche-genitalverstuemmelung2/unser-engagement/aktivitaeten/genitalverstuemmelung-in-asien/1351-dawoodi-bohra

    ___
    ___

    After learning that a female genital mutilation gang had been arrested in Michigan, faux feminist Linda Sarsour tweeted: “Female genital mutilation has no place in Detroit or anywhere else in the world. Female genital mutilation is barbaric and is not an Islamic practice.”

    (Faithfreedom)

    http://www.faithfreedom.org/linda-sarsour-and-female-genital-mutilation-in-islam/

    Ayaan Hirsi Ali says controversial Women’s March organizer is a ‘fake feminist’

    http://nytlive.nytimes.com/womenintheworld/2017/02/02/ayaan-hirsi-ali-says-controversial-womens-march-organizer-is-a-fake-feminist/

    Linda Sarsour, the executive director of the Arab American Association of New York who was co-chair of the Women’s March protesting against Donald Trump

    http://www.dailywire.com/news/12852/muslim-womens-march-organizer-attacks-female-hank-berrien

    __

    FGM has no place in Detroit or any where else in the world. FGM is barbaric & is NOT an Islamic practice.

    (Linda Sarsour, Palestinian-American-Muslim, civil rights activist.)

    .

    ___
    ___

    „Female genital mutilation is barbaric and is not an Islamic practice.“

    Khatna, or khitan al-inath, or FGM has nothing to do with Islam?

    Surely Islam has nothing to do with Islam.

  80. Jacques Auvergne Says:

    .

    Cas d’une fillette de 11 ans excisée en Ontario

    En 2002, une famille soudanaise résidant à St. Catharines en Ontario a été accusée d’avoir soumis sa fille de 11 ans à l’excision. Les parents ont été détenus et leurs enfants pris en charge par les services sociaux, mais les accusations ont dû être retirées par la suite, lorsqu’il a été admis que l’opération avait eu lieu avant l’entrée en vigueur de la loi. (Owens, 2002)

    OWENS, Anne Marie (2002). « Parents charged in circumcision of daughter remain in custody », dans National Post, 16 février 2002. http://www.cirp.org/news/nationalpost02-16-02 (consulté le 30 mai 2013).

    https://www.csf.gouv.qc.ca/wp-content/uploads/version-html-avis-les-crimes-dhonneur-de-lindignation-a-laction.html

    ___

    Case of an 11-year-old girl excised in Ontario

    In 2002, a Sudanese family living in St. Catharines, Ontario was accused of having had their 11-year-old daughter excised. The parents were taken into custody and the children placed in the care of social services. The charges were dropped when it was found that the procedure had taken place before the bill came into force. (Owens, 2002)

    https://www.csf.gouv.qc.ca/wp-content/uploads/avis-crimes-dhonneur-anglais-CLEAN6.html

    Kanada 2002 – Mädchen (13) aus Ontario als Elfjährige genital verstümmelt – Eltern Einwanderer aus dem Sudan. Verfahren eingestellt angebl. wg. Unkenntnis der Tatzeit, nämlich vor oder nach Inkrafttreten des kanadischen FGM-Verbotsgesetzes: „Die Anklage wurde fallengelassen, als sich herausstellte, dass die Prozedur [die Genitalverstümmelung, FGM] stattgefunden hatte, bevor das [kanadische] Gesetz [das gesetzliche Verbot der FGM] in Kraft trat.“ (Vgl. aber unten, wo die Unkenntnis des Tatortes (hier wohl: Sudan oder Kanada) für die Verfahrenseinstellung ausschlaggebend gewesen sei.)

    ___
    ___

    [ Cite as: Anne Marie Owens. Parents charged in circumcision of daughter remain in custody. National Post, Don Mills, Ontario, Saturday, 16 February 2002. ]

    NATIONAL POST (Ontario)

    Parents charged in circumcision of daughter remain in custody 11-year-old girl

    By Anne Marie Owens | National Post 16.02.2002

    An Ontario couple charged with having their 11-year-old daughter circumcised in their home are being held in custody while the court determines whether they should go free.

    The court case may provide rare evidence the surgical procedure, which is illegal in Canada under laws on female genital mutilation but is still widely practised in some parts of Africa and the Middle East, is being conducted in Canada.

    The identities of the parents, who live in St. Catharines, Ont., are not being released to protect the identity of the girl, now 13. […]

    The mother, 42, and father, 47, are very distressed by the charges, said their lawyer, Keith Newell.

    Police will not reveal the religious or cultural background of the family, since such specific information could possibly identify the girl in a community with as small a multi-cultural population as St. Catharines. […]

    http://www.cirp.org/news/nationalpost02-16-02/

    ___p://archive.rabble.ca/babble/ultimatebb.cgi?ubb=get_topic&f=2&t=000972

    [ ♥ CIRP, Thanks for documenting so well! ]

    The Circumcision Information and Resource Pages · CIRP

    http://www.cirp.org/

    ___
    ___

    Parents charged in genital mutilation

    By Lisa Priest | Saturday’s Globe and Mail 16.02.2002 Last updated 20.03.2009

    […] St. Catharines, Ont., became a focus of attention after allegations that an 11-year-old girl underwent surgery to remove at least part of her external genitals.

    The girl’s parents were each charged with aggravated assault this week in connection with allegations that a genital-cutting operation was done by a „practitioner“ in their St. Catharines home.

    The father faces an additional assault charge over allegations that the girl, now 13, was struck several times on the back over the past two years with a belt, said Sergeant James Mackay of the Niagara Regional Police.

    „We’re not releasing the location of the child or whose care she is in,“ he said in a telephone interview yesterday. „That’s done to protect the identity of the child.“ [….]

    http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/national/parents-charged-in-genital-mutilation/article4131391/

    ___
    ___

    Female circumcision charges dropped | Parental role in mutilation unverifiable

    By Anne Marie Owens | National Post Thursday, October 03, 2002 | National Post 03.10.2002

    Police said the parents, who are Sudanese, arranged for a practitioner to perform the surgical procedure, […]

    The Crown attorney’s office told court in St. Catharines yesterday it was withdrawing aggravated assault charges against the parents because it had been unable to determine whether the circumcision had taken place in Canada or another country. […]

    Evidence from medical experts and the parents themselves indicated it was never in dispute that some form of genital mutilation had taken place. What was at issue in the case was whether the surgery had occurred in Canada, under the direction of the parents.

    https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/misc.activism.progressive/h7DADvbtqNQ

    [Nicht mehr die ungewisse Tatzeit, siehe der ältere Text (fraglich sei: nach oder vor dem kanadischen FGM Verbot), der ungewisse Tatort (fraglich: Nordamerika oder Afrika) sei Ursache der Prozessbeendigung.]

    .

  81. Jeremy Clifford Says:

    Islamic FGM = khitan al-inath (ختان الإناث)
    Indonesian: sunat perempuan (khitan wanita)

    ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

    Hadith. The Prophet said to Umm Atiyya, or: to Umm Habiba:

    أشمِّي ولا تنهَكي
    ašimmī wa-lā tanhakī
    [Cut] slightly and do not overdo it

    Or Muhammad said:

    اختفضن ولا تنهكن
    iḫtafiḍna wa-lā tanhikna
    Cut [slightly] without exaggeration

    ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

    There’s no such thing as ‚mild‘ FGM. Zero Tolerance to Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) = zero tolerance even to the less invasive forms of FGM.

    ::
    ::

    Karen Cook, an attorney appointed as guardian ad litem to represent the children and defend their legal rights, argued the children should be removed from their homes. […]

    Assistant county prosecutor Anthony Marek said he was sympathetic and that “the safety of the children is paramount,” but said that because Nagarwala and the Attars remain in jail and the Attars’ clinic is closed, “the risk here is mitigated and we are not asking for removal.”

    Cook wasn’t convinced, saying of Fakhruddin Attar: “He is not the only one in Michigan that does this.” […]

    Kids In Genital Mutilation Investigation Remain In Homes | A court-appointed guardian ad litem argued jailed doctors in historic sexual mutilation case aren’t the only ones performing FGM procedure. | By Beth Dalbey (Patch Staff) | Detroit Patch 09.05.2017

    https://patch.com/michigan/detroit/kids-genital-mutilation-investigation-remain-homes

    ::

    Pontiac – Children of two Oakland County couples who are subject to state child welfare complaints will remain with their parents as an investigation of female genital mutilation continues, an Oakland Juvenile Court referee ruled Tuesday in separate hearings. […]

    The appointed guardian ad litem, Karen Cook, who is assigned to act as the children’s legal adviser and defend their rights, told Hamilton Tuesday, “I do believe the children are in ongoing danger and I would ask that they be removed.” […]

    2 families to keep kids for now in mutilation case | by Mike Martindale | The Detroit News 09.05.2017

    http://www.detroitnews.com/story/news/local/oakland-county/2017/05/09/genital-mutilation-parental-custody/101475892/

  82. Edward von Roy Says:

    Von Genitalverstümmelung betroffen sind weltweit „mindestens 200
    Millionen Mädchen und Frauen“. UNICEF: „At least 200 million girls and women“

    https://www.unicef.org/media/media_90033.html

    UN: „at least 200 million girls and women“

    http://www.un.org/en/events/femalegenitalmutilationday/

    [ Am 08.05.2017 im Kommentarbereich zu: Was Mädchen erleiden müssen · Von Melanie Reinsch · FR 06.05.2017 ]

    [ 130 oder 140 Millionen Opfer von FGM weltweit, bis 2015 konnte man das sagen – durch Einbeziehung von Indonesien mussten die Zahlen um 70 Millionen nach oben korrigiert werden. Melanie Reinsch trägt die veraltete Zahl weiter: „Weltweit sind 140 Millionen Frauen von Genitalverstümmelung betroffen.“ ]

    http://www.fr.de/panorama/genitalverstuemmelung-was-maedchen-erleiden-muessen-a-1272484

  83. Edward von Roy Says:

    America’s Infuriating Double Standard on Cutting Children’s Genitals | By: Georganne Chapin, MPhil, JD, Executive Director, Intact America (Slightly edited version of essay published in Huffington Post 05.03.2017) | Intact America (Blog) 04.05.2017

    America’s Infuriating Double Standard on Cutting Children’s Genitals

    […] Compare this to the case of Jumana Nagarwala, a Johns Hopkins-trained female physician, charged with genital cutting of minor girls. […] Nagarwala’s case, the first to be filed under 18 U.S.C. 116, the Federal law that criminalizes female genital mutilation, has opened the eyes of many Americans, who are shocked that FGM is practiced on our soil. Perhaps it’s time they think more about what doctors routinely do to little boys. […]

    America’s Infuriating Double Standard on Cutting Children’s Genitals | By: Georganne Chapin, MPhil, JD, Executive Director, Intact America | Huffington Post 05.03.2017

    http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/americas-infuriating-double-standard-on-cutting-childrens_us_5908fef7e4b03b105b44bd0e

    _____

    Intact America (Blog)
    One Comment
    Edward von Roy
    May 10, 2017 11:34 am

    “Be a hero, don’t circumcise your daughter or son.”

    My real concern is that the US and Europe will soon legalize some “mild” forms of the Classification of female genital mutilation (FGM). Every form of FGM should be banned everywhere.

    „Female genital mutilation comprises all procedures involving partial or total removal of the external female genitalia or other injury to the female genital organs for non-medical reasons (WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA, 1997).“

    Classification of female genital mutilation

    http://www.who.int/reproductivehealth/topics/fgm/overview/en/

    There’s no such thing as ‚mild‘ FGM.

    Zero Tolerance to Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) =
    zero tolerance even to the less invasive forms of FGM

    Any ritual circumcision or other ritual injury of the genital of a girl or a boy below the age of eighteen years should be banned on a global level.

    Edward von Roy (social worker)

    .

  84. Edward von Roy Says:

    .

    „I believe they are being persecuted for their religious beliefs
    .
    .

    […] The doctor’s lawyer, Shannon Smith, has told the media her client “is being persecuted for her religious beliefs.” […]

    Mutilation – Religious Beliefs or Double Standard? | by: David Mittleman | The Legal Examiner 28.04.2017

    http://lansing.legalexaminer.com/medical-malpractice/mutilation-religious-beliefs-or-double-standard/

    13 comments

    f. e. by:
    [ Ronald Goldman, Ph.D. ]
    [ April 28, 2017 at 4:19 pm ]

    _ _
    _ _

    Flogging or stoning an adulterer is illegal, marrying a nine year old bride is illegal. Khatna, FGM is illegal.

    Khatna (FGM) is religion (Islam). You can believe in FGM – you can not perform FGM.

    (Edward von Roy)

    _ _
    _ _

    Rituals can include singing, dancing, and certainly also religious devotions, but no operations on the body of a child (a child is a human being below the age of eighteen years).

    We should not cut or circumcize (i. e. mutilate) genitals, neither of male nor of female human beings. Male circumcision is male genital mutilation. Concerning the sensitivity (corpuscles respectively free nerve ends of the types: Merkel, Ruffini, Vater-Pacini, Meissner), the male foreskin has its equivalent not in the female (clitoral) foreskin, but in the clitoris itself.

    Everyone has a right to intact genitalia. Here, children are dependent on our protection. We as the adults in this world must enforce that a child under the age of 18 years, girl or boy, is protected from any form of genital cutting.

    As is well known, Islamic institutions such as the Indonesian Fatwa Council (MUI – Majelis Ulama Indonesia) do not call the “mild” forms of girls’ circumcision a mutilation (FGM). We see that differently. Even the least invasive form of girls’ circumcision has to be overcome, worldwide.

    And of course boys deserve the same protection as girls.

    (Edward von Roy)

    ___
    ___

    […] „I believe they are being persecuted for their religious beliefs and I do not make that allegation lightly,“ said Mary Chartier, the attorney representing Doctor Fakhruddin Attar on Wednesday.

    Shannon Smith told FOX 2 she agrees with the comment made yesterday by Chartier. Attar and his wife are accused of helping Nargarwala commit the crimes at the medical facility. […]

    fox4news (FOX) 27.04.2017 updated 02.05.2017

    ___ps://www.facebook.com/Fox4DFW/posts/10154398799262093

    http://www.fox4news.com/health/252173247-story

  85. Adriaan Broekhuizen Says:

    محمد سليم العوا
    Muḥammad Salīm al-ʿAuwā
    Mohamed Selim el-Aoua (Frz.)
    Mohamed Selim El-Awa (Engl.)
    Mohammed Selim al-Awa

    „Die islamische Lehre bietet überwältigende Beweise dafür, dass FGM keine Religionspraxis ist, vielmehr vom Islam verdammt wird“, zum Befestigen dieser schlicht falschen Aussage herangezogen wird auch Mohammed Selim al-Awa:

    The teachings of Islam provide overwhelming evidence that FGM/C is not a religious practice and that Islam condemns it. […]

    Dr. Muhammad Salim Al-Awa, in his book ‘FGM/C: an Islamic Perspective’

    (Delinking Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting from Islam | hier bei: UNFPA)

    Klicke, um auf De-linking%20FGM%20from%20Islam%20final%20report.pdf zuzugreifen

    .

    Ufuk Gökçen anglisiert Ufuk Gokcen, der Botschafter der OIC (Stichwort Islamische Menschenrechte, Kairo 1990) bei den Vereinten Nationen, zeigt auf Ekmeleddin İhsanoğlu und der (damalige) Generalsekretät der OIC zeigt die Marschrichtung, jetzt alle nachsprechen, zack-zack: FGM? Hatnichtsmitdemislamzutun!

    FGM und Islam – das wirkt aber ausgesprochen unschön – darf daher öffentlich nicht gesagt werden! Entflechten, Abkoppeln: De-linking! Diese schlimme unislamische FGM. Weitermachen mit Chatna bzw. Chitan al-inath. Wie seit 1400 Jahren.

    De-linking Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting from Islam. Ibrahim Lethome Asmani. Maryam Sheikh Abdi. 2008

    As the Organization of Islamic Cooperation’s (OIC) Ambassador to the United Nations, I personally find it important to combat any notion that FGM is in the true nature of Islam. OIC Secretary General Professor Ihsanoglu recently stated that FGM “is a ritual that has survived over centuries and must be stopped as Islam does not support it.” [İhsanoğlu]

    (Huffington Post 08.02.2013)

    http://www.huffingtonpost.com/amb-ufuk-gokcen/delinking-female-genital-_b_2639432.html

    Ambassador Ufuk Gokcen [Gökçen]

    http://www.liu.edu/CWPost/About/News/Campus-Calendar/2015/December/Ambassador-Ufuk-Gokcen-Dec-3

    Ekmeleddin İhsanoğlu
    Ekmeleddin Ihsanoglu

    https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekmeleddin_%C4%B0hsano%C4%9Flu

    Aber nein, der Islam verlange keine weibliche Beschneidung, Taqiyya zur FGM bringt al-Awa, vorgestellt als „General Secretary of the International Federation of Islamic Scholars“.

    Gemeint ist die International Union of Muslim Scholars (IUMS), Internationale Union Muslimischer Gelehrter. IUMS-Chef ist der Supertheologe der Muslimbruderschaft Yusuf al-Qaradawi.

    https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohamed_Selim_El-Awa

    .

    Internationale Union Muslimischer Gelehrter

    „Die Internationale Union Muslimischer Gelehrter (arabisch الاتحاد العالمي لعلماء المسلمين, DMG al-Ittiḥād al-ʿĀlamī li-ʿUlamāʾ al-Muslimīn, englisch International Union of Muslim Scholars; Abk. IUMS) ist eine internationale pan-islamische Nichtregierungsorganisation, deren Gründungskonferenz 2004 in London stattfand. Derzeitiger Generalsekretär ist Ali al-Qaradaghi.

    Ihr Hauptsitz befand sich am Islamischen Kulturzentrum von Irland (ICCI), Berichten zufolge soll er vor Mai 2012 nach Katar verlegt worden sein.

    Präsident ist Scheich Yusuf al-Qaradawi. Vizepräsidenten sind der Mufti des Oman Ahmed bin Hamad al-Chalili (Ibaditen), Scheich Abdullah bin Bayya [Mauretanien] (Sunniten, Malikiten), Ayatollah Mohammed Ali Taschiri (Schiiten), Ayatollah Muhammad Wa’id Zadeh Churasani (Schiiten).

    Der Generalsekretär war von 2004 bis 2010 Mohamed Selim El-Awa (Sunniten).

    Am 15. November 2014 veröffentlichte das Kabinett der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate eine Liste mit 83 dem islamischen Terrorismus zuzurechnenden Organisationen, worunter auch die Internationale Union Muslimischer Gelehrter aufgeführt wird.“

    https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internationale_Union_Muslimischer_Gelehrter

    .

    Bereits die FGM selbst definiert Mohammed Selim al-Awa (Mohamed Selim El-Awa) nicht wie alleine korrekt, nämlich als vollständige WHO-Klassifikation. Speziell FGM Typ IV Einschnitte oder Einstiche lässt er wohl einfach aus. Allgemein verdient er (auch damit) unser Vertrauen nicht in Bezug auf das, was für ihn ein intaktes weibliches Genital eigentlich ist.

    In Antwort 5 wird es vollends abenteuerlich – der Generalsekretär der International Federation of Islamic Scholars listet Länder auf, in denen es keine weibliche Genitalverstümmelung gebe, gar keine:

    Most Islamic countries such as Saudi Arabia, the Gulf states, Lebanon, Syria, Palestine, Libya, Tunisia, Algeria, Morocco, Indonesia, Malaysia etc. are not familiar with this practice.

    Saudi-Arabien, die Golfstaaten, Syrien, Indonesien, Malaysia – das alles sind bekannte FGM-Gebiete. Es ist doch wohl ausgeschlossen, dass al-Awa keine Kenntnis von der extrem stark verbreiteten indonesischen FGM hat – hochwahrscheinlich belügt er uns also.

    Es ist anzunehmen, dass der Salafi die südostasiatische sunat perempuan (chitan wanita) nicht als Genitalverstümmelung verbucht wissen möchte.

    Antwort 6, islamisch verboten sei: „das Abschneiden von Organen und das Verursachen von Schädigungen eines Menschen, the cutting of organs and harming of people“, was, wenn das am weiblichen Geschlechtsorgan möglicherweise doch islamrechtlich einwandfrei Abzuschneidende einfach nicht „Organ“ ist. Was, wenn im Einklang mit Koran und Sunna an der Vulva geritzt, gestochen, eingeschnitten oder auch abgeschnitten wird, aber – aus Sicht von al-Awa wohlgemerkt! – kein Beschädigen, kein Schaden (harming) stattfindet.

    FGM in the context of Islam · Al-Awa, United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) & International Federation of Islamic Scholars [International Union of Muslim Scholars · IUMS] (May 2012)

    Klicke, um auf d9174a63-2960-459b-9f78-b33ad795445e.pdf zuzugreifen

    .
    .

    Vor elf Jahren (2006) schwärmte Raymond William Baker (Islam without Fear: Egypt and the New Islamists) von den „neuen Islamisten, new Islamists“. Neben Tariq al-Bishri und Qusuf al-Qaradawi bejubelte er Mohammed Selim al-Awa:

    Muhammad Selim al Awa

    ___ps://www.amazon.de/Islam-without-Fear-Egypt-Islamists-ebook/dp/B005J3P670

    Ägypten 2012, zur Wahl – Muslimbrüder und Salafi bei der Zielrichtung Schariadiktatur – stellte sich der siebzigjährige Mohamed Selim el-Awa

    http://www.maannews.com/Content.aspx?id=484095

    .

    Mohamed Selim el-Aoua
    Mohammed Selim al-Awa

    Er studierte Islamisches Recht (Scharia; Fiqh). Il étudie le droit islamique (usul al-fiqh / ‏أصول الفقه / uṣūlu ʾl-fiqh) à l’université d’Alexandrie, puis poursuit ses études à l’étranger, étant donné ses liens avec les Frères musulmans [Muslimbrüder] : ce sera à la School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS) de l’université de Londres. Son doctorat est une étude comparée des droits islamique et anglo-saxon.

    Œuvres

    On the Political System of the Islamic State, American Trust Publications.
    Punishment in Islamic Law – A Comparative Study, American Trust Publications, Indianapolis 1993, (ISBN 0-89259-142-0).
    Religion and Political Structures – An Islamic Viewpoint, Birmingham 1999.

    https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohamed_Selim_el-Aoua

    .

    Die ägyptischen Schiiten hingegen verteidigt er schon mal. Unrühmlich bekanntgeworden hingegen ist al-Awa für Hetze gegen Kopten: Die koptische Kirche würde angeblich eine Frau gefangen halten, die zum Islam konvertieren möchte. Die Kirche würde überhaupt einen Staat im Staat bilden. Sie würde heimlich Waffen horten, um diese gegen Muslime einzusetzen.

    In 2010 he alleged that the Coptic Church had kidnapped a Coptic woman to prevent her converting to Islam. El-Awa accused the Church, in an interview to Al-Jazeera at the time, of acting as a “state within a state,” saying that it was unacceptable that the government turned a blind eye to the Church taking the convert hostage. He also claimed that the Church was smuggling and hiding weapons to use them against Muslims.

    Mohamed Selim El-Awa | by: Salma Shukrallah | Ahram Online 02.04.2012

    http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/36/124/36721/Presidential-elections-/Meet-the-candidates/Mohamed-Selim-ElAwa.aspx

  86. Jacques Auvergne Says:

    Dubai 2004, ein Kleriker gibt die korrekte theologische Antwort auf die Frage der weiblichen Beschneidung (FGM, weibliche Genitalverstümmelung) im Islam.

    _ _

    MEMRI TV Project

    Dr. `Omar al-Khatib · Dubai Ministry of Religious Endowments (Awqaf)

    Dubai TV 15.08.2004

    „What is the religious position of this subject?“ […]

    [ Minister Dr. Umar al-Chatib; s. Untertitel ]

    „There are clerics who believe“ […]

    „I say whoever performs this procedure of circumcising his daughters in a legitimate way and according to accepted religious principles – there is nothing wrong with this.“

    _ _

    [ Islam und Genitalverstümmelung an Frauen, erklärt von einem hohen Kleriker aus Dubai. Der fromme Geistliche mit dem keuschen heiligen Fummel, äh Kittel, eine himmlisch-blaue Glitzerglaskugel wie zufällig vorm Gemächt, billigt die Mädchenbeschneidung, die andererseits auch nicht sein muss, die jedoch gerne erlaubt ist, sofern sie in der rechten islamischen Weise durchgeführt wird. Und ohnehin sollte man öffentlich nicht so viel darüber reden. ]

    Minister Umar al-Chatib:

    „Ich würde sagen, kurz und bündig, dass es Kleriker gibt, die glauben, dass dieses [Islamic FGM · islamische weibliche Genitalverstümmelung] ein ehrbare [makruma] Tat ist und eine Frau würdigt, obwohl es nach der Sunna noch nicht einmal erforderlich ist. Andere sagen, dass es nach der Sunna doch erforderlich ist. Wieder andere halten es für religiös absolut verpflichtend [wadschib].“

    „Ich sage: Jeder, der diese Prozedur des Beschneidens seiner Töchter [Chitan al-banat; zu: bint, Tochter; Chitan-al-inath, Chatna] in einer legitimen Weise durchführt und in Übereinstimmung mit den akzeptierten religiösen Grundsätzen […] – darin liegt nichts Falsches.“

    http://www.liveleak.com/view?i=6f3_1209919315

    https://www.memri.org/tv/dubai-government-official-female-genital-mutilation-daughters-optional-religious-point-view

    Transcript

    […] I would say, in brief, that there are clerics who believe that this is a noble sign that dignifies a woman and is not even required by the Sunna. Others say it is required by the Sunna, yet others say it obligatory. […]

    I say that whoever performs this procedure of circumcising his daughters in a legitimate way and according to accepted religious principles […] there is nothing wrong with this. […]

    (MEMRI)

    https://www.memri.org/tv/dubai-government-official-female-genital-mutilation-daughters-optional-religious-point-view/transcript

    _ _ _ _

    Dr. Omar Mohammed Al Khateeb
    [ Umar al-Chatib ]

    Dr. Omar Mohammed Al Khateeb is the Executive Director of Islamic Affairs Sector in Dubai Government’s Islamic Affairs and Charitable Activities Department.

    https://www.globalpeace.org/people/dr-omar-mohammed-al-khateeb

    [ Global Peace Convention · GPC ]

    Presentation at GPC Malaysia 2013

    [Dr. Al Khateeb] Ethics and Moral Values for a Better Future from GlobalPeaceFoundation [ Global Peace Foundation · GPF ]

    _ _
    _ _

    Female Circumcision – Women’s rights in Islam

    A short televised sermon by Dr. Omar al-Khatib of the Dubai Ministry of Religious Endowment.

    .

    .

  87. Cees van der Duin Says:

    „Laut meiner Frau werden aber auch die Mädchen beschnitten.“

    „P.S. meine frau sagt gerade sunat wird immer noch gemacht, wie du siehst nur wenn man gezielt fragt, habe das Gefühl man redet nicht gerne darüber, bevor sich irgendwelche Leute aufregen, ja ich denke es wird ignoriert, aber diese Religionsthemen sind sehr explosiv,“

    „Ein befreundeter Arzt, balinesischer Moslem, sagte mir, auf das heikle Thema der weiblichen Beschneidung angesprochen, dass auf Bali nur die Vorhaut der Klitoris entfernt, im muslimisch dominierten Indonesien auch die Sunna, also die Entfernung der Klitoris, praktiziert würde.“
    .
    .

    Indonesion Forum (2007) zur FGM

    Geschrieben von Alicia am 26.06.2007, 13:57:

    Vor ein paar Tagen kam das Thema auf, daß es manchmal an Fragen, abseits von Hotels, Restaurants etc., fehlt. Diesen Anstoß möchte ich dazu nutzen, ein Thema einzustellen, das vor ca. 2 Jahren etwas unterging, weil es unter „TV-Termine“ eingestellt war und dort warscheinlich nicht so viele User mitlesen. Ich habe damals keine Antwort erhalten und bei Recherchen im Internet konnte ich auch nichts dazu finden. Deshalb kopier ich den Thread jetzt einfach nochmal hier rein und bin gespannt, ob jemand etwas dazu weiß, weil es mich wirklich interessiert.

    […]

    26.06.2007, 14:45:

    Dass in Indonesien die muslimische Bevolkerung bei den Männern die Beschneidung praktiziert wird dürfte wohl jedem klar sein. Laut meiner Frau werden aber auch die Mädchen beschnitten.

    […]

    28.06.2007, 04:29:

    P.S. meine frau sagt gerade sunat wird immer noch gemacht, wie du siehst nur wenn man gezielt fragt, habe das Gefühl man redet nicht gerne darüber, bevor sich irgendwelche Leute aufregen, ja ich denke es wird ignoriert, aber diese Religionsthemen sind sehr explosiv,

    […]

    28.06.2007, 21:18:

    Du schriebst:

    > Laut meiner Frau werden aber auch die Mädchen beschnitten.

    Und Marc schrieb:

    > meine frau sagt gerade sunat wird immer noch gemacht.

    Ein befreundeter Arzt, balinesischer Moslem, sagte mir, auf das heikle Thema der weiblichen Beschneidung angesprochen, dass auf Bali nur die Vorhaut der Klitoris entfernt, im muslimisch dominierten Indonesien auch die Sunna, also die Entfernung der Klitoris, praktiziert würde.

    [Clitoridectomies] [K]litoridektomien, also die Entfernung der Klitoris […], wie in vielen arabischen Gottesstaaten, bzw. Infibulationen, also die Entfernung der Klitoris und der kleinen [oder] großen Schamlippen [und die anschließende Infubulation, das Zusammennähen], wie in einigen afrikanischen Gottesstaaten, fänden nicht statt.

    @ Mathias

    Ob der Brauch der Klitoris-Beschneidung muslimischen, oder ethnischen Ursprungs ist, wird den ca. 6.000 muslimischen Mädchen, die täglich irgendwo auf der Welt, auch in Indonesien, auch auf Bali, körperlich und seelisch verstümmelt werden, egal sein…

    […]

    http://www.indonesia-forum.de/wbboard/print.php?threadid=9071&boardid=2&styleid=1&sid=b9b5ec29e41856a5d0a58955d8a1aef8&page=1&sid=b9b5ec29e41856a5d0a58955d8a1aef8

  88. Adriaan Broekhuizen Says:

    „An Islamic practice that brings untold benefits to women.“

    „Eine islamische Praxis, die den Frauen unerhörte Wohltaten schenkt.“

    Asiff Hussein, Ethnologe und Pro-Chatna-Aktivist (Pro-FGM-Aktivist) aus Sri Lanka, in: Female Circumcision: The Hidden Truth.
    .
    .

    “Pointing fingers at the 1,400-year-old practice” – allerdings zeigen wir darauf und klagen an

    Nein zur Erlaubnis der weiblichen Genitalverstümmelung genannt Chatna bzw. Sunna. Ob in den USA (Jumana Nagarwala, Farida Attar, Fakhruddin Attar) oder in Europa: Auch die berüchtigte Religionsfreiheit rechtfertigt keine Straffreiheit der FGM.
    .

    […] Known as khatna or khafd within the community, the procedure is termed as a violation of human rights as well as child rights by the World Health Organisation. But the followers of the practice term it as female circumcision, and feel that the anti-khatna lobby has given it a “nasty” portrayal. […]

    Eine 35-jährige Geschäftsfrau aus Dubai, die im Alter von siebeneinhalb Jahren beschnitten wurde, sagte:

    „Für uns ist das eine religiöse Handlung. Allerdings ist die Weise, in der sie wiedergegeben worden ist, wirklich hässlich. Ich bin Muslim und folge der Scharia, und mein Gefühl sagt mir, dass nichts an der Praxis weiblicher Beschneidung falsch ist.“

    […] When The Hindu spoke to well-educated and well-placed Bohra women from across the world, who had gathered in Nairobi, Kenya, for the inauguration of an Arabic academy by their religious leader Syedna Mufaddal Saifuddin, each one echoed the same sentiment.

    “It is a religious practice for us. But the way it has been portrayed is extremely nasty. I am a Muslim and I follow Shariat, and I feel there is nothing wrong with the practice of female circumcision,” said a 35-year-old Dubai-based businesswoman who was cut at the age of seven-and-a-half. […]

    [Hier Nebel geworfen und zusätzlich verharmlost. Die islamische Chatna kann eine FGM Ia sein, aber ebensogut eine FGM Ib oder II oder IV. Gerade auch bei den Dawudi Bohra ist die Teilamputation oder Amputation nicht der Klitorisvorhaut, sondern der Klitoris immer wieder nachgewiesen worden.

    Erstens steht die Intaktheit der Klitoris islamisch jederzeit zur Disposition und zweitens ist und bleibt selbst ein Einschnitt oder Nadelstich weibliche Genitalverstümmelung (Female genital mutilation), FGM.

    Es gibt keine akzeptable De-minimis-Mädchenbeschneidung: Null-Toleranz zur FGM.]

    “There is simply a tiny slit on the prepuce, which helps expose the clitoris more. Because of this, the sexual pleasure and arousal is much more.”

    [Wer achtzehn Jahre alt ist, kann über seine Geschlechtsorgane eine eigene Entscheidung treffen – eher nicht.]

    […] Anti-khatna activists, however, say that the practice is nothing but violation.

    “For me, it is no different than child sexual abuse,” says Insia Dariwala, co-founder of Sahiyo, an organisation that is working towards ending the practice of khatna.

    Ms. Dariwala says a strong FGM law needs be incorporated within the already existing Protection of Children from Sexual Offenses (POCSO) Act in India. “Any practice, religious or otherwise, if it causes physical or mental trauma to an innocent child, should be discontinued,” she said.

    THE U.S. ARRESTS

    Dr. Jumana Nagarwala: Emergency room physician at Henry Ford Hospital in Detroit, who allegedly performed the FGM procedure

    Dr. Fakhruddin Attar: Ran the Burhani Medical Centre in Livonia, Michigan. The premises were allegedly used by Dr. Nagarwala to perform the procedure

    Farida Attar: Wife of Dr. Fakhruddin Attar, who allegedly assisted Dr. Nagarwala while performing the procedures

    Khatna has been given a bad name, say Bohra women from around the world | by Jyoti Shelar | The Hindu 26.04.2017

    http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/mumbai/khatna-has-been-given-a-bad-name-say-bohra-women-from-around-the-world/article18211061.ece

    ___
    ___

    Und sogleich – im Kommentarbereich – eilt der Verteidiger der Schariagesetze und Mädchenbeschneidungen heran, Asiff Hussein.

    15 days ago

    A well written and balanced article. Female circumcision is certainly an Islamic duty whether practiced by Bohras or by the rest of us in the Muslim world. It is not genital mutilation at all. It involves removing the skin (prepuce) around the clitoris which enhances, not curbs women’s sexuality. This procedure allows the clitoris to be exposed for greater stimulation since it does away with the prepuce which serves as an obstacle to sexual satisfaction. The clitoral prepuce also harbours germs such as the cancer-causing HPV.

    Seit vielen Jahren seltsam begeistert, erzählt Asiff Hussein auch 2017 die (vom US-amerikanischen Sufischeic Nuh Ha Mim Keller stammende) Lüge, dass die Koran und Sunna folgende Mädchenbeschneidung (FGM) die Klitoris intakt lasse, ja sogar für die Frau lusterhöhend sei, eine wahre Orgasmusgarantie.

    Den Umstand, dass ja die körperlich ausgewachsene – 18 Jahre und älter – Frau selbst über die Anwendung einer (angeblichen) luststeigernden OP entscheiden könnte, übergeht Asiff Hussein, der Freund des Mädchenbeschneidens (Islamic FGM).

    .

    .

    Asiff Hussein

    Asiff Hussein is a Sri Lankan journalist and freelance writer. He is the author of a number of publications in the fields of Ethnology, Sociology and Linguistics. He currently serves as Editorial Director of Sailan Muslim, a Sri Lankan website, overseeing the Finance, Culture & Heritage and Publications pages.

    „Eine islamische Praxis, die den Frauen unerhörte Wohltaten schenkt.“

    Hussein has written in support of what the World Health Organization classifies as Type Ia Female Genital Mutilation. In an article entitled „Female Circumcision: The Hidden Truth“ he defended amputation of the clitoral prepuce as „an Islamic practice that brings untold benefits to women.“ In May 2016 a Facebook page promoting Hussein’s article was deleted by Facebook after multiple complaints from Facebook users.

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asiff_Hussein

    .

    Hussein’s book Sarandib, an Ethnological Study of the Muslims of Sri Lanka is a study of Sri Lankan Muslim society.

    Asiff Hussein: The Lion and the Sword. An Ethnological Study of Sri Lanka. Vols.1 and 2 (2001/2008)

    .

    Schluss mit dem Chitan al-inath, dem islamischen Mädchenbeschneiden (Islamic FGM).

    .

  89. Edward von Roy Says:

    ::

    Senate votes unanimously to criminalize female genital mutilation

    by: Kathleen Gray | Detroit Free Press Lansing Bureau 17.05.2017

    […] “We’ve taken a stand that five years isn’t enough,” said Sen. Rick Jones, R-Grand Ledge. “This is about controlling women. It’s an attack on humanity, and today in Michigan, we said no, never again.”

    The bills — SB 337 and 338 — now move to the House of Representatives for consideration.

    http://www.freep.com/story/news/2017/05/17/senate-votes-unanimously-criminalize-female-genital-mutilation/327558001/

    ::

    2 more couples’ custody at risk in mutilation case

    by: Oralandar Brand-Williams, The Detroit News 19.05.2017

    Two more Metro Detroit couples face petitions from state welfare officials seeking to terminate their parental rights amidst a growing federal investigation into female genital mutilation [ FGM ].

    The two couples, who have not been charged, went before a Wayne County juvenile judge Friday for a pretrial hearing on the state’s bid to strip their custody. Also before the court: a third custody case involving Dr. Jumana Nagarwala […]

    Two other couples, not charged in the case, also are subjects of a complaint by state welfare officials to end their parental right. In a hearing May 9, an Oakland County Juvenile Court referee allowed the couples of both children to remain with them while the mutilation investigation continues.

    http://www.detroitnews.com/story/news/local/wayne-county/2017/05/19/nagarwala-mutilation-custody-hearing/101880250/

    ::

  90. Peninsulam Amœnam Says:

    Taqiyya by Jalal Baig: „female genital mutilation is not a fundamentally Islamic practice“.

    For Sunni Shafii fiqh and for Shia Dawoodi Bohra female genital mutilation (FGM) is a fundamentally Islamic practice.

    FGM is not an exclusively Muslim problem does not mean it is not primarily a Muslim problem.

    FGM is Islamic Law (Sharia), Islam. „Female Genital Mutilation Isn’t a Muslim Issue“, Muslim? Islam! FGM is an Islamic Issue.

    Not The Muslim, Islam Is the Problem.

    http://www.slate.com/articles/health_and_science/medical_examiner/2017/05/politicization_of_female_genital_mutilation_makes_it_harder_to_treat.html

    .

    „The Dawoodi Bohras are amongst the most educated in India, yet we […] practice FGM. The practice has nothing to do with religion and is more of a cultural practice.“

    https://www.change.org/p/end-female-genital-mutilation-in-india?recruiter=10896240&utm_source=share_petition&utm_medium=facebook&utm_campaign=share_facebook_responsive&utm_term=des-lg-no_src-custom_msg&fb_ref=Default

    Zehra Patwa

    ___ps://de-de.facebook.com/zehra.patwa/posts/879118978858863

    Female genital mutilation (FGM) is accepted in all four Sunni Muslim madhahib of fiqh (schools of Islamic jurisprudence).

    Ijma’a (consensus by scholars)

    The Shafi’i school considers female circumcision to be wajib (obligatory).
    The Hanbali school considers female circumcision to be makruma (honorable) and strongly encouraged, to obligatory.
    The Maliki school considers female circumcision to be sunna (optional) and preferred.
    The Hanafi school considers female circumcision to be sunna (preferred).

    _____

    • The Hanafi view is that it is a sunna (optional act) for both females and males;

    • Maliki hold the view that it is wajib (obligatory) for males and sunna (optional) for females;

    • Shafi’i view it as wajib (obligatory) for both females and males;

    • Hanbali have two opinions:
    – it is wajib (obligatory) for both males and females
    – it is wajib (obligatory) for males and makrumah (honourable) for females.

    ( UNFPA )

    Klicke, um auf De-linking%20FGM%20from%20Islam%20final%20report.pdf zuzugreifen

    _____

    Si Quæris Peninsulam Amœnam Circumspice
    If you seek a pleasant peninsula, look about you.

  91. Nothing to do with Islam, as usual Says:

    The hoax of a hoax

    Stop whitewashing Islam! Nine Days Earlier.

    02.05.2017, April Horning is right, khatna (khitan al-inath, FGM) is an Islamic practice.

    ___

    Minnesota Muslims Denied Twisted Ritual As State Officials Label Islamic Practice As Criminal

    Posted by April Horning | May 2, 2017 | States’ Rights, Top Article

    https://conservativedailypost.com/minnesota-muslims-denied-twisted-ritual-state-officials-label-islamic-practice-criminal/?utm_source=Push&utm_medium=OneSignal&utm_campaign=2_May-1

    ___

    Nine Days Later. Has she been forced to revoke?

    ___

    Exposed: Islamic FGM Practice Proven A Hoax, Twisted Practice Found Nowhere In Religious Text

    Posted by April Horning | May 11, 2017 | Liberal Corruption

    (…) FGM is not endorsed by either Islam or by Christianity (…)

    [ image description ] Religion is often the excuse behind FGM, but there is no direct tie between the two.

    https://conservativedailypost.com/exposed-islamic-fgm-practice-proven-hoax-twisted-practice-found-nowhere-religious-text/

    ___

    Nothing but good news to report with regard to Islam.

    The hoax of a hoax.

  92. Keine Beschneidung (MGM oder FGM) unter achtzehn Says:

    __

    Einwilligungsfähige Minderjährige

    Der Beginn der Einwilligungsfähigkeit ist nicht an ein Mindestalter gebunden. Bei Kindern und Jugendlichen muss der Arzt vor einer Behandlung daher prüfen, inwieweit diese bereits einwilligungsfähig sind. Die Einwilligung eines Minderjährigen ist dem Bundesgerichtshof (BGH) zufolge dann rechtswirksam, wenn dieser „nach seiner geistigen und sittlichen Reife die Bedeutung und Tragweite des Eingriffs und seiner Gestattung zu ermessen vermag“. Ein Minderjähriger kann somit einwilligungsfähig sein, bevor er volljährig ist. Das Entscheidungsrecht in Bezug auf medizinische Behandlungen wird dennoch bis zur Volljährigkeit den Sorgeberechtigten überlassen. Kritiker sehen darin einen Wertungswiderspruch, da einem Minderjährigen einerseits die Einwilligungsfähigkeit zugeschrieben werden kann, er andererseits aber in Abhängigkeit der Fürsorge seiner Eltern belassen wird. Argumentiert wird, dass Kinder und Jugendliche laut der von Deutschland ratifizierten UN-Kinderrechtskonvention ein Recht darauf haben, dass ihre Meinung gehört und bei allen sie betreffenden Entscheidungen angemessen berücksichtigt wird. In der Forschungsliteratur im Bereich der Kinderheilkunde, Sozialpädiatrie und der Kinderpsychologie plädieren Autoren daher vermehrt für das Konzept der kindlichen Zustimmung bzw. des Vetos. Analog zu dem Konzept der informierten Einwilligung, das bei Erwachsenen in der klinischen Praxis mittlerweile standardmäßig angewendet wird, sollten, so die Autoren, auch Kinder und Jugendliche in ihre Behandlungsentscheidungen mit einbezogen werden.

    Dörries, Andrea (2013): Zustimmung und Veto. Aspekte der Selbstbestimmung im Kindesalter. In: Claudia Wiesemann / Alfred Simon (Hrsg.): Patientenautonomie. Theoretische Grundlagen, praktische Anwendungen. Münster: mentis, 180-189

    http://www.drze.de/im-blickpunkt/patientenverfuegungen/module/einwilligungsfaehige-minderjaehrige

    __
    __

    Dr. med. Andrea Dörries
    Direktorin des Zentrums für Gesundheitsethik (ZfG)
    Ev.-luth. Landeskirche Hannovers
    Hannover

    http://www.ev-medizinethik.de/pages/kontakt/subpages/dr__med__andrea_doerries/index.html

    Dr. Andrea Dörries
    Zentrum für Gesundheitsethik an der Ev. Akademie Loccum
    Hannover

    http://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/person/1706116

    __
    __

    Prof. Dr. Eva Schumann

    Beschneidung nach § 1631d BGB als Kindeswohlgefährdung?, in: Isabell Götz/Ingeborg Schwenzer/Kurt Seelmann/Jochen Taupitz (Hrsg.), Familie – Recht – Ethik, Festschrift für Gerd Brudermüller zum 65. Geburtstag, München 2014, S. 729-741

    https://www.uni-goettingen.de/de/aktuelle-forschungsprojekte-tagungen-und-publikationen/530489.html

    Institut für Rechtsgeschichte, Rechtsphilosophie und Rechtsvergleichung – Abteilung für Deutsche Rechtsgeschichte

    Prof. Dr. Eva Schumann
    Juristische Fakultät
    Georg-August-Universität Göttingen

    http://www.deutsche-rechtsgeschichte.uni-goettingen.de/

    __
    __

    Werden im Islam auch Mädchen beschnitten? [Ja. Islam = FGM. Mindestens sunnitisch-schafiitisch ist die Beschneidung aller Jungen und Mädchen religiöse Pflicht (evtl. auch die hanbalitische), die anderen drei Rechtsschulen betrachten die Mädchenbeschneidung wohlwollend. Islamic FGM ist auch den schiitischen Dawudi Bohra Religionspflicht.]

    Die Beschneidung von Mädchen ist im Islam verboten. [Desinformation pur.]

    http://www.religionen-entdecken.de/eure_fragen/werden-im-islam-auch-madchen-beschnitten

    GbR religionen-entdecken
    Schlehenweg
    Isernhagen
    Herausgeberinnen, Projekt- und Redaktionsleitung
    Christiane Baer-Krause (jb)
    Barbara Wolf-Krause (wk)

    Wissenschaftliche Beratung | Islam: Annett Abdel-Rahman, Promovendin an der Universität Osnabrück, Fachbereich Islamische Religionspädagogik, und Lehrerin für islamischen Religionsunterricht an der Drei-Religionen-Schule-Osnabrück (ar)

    http://www.religionen-entdecken.de/impressum

    Kopftuch im Islam | Eure Fragen zum Kopftuch

    „Damit folgen sie einem religiösen Gebot, um Allah näher zu kommen. Unwohl fühlen sich viele Misliminnen eher, wenn sie für ihr Kopftuch in der Öffentlichkeit beschimpft werden oder keine Wohnung oder Ausbildungsstelle bekommen.“ (Annett)
    [Annett Abdel-Rahman, Lehrerin für islamischen Religionsunterricht an der Drei-Religionen-Schule-Osnabrück, betreibt „Wissenschaftliche Beratung“ für die GbR religionen-entdecken (Isernhagen)]

    http://www.religionen-entdecken.de/lexikon/k/kopftuch-im-islam

    Kopftuchverbot
    – soll den Islam unsichtbar machen

    http://www.religionen-entdecken.de/lexikon/k/kopftuchverbot

    Beschneidung bei Jungen
    – ist umstritten

    „Eine Beschneidung muss immer keimfrei und fachgerecht ausgeführt werden. Dann erleiden gesunde Jungen und Männer in der Regel keine körperlichen Nachteile durch den Eingriff.“

    http://www.religionen-entdecken.de/lexikon/b/beschneidung-bei-jungen

    __

  93. Edward von Roy Says:

    .

    [ Mary Chartier, die Anwältin von Privatklinikbesitzer Dr. Fakhruddin Attar, stellt das 1997 erlassene Bundesgesetz gegen die FGM in Frage, denn das Verbot sei zu unbestimmt, übermäßig und verletze die Religionsfreiheit.

    Sie merkt an, dass die Jungenbeschneidung ja ebenfalls religiöse Gründe habe – und in den USA straffrei möglich ist, sehr anders als die so ähnliche Prozedur für die Mädchen. ]

    Defense to question if female genital mutilation ban is unconstitutional | Gus Burns | MLive 03.05.2017

    http://www.mlive.com/news/detroit/index.ssf/2017/05/defense_to_question_if_genital.html

    .

  94. Cees van der Duin Says:

    İlhan Ilkılıç
    Ilhan Ilkilic

    İlhan Ilkılıç (* 1967 in Kepsut, Türkei) ist ein Gesundheitswissenschaftler und Fachautor vornehmlich zum Thema „Begegnung und Umgang mit muslimischen Patienten“ in einer westlich geprägten Welt. Der Mediziner und Philosoph lebt seit Anfang der 1990er-Jahre in Deutschland.

    Leben

    Nach Ausbildung zum Humanmediziner in Istanbul (Staatsexamen 1990) studierte Ilkılıç von 1992 bis 1997 Philosophie, Islamwissenschaften und Orientalische Philologie in Bochum und Tübingen. 2001 promovierte er an der Universität Bochum zum Dr. phil. Seit 2005 ist er wissenschaftlicher Mitarbeiter am Institut für Geschichte, Theorie und Ethik der Medizin an der Johannes-Gutenberg-Universität und forscht schwerpunktmäßig zu sozialen und ethischen Fragen von „Public Health Genetics“, Gesundheitsethik, Gesundheitsmündigkeit sowie islamischer und interkultureller Bioethik.

    Er veröffentlichte seit 1993 zahlreiche Fachbuchbeiträge (in englischer, deutscher wie türkischer Sprache) und Aufsätze und sonstige wissenschaftliche Publikationen. 2002 veröffentlichte er eine umfangreiche Arbeit Der muslimische Patient über medizinethische Aspekte des muslimischen Krankheitsverständnisses in einer wertpluralen Gesellschaft. Sein schmaleres Begegnung und Umgang mit muslimischen Patienten, eine „Handreichung für die Gesundheitsberufe“ erschien 2006 in 6. Auflage.

    2012 wurde Ilkılıç von Bundestagspräsident Norbert Lammert auf Vorschlag von Bundestag und Bundesregierung in den Deutschen Ethikrat berufen.

    https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0lhan_Ilk%C4%B1l%C4%B1%C3%A7

    ::

    [ Ilhan Ilkilic | İlhan Ilkılıç ]

    Berlin, 23.8.2012, Deutscher Ethikrat

    Beschneidung der minderjährigen Jungen aus der Sicht der Muslime bzw. des Islam

    von: Dr. (TR) Dr. phil. Ilhan Ilkilic [ İlhan Ilkılıç ]

    (Mitglied des Deutschen Ethikrates)

    […] Die Beschneidung von Jungen ist zwar irreversibel, wenn sie aber fachgerecht und unter dem erforderlichen medizinischen Qualitätsstandard durchgeführt wird, entsteht weder eine Beeinträchtigung der Organfunktion noch ein irreversibler gesundheitlicher Schaden […] Aufgrund der zentralen Bedeutung der Beschneidung für den islamischen Glauben und die reale Religionspraxis der Muslime in Deutschland […]

    Klicke, um auf plenarsitzung-23-08-2012-ilkilic.pdf zuzugreifen

  95. Zero Tolerance for Female Genital Mutilation Says:

    Famed constitutional law scholar and attorney Alan Dershowitz has joined the defense team in the nation’s first female genital mutilation case in federal court. […]

    Dershowitz and prominent Birmingham defense attorney Mayer Morganroth were hired about three weeks ago by the Dawat-e-Hadiyah, an international religious organization overseeing a small sect of Shia Muslim mosques around the world. […]

    Dershowitz joins genital mutilation case defense team | by Robert Snell, The Detroit News 01.06.2017

    http://www.detroitnews.com/story/news/local/detroit-city/2017/06/01/dershowitz-genital-mutilation-case/102378354/

    Dr Syedna Mohammad Burhanuddin is the 97-year-old spiritual leader of the Dawoodi Bohras. His organization the Dawat-e-Hadiyah

    http://www.dawoodibohra.co.uk/tag/dawat-e-hadiyah/

    […] Detroit-area lawyer Mayer Morganroth says he and lawyer Alan Dershowitz have been hired by the faith’s international leaders […]

    Detroit Genital Mutilation Case – More Charges Possible | AP | India West 02.06.2017

    http://www.indiawest.com/news/global_indian/detroit-genital-mutilation-case-more-charges-possible/article_28202ec4-4726-11e7-a49d-938611b9a2e8.html

  96. Edward von Roy Says:

    .

    Imam on #FGM in Fairfax County, Virginia, USA.

    Cutting the tip prevents girls from becoming „Hypersexually Active.“

    MEMRI

    .

    https://twitter.com/LaloDagach/status/871061502081585153

    .
    .

    #6043 Virginia Imam Shaker Elsayed Endorses Female Circumcision (FGM): It Prevents Girls from Becoming Hypersexually Active

    The Internet
    2017-05-19
    02:49

    .

    https://www.memri.org/tv/dar-al-hijrah-mosque-fairfax-virginia-fgm-prevents-hypersexuality

    .
    .

    The Middle East Media Research Institute (MEMRI)
    1. Juni um 03:23 ·

    Virginia Imam Shaker Elsayed Endorses Female Circumcision (FGM): It Prevents Girls from Becoming Hypersexually Active

    During a sermon in Fairfax County, Virginia, Imam Shaker Elsayed endorsed the practice of female circumcision, saying that it was „the honorable thing for girls“ in cases when it is necessary in order to prevent hypersexuality. „A Muslim gynecologist can tell you if you need to or not,“ he said, adding that the practice damages the woman’s sexuality only if more is cut off than necessary. The Egyptian-born Shaker Elsayed, who has been the resident imam at Dar Al-Hijrah Islamic Center since June 2005 and served as Secretary-General of the Muslim American Society in 2000-2005, further warned that „in societies where circumcision of girls is completely prohibited, hypersexuality takes over the entire society, and a woman is not satisfied with one person, or two, or three.“ For another sermon by Imam Elsayed, in which he said that the children of Israel had slayed prophets, see MEMRI TV clip 5989. Dar Al-Hijrah was the mosque where top Al-Qaeda leader Anwar Al-Awlaki served as imam, including on 9/11.

    .

    .

  97. Jacques Auvergne Says:

    .

    Perlis mufti decrees female circumcision optional, says no proof it cuts libido

    Malay Mail Online 08.06.2017

    KUALA LUMPUR, June 8 ― Perlis mufti Datuk Mohd Asri Zainul Abidin announced yesterday that the practice of female genital mutilation (FGM) or circumcision not only has no basis in Islam, but may cause harm among infants if done improperly.

    The Perlis fatwa committee had decided in meeting in April 18 and 19 together with Islamic scholars and medical experts, that there is no proof that the ritual will reduce libido among women, a factor that is regularly cited as one of the reasons behind FGM.

    “Female circumcision that is done by certain parts of the society without reviewing its necessity with experts is a practise that has no basis in Shariah, furthermore it may expose infants to harm if done incorrectly,” said the committee’s decision, as announced by Asri on his official Facebook page.

    In Malaysia, the most prevalent form of FGM among Muslims is Type I, where midwives or doctors remove the clitoral hood of women, usually when they are still infants or children.

    Some practise Type IV, a ritual form which included pricking or nicking of the genitals.

    The mufti’s decree goes against a reported declaration by the national fatwa committee in April 2009 that FGM is obligatory among Muslim women.

    Similarly, the office of Federal Territories mufti Datuk Zulkifli Mohamad said last year that the FGM is obligatory in Islam.

    The Perlis fatwa however said that not all women are required to undergo FGM and the decision is up to “experts”.

    The decree did not specify the requirement for a woman to undergo FGM, but said it is an “honour” for those who need to go through with it. […]

    Worldwide, more than 200 million girls and women are believed to have undergone FGM, according to United Nations figures.

    In Indonesia, women’s minister Yohana Yembise had embarked on a renewed campaign against FGM starting last year despite opposition from religious leaders, while in Singapore, it was reported that medical clinics perform FGM in secret for the Muslim community.

    http://www.themalaymailonline.com/malaysia/article/perlis-mufti-decrees-female-circumcision-optional-says-no-proof-it-cuts-lib

    .

  98. Edward von Roy Says:

    MUMBAI: At a time when voices of dissent against khatna or female genital mutilation (FGM) performed on little girls in the Dawoodi Bohra community are getting stronger, a group of six Bohra women, including two doctors, have formed a group called Dawoodi Bohra Women for Religious Freedom (DBWRF) in support of female circumcision.

    While the subject is still being debated in legal and medical circles in India, the involvement of two doctors as founders of the group endorsing khatna or khafz – a procedure where a pinch of skin from the clitoral hood of girls between the ages of six and twelve is sliced off on religious grounds, in silence and secrecy – can warrant action if brought to the attention of the Indian Medical Association (IMA), Dr KK Aggarwal, national president of the IMA, told TOI on Thursday.

    „DBWRF has been formed to give voice to mainstream Dawoodi Bohra women who have been taken for granted as a community. We are here to say that we have a right under the constitution to practise something that is harmless. We don’t need a law that victimises a minority community,“ claimed Dr Fatema Jetpurwala, a homeopath and specialist in neuro-developmental disabilities at Saifee Hospital who is among the founders alongside Dr Alefiya Bapai, a gynaecologist and laparoscopic surgeon at Saifee Hospital; Nafisa Kagalwala, a teacher; Batul Ratlamwala, a home chef; Rashida Diwan, an educator; and Johra Attarwala, a counsellor. […]

    2 women doctors promote female genital mutilation, may face action
    Mohua Das | TNN | Updated: Jun 2, 2017, 02.24

    http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/defying-dissent-2-women-docs-promote-fgm-may-face-action/articleshow/58952494.cms

  99. LevBehZiz Says:

    ::

    Yaacov Shapiro – Der Rebe zol leybn

    Az der rebe shteyt oyf fun tish, tut a vunk tsum gabe reb …

    אַז דער רבּי שטײט אַױף פֿון טיש, טוט אַ װוּנק צום גבּאי רבּ שעפּסל

    ::

    ::

    hamer un ayzn

    der hamer un dos shtik ayzn

    https://www.uni-trier.de/index.php?id=31485

    ::
    ::

    [ dos yidishe lid fun der vokh ]
    The Yiddish Song of the Week

    [ Index ]

    Index of Songs & Singers

    Gabe! ­– Vos vil der rebe?
    Der rebe vil ­­– me zol im derlangen.
    Vos? – Latkes mit shmalts,
    Az der rebe mit der rebetsn
    Zol zayn a gezunt in haldz.

    https://yiddishsong.wordpress.com/tag/rebbe/

    „Lekoved yontef, lekoved Shabes“ Performed by Zinaida Lyovina and Dasya Khrapunskaya

    ס‘איז פֿינצטער, גליטשיק, שפּעט בײַ דער נאַכט
    S‘iz fintster, glitshik, shpeyt bay der nakht
    It‘s dark, slippery, late at night

    „Fintster, glitshik“ sung by Lifshe Schaechter-Widman

    The Yiddish Song of the Week is presented by the An-sky Jewish Folklore Research Project.

    About the An-sky Jewish Folklore Research Project

    ::

  100. Jacques Auvergne Says:

    Virginia mosque director quits after imam’s female genital mutilation claim

    09.06.2017 21:30

    (…) Imam Johari Abdul-Malik, who was director of outreach at the Dar Al-Hijrah mosque in Falls Church, posted his resignation Friday on his website. (…)

    Shaker Elsayed, Imam of Dar Al-Hijrah Mosque in Fairfax County, VA, Endorses FGM: It Prevents Girls from Becoming Hypersexually Active pic.twitter.com/DoMtvQHz9G

    — MEMRI (@MEMRIReports) June 1, 2017

    https://www.rt.com/usa/391755-virginia-mosque-director-quits-fgm/

    RT / “TV-Novosti”

    https://www.rt.com/usa/391755-virginia-mosque-director-quits-fgm/

  101. Edward von Roy Says:

    ~

    ~

    … the amount of a sesame seed „a sesame seed-sized amount“ … [ = FGM ]

    [ Jumana Nagarwala, Fakhruddin Attar, Farida Attar · Anjuman-e-Najmi mosque · Detroit, Michigan · Dawudi Bohra (Schia, Islam) ]

    Genital cutting case brings debate to the U.S.

    von: Pam Belluck · New York Times News Service · hier in: The Bulletin (Oregon) 11.06.2017

    http://www.bendbulletin.com/nation/5370434-151/genital-cutting-case-brings-debate-to-the-us

    Her lawyer, Shannon Smith, said Dr. Nagarwala acknowledged “removing a sesame seed-sized amount of mucous membrane” from the clitoral hood.

    “What she did does not meet the definition of female genital mutilation,” Ms. Smith said, calling it “a ritual nick” and “a protected religious procedure.”

    ~

    [ Imam Shaker Elsayed · Dar Al-Hijrah Islamic Center · Falls Church, Virginia · Sunnitischer Islam ]

    Mosque head quits after imam’s genital mutilation view

    von: Matthew Barakat · Associated Press 09.06.2017

    http://www.detroitnews.com/story/news/nation/2017/06/09/imam-genital-mutilation/102670690/

    ~

    ~

  102. Traoré Griot Says:

    ::

    ::

    ::

    ::

  103. Traoré Griot Says:

    ::

    [ Zitat ]

    TERRE DES FEMMES

    „Brücken bauen zwischen der EU und FGM Herkunftsländern“ – EndFGM Seminar in Brüssel

    Am 30.05.2017 findet in Brüssel ein Seminar zu dem Thema „Brücken bauen zwischen der EU und FGM Herkunftsländern“ statt, unsere TERRE DES FEMMES FGM Referentin Charlotte Weil ist heute vor Ort.

    Das EU-weite Netzwerk EndFGM […]

    Wir freuen uns sehr an diesem Tag teilzunehmen und gemeinsam an dem Konzept der weltweiten Überwindung von FGM zu arbeiten!

    Stand: 05/2017

    http://www.frauenrechte.de/online/index.php/themen-und-aktionen/weibliche-genitalverstuemmelung2/aktuelles/2445-bruecken-bauen-zwischen-der-eu-und-fgm-herkunftslaendern-endfgm-seminar-in-bruessel

    .

    .

    MAP-FGM Seminar in Brüssel zur wissenschaftlichen Forschung

    Am 08.06.2017 startete die zweitägige Konferenz von MAP-FGM zum Thema „Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting at the Intersection of Qualitative, Quantitative and Mixed Method Research – Experiences from Africa and Europe“ statt. Unsere TERRE DES FEMMES FGM Referentin Charlotte Weil ist vor Ort.

    Das Multisektionale Akademische Programm zur Verhinderung und Bekämpfung von weiblicher Genitalverstümmelung (MAP-FGM) […]

    http://www.frauenrechte.de/online/index.php/themen-und-aktionen/weibliche-genitalverstuemmelung2/aktuelles/2462-map-fgm-seminar-in-bruessel-zur-wissenschaftlichen-forschung

    ::

  104. 1+1=2 Says:

    [ Jumana Nagarwala, Fakhruddin Attar, Farida Attar · Anjuman-e-Najmi mosque · Detroit, Michigan · Dawudi Bohra (Schia, Islam) ]

    Cynthia Nunez, die vom Gericht eingesetzte Anwältin, die die Interessen der Kinder der amerikanischen Ärztin und muslimischen FGM-Ritualbeschneiderin Jumana Nagarwala vertritt, sagt, dass die Moschee der örtlichen schiitischen Dawudi Bohra die jeweilige FGM bezahlt habe.

    Nagarwala, eine Dawudi Bohra, ist Mitglied dieser einzigen Moschee (Anjuman-e-Najmi mosque on Orchard Lake Road in Farmington Hills) der Dawudi Bohra in Michigan. Nagarwalas Ehemann Moiz Nagarwala ist einer der geistlichen Führer der Moscheegemeinde sowie deren Schatzmeister.

    ____

    Cynthia Nunez, an attorney for the Michigan Children’s Law Center who represents two children of Dr. Jumana Nagarwala, said the physician was paid to cut girls as part of a procedure practiced by their religious and cultural community, the Dawoodi Bohra.

    Lawyer: Mosque paid for genital mutilation | by Oralandar Brand-Williams | The Detroit News 13.06.2017

    http://www.detroitnews.com/story/news/local/wayne-county/2017/06/13/attorney-alleges-mosque-paid-genital-mutilation/102829092/

    Attorney: Mosque paid doctor to perform genital cuttings on girls
    by Tresa Baldas | Detroit Free Press 13.06.2017

    http://www.freep.com/story/news/2017/06/13/witness-mosque-paid-doctor-perform-genital-cuttings-girls/394104001/

  105. June 14 • STOP Aus der Au & other Pro-FGM-propagandists • National Anti-FGM Day, June 14th, Egypt Says:

    .

    .

    CAIRO: A new campaign, aims to fight female genital mutilation (FGM,) will be launched on June 14 marking Egypt’s National Anti-FGM Day

    •ttps://www.facebook.com/TheGirlGen/posts/383678431838437

    EMMA | Das politische Magazin für Menschen

    Herausgeberin: Alice Schwarzer

    http://www.emma.de/

    .

    .

  106. Jeremy Clifford Says:

    .

    […] [ female genital mutilation: FGM ]

    Pontiac — A Farmington Hills couple charged with female genital mutilation may not return to their home […], an Oakland Circuit Court judge ruled Tuesday.

    Dr. Fakhruddin Attar and his wife, Farida Attar […]
    defense attorney Mary Chartier […]
    U.S. District Judge Bernard Friedman […]
    Oakland Circuit Judge Victoria Valentine […]
    attorney Matthew Newburg […]

    The Attars and Nagarwala belong to a Muslim sect called Dawoodi Bohra. They have denied the charges but said a religious ritual [khatna, Islamic FGM] was performed on girls. […]

    Couple in mutilation case not allowed to return home | by Mike Martindale, The Detroit News 20.06.2017

    http://www.detroitnews.com/story/news/local/oakland-county/2017/06/20/couple-denied-return-home-daughter/103053120/

    […] a religious procedure practiced by members of [the Dawoodi Bohra Shia Muslim sect].

    The alleged victims include two previously disclosed 7-year-old girls from Minnesota and four girls from Michigan ages 8-12. Prosecutors have said the conspiracy could involve as many as 100 victims. […]

    On Wednesday, two more people were accused of participating in the conspiracy. They are: Farida Arif and Fatema Dahodwala, both of Oakland County. […]

    Genital mutilation scandal widens | by Robert Snell, The Detroit News 21.06.2017

    http://www.detroitnews.com/story/news/local/michigan/2017/06/21/genital-mutilation/103069236/

    .
    .

    بظر baẓr
    Clitoris

    https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B8%D8%B1

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clitoris

    .
    .

    Reliance of the Traveller

    ‚Umdat as-Salik wa ‚Uddat an-Nasik (Reliance of the Traveller and Tools of the Worshipper, also commonly known by its shorter title Reliance of the Traveller) is a classical manual of fiqh for the Shafi’i school of Islamic jurisprudence. The author of the main text is 14th-century scholar Shihabuddin Abu al-‚Abbas Ahmad ibn an-Naqib al-Misri (AH 702-769 / AD 1302–1367). Al-Misri who based his work on the previous Shafi’i works of Imam Nawawi and Imam Abu Ishaq as-Shirazi. Ibn Naqib follows the order of Shirazi’s al-Muhadhdhab (The Rarefaction) and the conclusions of Nawawi’s Minhaj at-Talibin (The Seeker’s Road). This work consists of the soundest positions of the Shafi’i school.

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reliance_of_the_Traveller

    .

    .

    […] However what the Arabic actually says is:

    Circumcision is obligatory (for every male and female)
    by cutting off the piece of skin on the glans of the penis of the male,
    but circumcision of the female is by cutting out the clitoris
    (this is called HufaaD). {bold emphasis ours}

    The Arabic word bazr [baẓr] [بظر] does not mean „prepuce of the clitoris“, it means the clitoris itself […]

    Islamic Law on Female Circumcision | Answering Islam

    http://answering-islam.org/Sharia/fem_circumcision.html

    .
    .

    Celebrating Female Genital Mutilation In Indonesia

    .

    .

  107. Jacques Auvergne Says:

    [ obscures the Shafi’i law, given by ‚Umdat al-Salik ]

    [ ibn al-lakhna‘ means „son of the uncircumcised woman“ but carries the connotation of sexual promiscuity in the absence of clitoral excision ]
    ::
    ::

    […] Der Prophet (…) sagte:

    {لا ضرر ولا ضرار}

    „Es soll weder Schaden bringen, noch Schaden entgegen wirken.“ [1]

    Was die zulässige Form der Beschneidung angeht, so besteht diese daraus, einen geringfügigen Teil der Klitoris an der vorderen Vulva zu entfernen [genau, der Klitoris. Die gänzliche oder teilweise Amputation der Klitoris, auf Arabisch ist Kitzler der baẓr], denn der Prophet (…) sagte zu der Frau, welche Frauen beschneidet:

    {أشمي ولا تنهكي، فإنه أبهى للوجه وأحظى عند الزوج}

    „Reduziere es nur geringfügig und überschreite nicht die Grenze, denn das ist besser für ihre Gesundheit und begehrenswerter für den Ehemann.“ (Überliefert von Al-Hakim, Al-Tabarany und anderen. [2])

    […]

    Das Ständige Komitee für wissenschaftliche Forschung und Rechtsfragen
    (Bakr Abu Zayd, Salih Al-Fawzan, `Abdullah ibn Ghudayyan, `Abdul-`Aziz Al Al-Shaykh, `Abdul-`Aziz ibn `Abdullah ibn Baz)

    http://www.alifta.net> Fataawa al-Lajnah ad-Daa’imah lil buhuuth al-‚Ilmiyyah wal-Iftaa‘; Band 4: Fiqh – Taharah> Kapitel: Handlungen der Sunan-ul-Fitrah> Beschneidung> Unzulässigkeit der Grenzüberschreitung bei der Beschneidung von Mädchen> Achte Frage der Fatwa Nr. 20118;
    Band 4, Seite 44-45

    [1] Überliefert in ‚Ibn Majah‘, Kapitel: Entscheidungen, Nr. 2341; Ahmad, Musnad, Band 1, S. 313). Anm.: Von Al-Albani in ‚Al-Irwa‘ (3/408, Nr. 896) und in ‚Ghayat Al-Maram‘ (Hadith 68) als Sahih eingestuft.
    [2] Abu Dawuud, Sunan, Buch: Manieren, Nr. 5271.

    http://www.islamfatwa.de/soziale-angelegenheiten/84-familie-und-kinder/kinder-neugeborene/1499-unzulaessige-maedchen-beschneidung-pharaonische-beschneidung-genitalverstuemmelung

    ::
    ::

    […] Now before delving profound into the question of female circumcision, we would like to make it lucid that „female circumcision“ means removing the prepuce of the clitoris which is situated above the opening of the urethra, not the clitoris itself [Nein. Die Schönrede von Sufischeich Keller. Die autoritativen Texte geben Klitorisvorhaut nicht her, die Rede ist vom baZr (baẓr), der Klitoris]. The Sunna is not to remove all of it, but only a part [von dem baZr, baẓr].

    Umm Atiyya al-Ansariyya (…) narrates that a woman used to perform circumcision in Medina. The Prophet said to her: Do not cut severely as that is better for a woman and more desirable for a husband. [Sunan Abu Dawud]

    Circumcision is Sunna for men, and it is an honour for women, but it is not obligatory for them.

    […]

    [Fatawa Raheemiyah Vol: 6 Pg: 261 (Darul Ishaa’at)]

    Imam Ahmad bin Hanbal (…) said: For men it is more strictly required, but for women it is less strictly required. [Al-Mughni by Ibn Qudamah (…)]

    Ml. Mohammad Ashhad bin Said
    Correspondence Iftā Student, Mauritius

    Checked and Approved by:

    Mufti Ebrahim Desai
    Dārul Iftā, Madrasah In῾āmiyyah
    ___p://askimam.org/fatwa/fatwa.php?askid=767cfe4e4c8822436a4c59d2af87d565

    ___tp://ahlu-sunnah.de/foren/archive/index.php/t-4909.html?s=59a2f484c2b6c6d3cfaaa855b8c0eb56

    ::
    ::

    On the misconception of circumcision of women, by Maulvi Muhammad Yusaf Al-Kanadee

    On Circumcision for Women
    According to the Hanafi Madhhab

    […] This is learned from a hadith reported by Abū Dāwūd from the woman Companions ʿĀṭiya al-Anṣārīya, who said,

    إن امرأة كانت تختن فقال لها النبي لا تنهكي فإن ذلك أحظى وأحب إلى البعل .
    A woman used to perform circumcisions so the Prophet k said to her, “Don’t cut too much [of the skin surrounding the clitoris but leave some of it–Mullā ʿAlī al-Qārī] because that will be more pleasing to the woman and more desirable to the husband.

    Mullā ʿAlī al-Qārī mentioned in his commentary on the hadith compilation Mishkāt al-Maṣābīḥ known as Mirqāt al-Maṣābīḥ that the hadith is weak by virtue of an unknown narrator that figures in its chain of narration however he said that al-Ṭabarānī reported it with a rigorously authentic chain of narration as did al-Ḥākim in his al-Mustadrak but with a slightly different wording, اخفضي ولا تنهكي فإنه أنضر للوجه وأحظى عند الزوج / “Circumcise but don’t cut too much for that will be brighter for the face and more pleasing to the husband.” Here follows the text from Mirqāt al-Maṣābīḥ […]

    https://khadijah1431.wordpress.com/2010/09/22/on-the-misconception-of-cirscumcision-of-women-by-maulvi-muhammad-yusaf-al-kanadee/

    ::

    Maulvi Muhammad Yusaf al-Kanadi [ „der Kanadier?“ ]

    ___p://www.peopleofsunnah.com/index.php?option=com_jdownloads&Itemid=55&view=viewcategory&catid=31

    [ Maulvi Muhammed Yusaf al-Kanadi ]
    [ Molwi Muhammad Yusuf al-Kanadi ]
    [ Maulvī Muḥammad Yūsuf ]

    Al-Nadwa Institute, Mississauga, Canada [ Kanada: „der Kanadier“ ]
    Advisory Board:
    Mohammad Iqbal M. Al-Nadvi
    Abdallah Idris Ali
    Jasser Auda
    Hamid Slimi
    Saeed Faizi Nadwi
    Shaykh Salman Al-Husaini Al-Nadwi

    Shaykh Muhammad Yusuf al-Kanadi
    Leading expert in Aqeeda (specializes in Ash’ari theology), Ilm al-Kalam, Mantiq, Usool al-Ilm, Balagha and Hanafi Fiqh.

    http://www.alnadwa.ca/faculty-of-islamic-studies–arabic.html

    Shaykh (Maulvi) Muhammad Yusaf Kanadi (HA)

    ___p://www.central-mosque.com/index.php/taqleed/taqlid-a-the-falsification-of-islamic-history.html

    Maulvi Muhammed Yusaf al-Kanadi

    ___p://www.islamicboard.com/aqeedah/134287410-deciding-madhab.html

    ::
    ::

    “La circuncisión es recomendable para los hombres y algo honorable para las mujeres”. (Musnad Ahmad) […] “Recórtalo, pero no lo cortes, porque esto es mejor para ella y más favorable para el marido”. (Mu`yam al-Tabarani al-Awsat) […]

    Una naración atribuida al Profeta Mahoma aconseja cortar el baZr [ = clitoris! ] (prepucio [eso no es verdad]) del clítoris (“Una mujer acostumbraba a practicar la circuncisión […]“

    http://inter-rev.foroactivo.com/t572-ablacion-del-clitoris-mutilaciones-genitales-a-ninas-en-espana-tambien-lo-hacen

    ::

    “Khifad” or the colloquial “Tahour” for female circumcision, “Gataa el baZr”

    Klicke, um auf Genital_mutilation_of_girls.pdf zuzugreifen

    Le baZr al hâss avait un intérêt non négligeable chez l’enfant qui grandit,

    https://archive.org/stream/LaPsyquiatrieMedievaleParsane/La%20psyquiatrie%20medievale%20parsane_djvu.txt

    ::
    ::
    Der baZr ist die Klitoris. Islam ist FGM

    Islamic Law on Female Circumcision

    […] The deceptive translation by Nuh Hah Mim Keller, made for Western consumption, obscures the Shafi’i law, given by ‚Umdat al-Salik, that circumcision of girls […]

    The Arabic word baZr does not mean „prepuce of the clitoris“, it means the clitoris itself

    http://answering-islam.org/Sharia/fem_circumcision.html

    baẓr

    baẓr (A, pl. buẓūr) : in anatomy, the clitoris. al-K̲h̲afād̲j̲ī […]

    baẓrāʾ (A) : a woman who is affected by clitorism […]

    http://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-2-Glossary-and-Index-of-Terms/bazr-SIM_gi_00549?s.num=226&s.rows=100&s.start=180

    IV 913a
    bazra‘ (A) :
    a woman who is affected by clitorism, or is believed to be so. An uncircumcised woman is called lakhna‘.

    (Encyclopaedia Dictionary Islam Muslim World, etc, Gibb, Kramer)

    https://archive.org/stream/EncyclopaediaDictionaryIslamMuslimWorldEtcGibbKramerScholars.13/13.EncycIslam.NewEdPrepNumLeadOrient.EdEdComCon.BearBianBosDonHein.etc.UndPatIUA..Vol.13.Index.Leid.EJBrill.2004._djvu.txt

    Marital Customs among the Moors
    The Muslims of Sri Lanka, Moors

    female circumcision […] Christian woman whose clitoris had not been excised as a baẓrā, one affected by clitorism (fr.Ar.baẓr. ‚clitoris‘).

    Klicke, um auf marital-customs-among-the-moors.pdf zuzugreifen

    Son of an “uncircumcised” mother (Ibn al-bazrá) is a sore insult.

    http://burtoniana.org/books/1885-Arabian%20Nights/HTML/part54.html

    https://ebooks.adelaide.edu.au/b/burton/richard/b97b/part54.html

    of this called Ibn al-Bazrä‘; in the end, he decided to have his mother circumcised in order to escape satires […] ‚Khafḍ‘, p.913: “In Persia and Kurdistan, travellers mention that it is done between the ages of 9 and 15 (H. Massé, Croyances et coutumes persanes [1938]

    Klicke, um auf DKM081245.pdf zuzugreifen

    CROYANCES ET COUTUMES PERSANES, by the French orientalist Henri Massé (q.v., b. Lunéville, France, 2 March 1886, d. Paris, 9 November 1969), published in 1938, one of the most compre­hensive and reliable texts on general Persian folklore in a Western language.

    http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/croyances-et-coutumes-persanes-by-the-french-orientalist-henri-mass-q

    More specifically, ibn al-lakhna‘ means „son of the uncircumcised woman“ but carries the connotation of sexual promiscuity in the absence of clitoral excision.

    (Jane Dammen McAuliffe: The History of al-Tabari Vol. 28: ‚Abbasid Authority Affirmed)

    https://books.google.de/books?id=yxXuphUYugsC&printsec=frontcover&hl=de#v=onepage&q&f=false

    Arabic لَخْنَا ( laḫnā ), indelicate epithet for woman; Batten Ezr 2:65 cp.

    http://www.ericlevy.com/revel/bdb/bdb/ext/aram85.html

    [ laḫnā ]
    “una ragazza puzzona, deriva da puzza che è il cattivo odore. Si dice: “l’otre puzza” quando il suo odore è cambiato.
    Ama laḫnā‘ min al-laḫan wa-huwa al-natn yuqāl laḫina l-siqā‘ iḏā rīḥu-hu taġayyarat.

    http://dspace.unive.it/bitstream/handle/10579/4790/812448-1156932.pdf?sequence=2

    The editor of the entry on khafd or khifad reports that „a woman is called bazra when she is affected by clitorism . . . and lakhna when she has not been excised“; expressions meaning in effect „son of the uncircumcised woman“ — ibn al-bazra and ibn al-lakhna — are considered injurious and synonymous with „son of a whore,“ the violence of sexual appetite in a woman being considered the result of absence of excision.

    [Between Rites and Rights: Excision in Women’s Experiential Texts and Human Contexts; von: Chantal Zabus; 281]

    https://books.google.de/books?id=UqaaAAAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&hl=de#v=onepage&q&f=false

    ibn al-lakhna‘ (‚son of the uncircumsized woman‚)
    History of al-Tabari Volume XL, The: Index, Band 10 [vgl. Index, 226]

    https://books.google.de/books?id=Loe6jUEGc6QC&printsec=frontcover&hl=de#v=onepage&q&f=false

    O son of an uncircumcised woman (ya ibn al-lakhna), [is there] pardon, when the swords are taking turns on you?
    [Martyrdom in Islam, von: David Cook; 108]

    https://books.google.de/books?id=KgVlKiXzodcC&printsec=frontcover&hl=de#v=onepage&q&f=false

    He said, „Strike this son of a stinking, uncircumcised whore (ibn al-lakhna‘)!“ so the two of them punched him about a hundred times. Then the Caliph said,

    [The History of al-Tabari Vol. 30: The ‚Abbasid Caliphate in Equilibrium; von: Clifford Edmund Bosworth; 209]

    https://books.google.de/books?id=wqf1gwM9O58C&printsec=frontcover&hl=de#v=onepage&q&f=false

  108. Edward von Roy Says:

    .

    Empfehlungen zum Umgang mit Patientinnen nach weiblicher Genitalverstümmelung (female genital mutilation)

    Bundesärztekammer

    Stand: 25.11.2005, ergänzt um Kapitel 10 durch Beschluss des Vorstandes der Bundesärztekammer am 18.01.2013

    Der Vorstand der Bundesärztekammer hat in seiner Sitzung am 25.11.2005 folgende Empfehlung beschlossen: Empfehlungen zum Umgang mit Patientinnen nach weiblicher Genitalverstümmelung (female genital mutilation)

    […]

    Entsprechend hat der 99. Deutsche Ärztetag 1996 in Köln folgende Entschließung zur rituellen Verstümmelung weiblicher Genitalien verabschiedet: „Der 99. Deutsche Ärztetag verurteilt die Beteiligung von Ärzten an der Durchführung jeglicher Form von Beschneidung weiblicher Genitalien und weist darauf hin, dass entsprechend der Generalpflichtenklausel der Berufsordnung für die deutschen Ärzte derartige Praktiken berufsrechtlich zu ahnden sind. In anderen europäischen Staaten (z. B. Norwegen, Dänemark, Frankreich) ist die rituelle Verstümmelung weiblicher Genitalien bereits gesetzlich unter Strafe gestellt.“

    Dies bekräftigte der 100. Deutsche Ärztetag 1997: „Gemäß der Generalpflichtenklausel der Berufsordnung für die deutschen Ärzte ist die Vornahme derartiger Praktiken berufsrechtswidrig. Durch die genitalen Verstümmelungen werden Mädchen und Frauen fundamentale Menschenrechte, wie das Recht auf Leben und Entwicklung sowie das Recht auf physische und psychische Integrität, verweigert.“

    […]

    8) Psychische und soziale Folgen

    Die Genitalverstümmelung hinterlässt meist ein schwerwiegendes unauslöschbares körperliches und seelisches Trauma. Der gesamte Vorgang kann sich tief in das Unterbewusstsein des Mädchens eingraben und die Ursache für Verhaltensstörungen darstellen. Eine weitere schwerwiegende Folge ist der Vertrauensverlust des Mädchens in seine Bezugspersonen. Langfristig können daher diese Frauen unter dem Gefühl des Unvollständigseins, unter Angst, Depressionen, chronischer Reizbarkeit, Frigidität und Partnerschaftskonflikten leiden. Viele durch die Genitalverstümmelung traumatisierte Frauen haben keine Möglichkeiten, ihre Gefühle und Ängste auszudrücken und leiden im Stillen.

    […]

    9) Prävention für die neugeborenen Töchter

    Entsprechend ihrem kulturellem Hintergrund haben die werdenden Mütter mitunter den Wunsch, eine Beschneidung auch bei ihren neugeborenen Töchtern zu veranlassen. Dies ist in jedem Fall zu vermeiden. […]

    Klicke, um auf Empfehlungen_zum_Umgang_mit_Patientinnen_nach_weiblicher_Genitalverstuemmelung.pdf zuzugreifen

  109. Edward von Roy Says:

    .
    .
    .

    Islamführer Tariq Ramadan stellt das intakte weibliche Geschlechtsorgan zur Diskussion

    Genau das war zu erwarten: der faktische Europaführer der Muslimbruderschaft fordert das musliminterne sowie elitäre (schariagelehrige) Debattieren über die Mädchenbeschneidung.

    Auch der rituelle Nadelstich oder der Einschnitt ist Genitalverstümmelung, FGM (hier FGM Typ IV) und weltweit strafbewehrt zu verbieten. Der Schweizer Islamradikale allerdings ruft nicht nach der Nadel, sondern redet über Skalpelle und Scheren.

    Die wie beiläufig aufgeworfene Entscheidung oder jedenfalls Abgrenzung „sowohl Beschneidung als auch Genitalverstümmelung – either excision or FGM“ kann es nur für jemanden geben, der die WHO-Klassifikation zur weiblichen Genitalverstümmelung (FGM d. i. FGM Typ I, II, III, IV) aufsprengen will in einen weiterhin verbotenen und einen anderen, dann straffrei gestellten Teil. Genau das will der Enkel von Hasan al-Banna.

    Wie Meinungsbildung – d. h. jenseitszentrierte Rechtsfindung! – im Islam funktioniert: per Qiyas, Analogieschluss, vor allem aber als Idschma, Übereinstimmung der großen Mehrheit der ranghöchsten Islamgelehrten.

    Zum Zwecke der Integration der islamischen Mädchenbeschneidung ist Abschottung anzuwenden, einmal die der Umma von den Nichtmuslimen, zum anderen haben sich die islamischen Eliten – Scheiche, Muftis – zur Beratung zurückzuziehen. In jedem Fall will Tariq Ramadan die Islamic FGM hinter verschlossenen Türen besprechen, die angeblich irgendwie ergebnisoffene Debatte verlaufe von nun an „intern – internal“.

    Das islamische Ergebnis steht seit mehr als tausend Jahren auch die Mädchen betreffend fest, es muss beschnitten werden oder es muss beschnitten werden dürfen. „Lassen Sie uns die Zeit für die offene innermuslimische Debatte – let us have an open internal debate“, so sagte es Tariq Ramadan ebenfalls am 12.06.2017, soll nur den Anschein von Demokratie erwecken.

    Um Mehrheitsbeschlüsse zum rituellen Verstümmeln jedoch kann es in einem freiheitlichen Rechtsstaat gar nicht gehen. Dieser hat vielmehr die optimale Gesundheit des – jedes! – Individuums zu verteidigen und dessen – erwachsene (über 18 Jahre alt; soweit zum Thema islamischen Kinderehen) sexuelle Selbstbestimmung und dessen ungeminderte sexuelle Potentiale.

    Wir haben das Verbot von JEDER Form der FGM zu erhalten bzw. durchzusetzen, überall auf der Welt.

    Das Geschlechtsorgan des unter 18 Jahre alten Mädchens bleibt absolut unversehrt, da wird, den Bereich der FGM vom Typ I oder Typ II betreffend, um diesen Bereich geht es Tariq Ramadan, weder herausgeschnitten bzw. abgeschnitten (Exzision), und da wird auch nicht, nun im Bereich von FGM Typ IV, die Vulva angeschnitten (ritual nick) oder eingestochen (ritual pinprick).

    Ja Herr Ramadan, Chitan al-inath, FGM ist auch sehr islamisch.

    Nein Herr Ramadan, die Mädchenbeschneidung bekommen Sie nicht.

    Die FGM bleibt verboten, da wird gar nicht erst diskutiert.

    Edward von Roy

    = = = =

    = = = =

    „either excision or FGM“

    „let us have an open internal debate“

    ( Tariq Ramadan )

    [ Hervorhebungen von Edward von Roy ]

    Tariq Ramadan (official)
    12. Juni um 09:59 ·

    WASHINGTON DC : Should shaykh Shaker el-Sayed be fired? Some thoughts around the controversy regarding female excision and female genital mutilation (FGM)…

    CLARIFICATION : I thought it was not needed as I repeated three times in the video that I do not support either excision or FGM. In any way and I have been involved around the world against both practises. I disagree as well with the comments made by Shaykh Shaker about hyper-sexuality. Yet, this was not my point and I made it clear in the video. To say this discussion has no ground within the Islamic tradition is wrong : it has been debated and still is. Even though I am against these practises as I think it is not the right Islamic interpretation, it cannot be denied that it was condoned by some Muslim scholars (even contemporary ones). So let us be clear about it and address the issue the way it should be, in a clear, wise and scholarly manner. My other point was about our reactive way to deal with issue when vicious islamophobic agencies, such as MEMRI, are attacking people and leaders within the Muslim community. This is the time where we should be wise and decide for ourselves how we have to deal with these issues and prioritise our struggles. Instead of exposing people, let us have an open internal debate even if it has to be heated, tough with no compromise. This is where I stand and I hope it is clear enough by now.
    و الله أعلم و أعلى و أحكم

    •••ps://www.facebook.com/official.tariqramadan/videos/vb.390241030990199/1761717267175895/?type=2&theater

    = = = =

    = = = =

    […] the notion that “Islam would never support” FGM was contradicted Monday by an international Islamist leader. Tariq Ramadan posted a video on his Facebook page repeatedly describing the FGM debate as an “internal discussion” the mosque needs to have.

    He opposes the practice. But while female genital mutilation is not mentioned in the Quran, he said, “no one can deny the fact that in the mainstream Islamic tradition … it’s discussed because they are relying on the prophetic traditions, where it’s clearly mentioning the female excision.”

    In a written update added beneath the video, Ramadan emphasized his opposition to female genital mutilation, and repeated that it is rooted in Islamic tradition. “To say this discussion has no ground within the Islamic tradition is wrong: it has been debated and still is. Even though I am against these practises as I think it is not the right Islamic interpretation, it cannot be denied that it was condoned by some Muslim scholars (even contemporary ones),” he wrote. […]

    Ramadan’s comments refute that claim. His word carries significant influence. He is the grandson of Muslim Brotherhood founder Hassan al-Banna. The Global Muslim Brotherhood Daily Watch describes Ramadan as “an independent power center” within the Brotherhood. […]

    It is a reaction indicative of a deeper mindset. In 2003, Ramadan drew criticism when he was unwilling to unequivocally condemn stoning adulterers. Like FGM, he said he was against the practice. But he couldn’t call for its ban. Instead, he called for “a moratorium so that there can be a real debate between Muslims.” […]

    Leaders Try to Squelch Dar al-Hijrah Female Genital Mutilation Debate | IPT News 12.06.2017 | The Counter Jihad Report 15.07.2017

    https://counterjihadreport.com/2017/06/15/leaders-try-to-squelch-dar-al-hijrah-female-genital-mutilation-debate/

    Leaders Try to Squelch Dar al-Hijrah Female Genital Mutilation Debate | IPT News 14.06.2017

    https://www.investigativeproject.org/6275/leaders-try-to-squelch-dar-al-hijrah-female

    The Investigative Project on Terrorism (IPT) is a non-profit research group founded by Steven Emerson in 1995.

    https://www.investigativeproject.org/about.php

    = = = =

    = = = =

    Eine weitere Aussage von Tariq Ramadan, der zugibt, dass die Mädchenbeschneidung (wohl als FGM Typ I oder II), die er keinesfalls Verstümmelung genannt wissen möchte, durchaus auch sehr islamisch ist:

    Tariq Ramadan Defends Female Genital Mutilation: ‚Part of Our Tradition‘ and an ‚Internal Discussion‘ for Muslims Only

    by David M. Swindle • Islamist Watch Blog 14.06.2017 5:43 pm

    Last week Imam Shaker Elsayed of the Dar al-Hijrah Islamic Center in Falls Church, Virginia, was roundly condemned after a video emerged, courtesy of the Middle East Media Research Institute (MEMRI), in which he recommends female genital mutilation to avoid „hypersexuality.“

    Elsayed has since tried to withdraw his comments and apologized, saying „I admit that I should have avoided it. I hereby take it back. And I do apologize to all those who are offended by it.“

    Elsayed’s weak-tea apology has not slowed the loud calls in the Muslim community for the Dar al-Hijrah mosque to fire him. But on Monday, influential Islamist thinker and activist Tariq Ramadan released a 10 minute video on Facebook expressing support for Elsayed staying on. Ramadan stated Muslim leaders who advocate for FGM should be understood as „brothers,“ part of „our community“ and Muslims who disagree should engage them with „internal discussion“ and are instructed „not to expose them.“ Here are some of the highlights from this video.

    .

    .

    First Ramadan starts by framing opposition to FGM as a critique coming from „outside the community“ and stating that he opposes the calls for firing Elsayed:

    „I’m reacting to what I heard and some questions that I had about what happened in Washington with this controversy round a shaykh who was not yet fired – I hope he is not going to be, but he was asked to stop preaching and to stop being active within the community or within the mosque in Washington. And I think that some of the brothers and the sisters even wrote a letter after the controversy around female genital mutilation and excision asking for him to be fired from the mosque and reacting to a video that was posted about what he said in the gathering with Muslim students, men and women. Let me say three things about this because I think this [sic] are critical times and we have to be quite serious about the way we are reacting to controversies and the way we are reacting to some critiques that are coming from outside the community and we have to ask ourselves what we are doing.“

    Next Ramadan makes his argument that because FGM is defended by some Muslim scholars it qualifies as „part of our tradition“ and is therefore worthy of being „promoted“:

    „My position as a Muslim scholar, my position: it’s wrong that we should not promote this because I think that first, it’s not in the Koran and second, it’s part of the Sunnah that we have, and it’s something that is done in African countries, among the Christians and the Muslims and it’s not religious. Having said that, I cannot deny the fact that some scholars at the highest levels of their institutional position are supporting the fact that this is possible that you can go for excision, not to go up to the mutilation and infibulation as it is known in African countries, but we have this in our tradition and it’s part of the internal discussion that we need to have. So to please people who are attacking Islam by saying ‚Oh no, no, no, this is not Islamic. It’s illegal,‘ it’s not even faithful to our tradition. We need to have an internal discussion… So, once again, we have to be serious. Any one of the six months of any basic Islamic training, no one can say it’s not part of our tradition. It’s controversial, it’s discussed… you need to take a position, but you then cannot deny the fact that this is something which is part of our tradition.“

    Then Ramadan shifts to attacking opponents of FGM, decrying them as Islamophobes, attacking MEMRI by name, and criticizing Muslims for wanting „to be perceived as moderate, open-minded“:

    „You need to ask yourself: who are these people who are using videos, putting them and creating controversy? If you are reacting only when Islamophobes – and the people, MEMRI, we know who they are, we know what they want to do, we know in which way they want to make Islam problems, not only in the United States of America but around the world through the translation, distorting and covering in ways that are very specific, they have a very specific objective, they have a very specific way of dealing with scholars, intellectuals, and Islam. These are Islamophobes, and you react to them by just exposing one of your leaders, a shaykh that has been serving the community for more than 30 years and you ask for him to be fired so quickly just to be on the safe side of the political discussion in the United States of America by saying ‚Oh, we have nothing to do with this‘ while your tradition is there and it’s discussed within your tradition and whoever is attacking you at least you have to be cautious with the people who are using this and are putting you in a situation which is yes, problematic, but you have to stand for your rights to have opinions, and at least to have internal discussion and not to react so quickly to these issues… And the last thing that I wanted to say: we disagree. I don’t agree with the statement. I don’t with one brother, I don’t agree with one leader. Can’t we take the time to have an internal discussion? To say ‚Look we are not going to respond to the controversy, we are not going to fire the people just to be on the safe side and to be perceived as moderate, as open-minded.'“

    Ramadan’s concluding comments are perhaps the most revealing [emphasis added]:

    At least we take the time and we let the people know these are internal issues, these are discussions that we want to have among ourselves and it’s not for you to decide when we have to fire somebody or even what are our priorities, because at the end of the day the context is now deciding for us, and people around us are deciding for us what are our priorities, what are the main principle of Islam, and we are not able to come with dignity, with consistency, with confidence and say, ‚Ok, this is who we are, we don’t have all the same opinions, there are discussions, there are internal discussions, we will take our decision, we will have our Shura, our deliberation with it, and it is for us to decide, not for Islamophobes, not for racists, not for people who have political agendas that are now deciding for us… The way you have to be dignified as a Muslim is to rely on him [points upward] to be consistent with yourself and to respect your brothers, not to expose them, not to expose your sisters, even though you disagree, even though you don’t agree. And no double standards, no selective indignation, or selective rejection of some of our brothers because they are exposed outside. And as to our internal business, we talk about it but we let the people, we let the brothers say whatever they want to say.

    This insistence on „no double standards“ is loaded with irony, as double standards are inherent in Ramadan’s worldview. He advocates for one moral standard for his Muslim „brothers“ and „sisters“ to engage in „internal discussion“ and for imams to „say whatever they want to say.“ But for non-Muslims who oppose the barbaric (and illegal) practice of FGM – that makes one a racist and „Islamophobe.“

    http://www.islamist-watch.org/blog/2017/06/tariq-ramadan-defends-female-genital-mutilation

    Islamist Watch | A Project of the Middle East Forum

    http://www.islamist-watch.org/about.php

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  110. vis-à-vis Says:

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    Weibliche Genitalbeschneidung vor Gericht

    von Patricia Baum

    Weibliche Genitalbeschneidung vor Gericht: Die erste Anerkennung von FGC als Asylgrund in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland

    [ Elfenbeinküste – Sierra Leone – Nigeria – Guinea ]

    file:///C:/Users/dell/AppData/Local/Temp/texte28pkt11.pdf

    Patricia Baum:

    Weibliche Genitalbeschneidung vor Gericht: Die erste Anerkennung von FGC als Asylgrund in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland

    https://www.gender.hu-berlin.de/de/publikationen/gender-bulletins/bulletin-texte/texte-28

    file:///C:/Users/dell/AppData/Local/Temp/texte28pkt11-1.pdf

  111. Jacques Auvergne Says:

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    Detroit, Michigan, USA 2017 • Islamic FGM / Islamische weibliche Genitalverstümmelung • Ärztin Dr. Jumana Nagarwala, Internist Dr. Fakhruddin Attar, dessen Ehefrau Farida Attar • zurzeit sechs erwachsene Täter • die derzeit ermittelten sechs Opfer sind vier Mädchen aus Michigan und zwei aus Misnnesota
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    A total of six adults are now facing charges. They’re all members of [Shia muslim Dawoodi Bohra – Shia Islam – Islam]. Authorities say they have identified six victims, four girls from Michigan and two from Minnesota. The charges include „conspiracy to commit female genital mutilation.“

    [ Ob Mädchen oder Junge: Keine Beschneidung unter 18 Jahren ]

    The legal context for groundbreaking female genital mutilation case • by Doug Tribou • Michigan Radio 27.07.2017

    http://michiganradio.org/post/legal-context-groundbreaking-female-genital-mutilation-case

  112. 1+1=2 Says:

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    [ GB – England – Nottingham – Paar bikulturell, er muslimisch.

    Der Sohn – drei Monate alt – wurde bei den Großeltern väterlicherseits beschnitten sprich genitalverstümmelt – heimlich.

    Die entsetzte Mutter informierte dann – richtigerweise – die Polizei.

    Drei Personen sind zeitweise verhaftet worden.

    Die Untersuchungen dauern an. ]
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    The boy was said to have been operated on while on a visit to his paternal grandparents, who are Muslim. […]

    The circumcision took place in July 2013. The mother, who lives in Nottingham, originally called social services, then contacted police on in November 2014. […]

    Mother opened nappy to find three-month-old son had been circumcised | by Leon Watson | The Telegraph 29.06.2017

    http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/06/29/mother-opened-nappy-find-three-month-old-son-had-circumcised/

    ::

    The woman, from Nottingham, said she opened her son’s nappy to find him covered in blood – and was so distraught she had to leave the room.

    She has battled for four years for authorities to take action.

    […] There was an investigation but the force deemed it not to be a criminal matter, and the case was referred to the General Medical Council.

    The mother later got help from the anti-circumcision group Men Do Complain and leading human rights lawyer Saimo Chahal QC, who wrote to Nottinghamshire Police.

    According to the British Medical Association, male circumcision in the UK is generally assumed to be lawful provided there is valid consent.

    „It’s even illegal to dock dogs‘ tails. I’ve come home crying my eyes out thinking a dog has got more rights than my child. […]

    In the years since the circumcision, the mother said her son has suffered from recurring infections, and his penis regularly becomes inflamed and sore.

    „It looks like he’s been half circumcised is the only way to describe it. There’s half the skin, it’s not all the way over. […]

    Mum opened nappy to find son had been circumcised | BBC 29.06.2017

    http://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-nottinghamshire-40420511

  113. Jacques Auvergne Says:

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    [ Wir haben über die Weibliche Genitalverstümmelung, Female genital mutilation zu reden und müssen diese FGM, die auch ein sehr islamisches Problem ist, weltweit überwinden. ]

    .

    Fachtagung „Weibliche Genitalbeschneidung“ am 8. Juli 2017

    Veranstalter

    Ärztekammer Nordrhein
    Diakonie Düsseldorf
    stop mutilation

    Veranstaltungsort | Haus der Ärzteschaft, Tersteegenstraße

    Zertifizierung | Die Veranstaltung ist mit 7 Punkten zertifiziert.

    Weibliche Genitalbeschneidung – eine Herausforderung für Ärztinnen, Ärzte und medizinische Fachkräfte

    Weltweit sind 200 Millionen Frauen und Mädchen an ihren Genitalien beschnitten. Weibliche Genitalbeschneidung wird in 29 afrikanischen Ländern, in einigen Staaten in Südostasien und im Nahen Osten sowie in der russischen Teilrepublik Dagestan praktiziert.

    Workshop 1 | Praxisnahe Versorgung und Umgang mit betroffenen Frauen | Dr. med. Christoph Zerm

    Workshop 2 | Rechtliche Grundlagen – Vertiefung und Praxisbeispiele | Markus Rottmann

    Workshop 3 | Medizinische Hilfe und Prävention in der kinderärztlichen Praxis | Dr. med. Heidemarie Pankow-Culot

    Klicke, um auf flyer-fgm-2017.pdf zuzugreifen

    .

    08.07.2017, 9:30 bis 17:00 Uhr

    Düsseldorf: Weibliche Genitalbeschneidung – medizinische Versorgung und Prävention

    Veranstalter: Ärztekammer Nordrhein, stop mutilation, Diakonie Düsseldorf

    Referentinnen und Referenten

    Jawahir Cumar
    Dr. Christoph Zerm
    Markus Rottmann
    Dr. Heidemarie Pankow-Culot

    Moderation Nadina Schwarzbeck

    http://www.aekno.de/page.asp?pageID=5614

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    Fachtagung in NRW über Genitalverstümmelungen

    Weibliche Genitalverstümmelung female genital mutilation FGM | Experten der Ärztekammer Nordrhein beraten dazu am Samstag (08.07.2017) in Düsseldorf

    Dr. Christoph Zerm: Viele fliehen vor geschlechterbedingter Verfolgung, gerade, wenn sie aus Westafrika kommen und sind schwer traumatisiert. Sie sind nicht nur verstümmelt, sondern wurden teilweise vergewaltigt; oder ihre Väter wollten sie zwangsverheiraten. Oft sind sie schon als kleines Kind beschnitten worden, teilweise ist dann erstmal „nur“ die Klitoris betroffen ist – da können ein paar Millimeter oder die gesamte Klitoris entfernt worden sein, das ist Typ I. Von Typ II sprechen wir, wenn auch die Schamlippen entfernt wurden – auch hier gibt es viele Varianten. Beim Typ III sind die äußeren Genitalien vollkommen entfernt, diese Frauen sind in der Regel bis auf wenige Millimeter zugenäht. Das Wasserlassen dauert jedes Mal 30 bis 40 Minuten und ist sehr schmerzhaft.

    Fachtagung in NRW über Genitalverstümmelungen | von Annika Franck | WDR 08.07.2017

    http://www1.wdr.de/wissen/mensch/beschneidung-maedchen-interview-100.html

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    [Leitfaden für pädagogische Fachkräfte … fünf Jahre alt und stop mutilation, um Rhodah Koross, Jawahir Cumar, Ulla Ohlms, hat ihn immer noch nicht korrigiert.]

    LEITFADEN FÜR PÄDAGOGISCHE FACHKRÄFTE (2012) | Weibliche Genitalbeschneidung: Mädchen unterstützen + schützen

    [Weltweit müssen gesetzliche Verbote der FGM (FGM ist FGM Typ Ia, Ib, IIa, IIb, IIc, III, IV) her, abschreckend strafbewehrt versteht sich.]

    „Es geht darum, nicht durch Verbote und Autorität, sondern durch Fördern von Wissen und Bewusstsein aktive Prävention zu leisten.“ (Dr. Christoph Zerm, Gynäkologe)

    [Zivilisation = Gesetz statt Gewalt! Vom Hexenhammer (Malleus malleficarum) gelangte Deutschland zur Cautio criminalis und ohne das entsprechende Gesetz hätten die USA noch heute ihre Sklaverei.]

    Und sie versuchen es immer wieder. Anatomie ungenügend:

    „Die Beschneidung von Mädchen ist also überhaupt nicht mit der Jungenbeschneidung vergleichbar.“

    [Kein Islam ohne FGM. stop mutilation wirft kräftig Nebel.]

    „Keine der großen Weltreligionen weist in ihren schriftlichen Überlieferungen

    [Islam = Koran und Sunna. Koransure und die Texte der Sunna, d. s. v. a. die Hadithe]

    weibliche Genitalbeschneidung aus.

    [Dem ist nicht so. Was soll das Wunschdenken?]

    FGM wird nicht einmal erwähnt.

    [Einfach eine Hadithsammlung aufschlagen oder zu sunat perempuan (khitan wanita) nachlesen in einem beliebig alten oder druckfrischen Fatwa aus Kuala Lumpur oder Jakarta.]

    Trotzdem hält sich der weit verbreitete Irrtum, die Religion verlange das. Deshalb ist es wichtig, bei Aufklärungskampagnen auch religiöse Führer einzubeziehen.

    [Syedna Mufaddal Saifuddin, den 53. Dai al-Mutlaq der schiitischen Dawudi Bohra vielleicht? Oder MUI, den Rat der Ulama von Indonesien? Das Fatwa Council von Malaysia? Yusuf al-Qaradawi? Tariq Ramadan?]

    Sie sollten den Gläubigen [bittebitte] sagen, dass es keinerlei religiöse Vorschriften dafür gibt.

    [Die islamischen Autoritäten, huch, sagen das Gegenteil.]

    Weibliche Genitalbeschneidung gibt es genauso bei Christen, zum Beispiel in Äthiopien und Eritrea, wie bei Muslimen. Aber nicht in allen muslimischen Ländern wird FGM praktiziert. Gerade in Saudi Arabien, wo sich die heiligen Stätten des Islam befinden, wird FGM nicht durchgeführt.

    [Bitte informiert euch endlich. Auch in Saudi-Arabien beschneiden etwa die Schafiiten, diese leben dort vor allem im al-Hedschas (al-Ḥiǧāz), im Asirgebirge (جبال عسير) und im Küstenstreifen der Tihama (تهامة Tihāma) ihre Mädchen, wie es ihnen islamrechtlich (islamisch) vorgeschrieben ist. Etliche hanbalitische Autoritäten halten Chitan al-inath (chitan al-banat), Islamic FGM, ebenfalls für wadschib, für religionsrechtlich absolut verpflichtend, die übrigen schariagehorsamen Hanbaliten finden die islamische FGM prima.]

    Andererseits findet die grausamste Form von FGM in der Regel dort statt, wo die Bevölkerung überwiegend muslimisch ist (genau, im erwähnten Saudi-Arabien kommen vor: FGM Typ I, FGM Typ II, FGM Typ III).“

    Klicke, um auf leitfaden_fachkraefte.pdf zuzugreifen

    .

    Weibliche Genitalverstümmelung in Saudi-Arabien

    Female genital mutilation is present in Saudi Arabia. FGM is most prevalent in Saudi regions following Shafi’i school within the Sunni sect of Islam, such as Hejaz, Tihamah and Asir. In a clinical study, Alsibiani and Rouzi provide evidence of the practice in Saudi Arabia. Another 2010 report claims post-FGM medical complications are an indicator of widespread prevalence of the practice in Saudi women. A 2012 study finds, that of the Saudi women who had FGM, Type III was more common than Type I or II.

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prevalence_of_female_genital_mutilation_by_country#Middle_East

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    „Cautio criminalis seu de processibus contra Sagas Liber (deutsch Cautio criminalis oder rechtliches Bedenken wegen der Hexenprozesse, wörtlich Rechtlicher Vorbehalt oder Buch über die Prozesse gegen Hexen): Mit diesem lateinischen Werk trat der katholische Dichter und Jesuit Friedrich Spee der Praxis der Hexenprozesse entgegen und trug damit entscheidend zum Ende des Hexenwahns in Deutschland bei. Das Buch wurde 1631 in der Universitätsdruckerei von Petrus Lucius in Rinteln an der Weser gedruckt und erschien zunächst anonym. Eine zweite von Spee tief neu bearbeite Ausgabe erschien im Jahre 1632; sie verschärfte deutlich die Argumentation gegenüber der ersten. 1647 übersetzte Johann Seifert, ein protestantischer Feldprediger im Dienste General Königsmarcks, in Verden die „Cautio Criminalis“ ins Deutsche und widmete das Buch der Königin Christina von Schweden. Dadurch wurde Königin Christina auf die Bemühungen von Hexenverfolgungen des Superintendenten Heinrich Rimphoff aufmerksam und gebot ihm Einhalt.“

    https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cautio_Criminalis

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    „Der 13. Zusatzartikel zur Verfassung der Vereinigten Staaten (englisch The Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution of the United States of America) schaffte die Sklaverei auf dem gesamten Gebiet der Vereinigten Staaten endgültig ab. Er wurde am 31. Januar 1865 vom Kongress verabschiedet und den Bundesstaaten zur Ratifizierung vorgelegt und trat am 18. Dezember 1865 in Kraft.“

    https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/13._Zusatzartikel_zur_Verfassung_der_Vereinigten_Staaten

    .

  114. Jacques Auvergne Says:

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    Circumcision is obligatory upon men and women according to us (i.e. the Shafi’is). (Majmu’ of Imam An-Nawawi 1:164) The circumcision is wajib upon men and women according to the rājih qawl of Shāfiʿī madhhab. In a situation a woman is in her advanced age, it is not permissible to circumcise her if it may harm her (al-Rauḍah of Imam An-Nawawi: 3: 384).
    والله أعلم
    Allah knows best

    Answered by:
    Sidi Abdullah Muḥammad al-Marbūqī al-Shāfiʿī

    Checked by:
    Al-Ustāż Fauzi ibn Abd Rahman

    http://islamqa.org/shafii/shafiifiqh/30239/what-is-the-ruling-on-circumcision-for-women

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    Thomas v. der Osten-Sacken:

    […] Nun wird die Entfernung von Klitorisvorhaut oder Klitoris (zwei Formen sogenannter ‚leichter‘ Verstümmelung, die ebenfalls von der WHO als FGM identifiziert worden sind) in vielen islamisch geprägten Ländern keineswegs als ein ‚sittenwidriger Eingriff‘ angesehen, sondern als religiös und traditionell ebenso bedeutendes Ritual wie die männliche Beschneidung. Die Schafiiten etwa, eine der vier sunnitischen Rechtsschulen, unterscheiden dabei in ihren Rechtsgutachten nicht zwischen den Geschlechtern. […]

    Schon jetzt wehren sich Kleriker im Nahen Osten und Südostasien vehement gegen den Vorwurf, sie propagierten [mit der örtlich sunat perempuan bzw. khitan wanita genannten, im schafiitischen Islam religiös zwingend vorgeschriebenen weiblichen Beschneidung sprich weiblichen Genitalverstümmelung] FGM, also die Verstümmelung weiblicher Genitalien. Ihnen ist egal, dass nachweislich ALLE Formen weiblicher Genitalbeschneidung […] bleibende negative psychische und gesundheitliche Folgen haben.

    [Viele] Menschen- und Frauenrechtsorganisationen […] vertreten bis heute die irrige Annahme, FGM habe mit Religion nichts zu tun. Auch seitens der UN heißt es immer wieder „es keinen Beleg dafür gibt, dass der Islam, das Christentum oder irgendeine andere Religion die FGM verlangt”. Lange Zeit las man sogar, der Islam lehne diese Praxis als „unislamisch“ ab, eine Behauptung, die angesichts einer Fülle von Fatwas aus Indonesien, Malaysia und anderen Ländern, die Beschneidung von Mädchen fordern, als kontrafaktisch abgetan werden muss.

    […] die Richter in Detroit [Michigan, USA: Strafrechtsprozess gegen Dr. Jumana Nagarwala und Eheleute Attar, alle drei Dawudi Bohra, wegen Chatna anglis. khatna, d. i. die schiitische religiös verpflichtende FGM] werden deshalb einige Kopfschmerzen haben, während von ihrem Urteil wohl abhängen wird, wie und ob die „Sunna-Beschneidung“ in Zukunft als schwerwiegende Verletzung der körperlichen Integrität von Mädchen behandelt und deshalb weiter strafbar bleiben wird. […]

    Muslimische Gelehrte behaupten, die [indonesisch: sunat perempuan; arabisch: Chitan al-inath „weibliche Beschneidung“ bzw. Chitan al-banat „Beschneidung der Töchter“ genannte] „Sunnat“-Beschneidung von Mädchen sei keine Genitalverstümmelung (FGM) und müsse aus religiösen Gründen erlaubt bleiben. | von Thomas v. der Osten-Sacken, dem Geschäftsführer der Hilfsorganisation WADI die die Kampagnen gegen Genitalverstümmelung in Kurdistan (www.stopfgmkurdistan) und dem Nahen Osten (www.stopfgmmideast.org) mit initiiert hat. | zuerst auf: ken, Mena-Watch 26.05.2017

    „Beschneidung“ von Mädchen: Ein religiöses Gebot?

    „Beschneidung“ von Mädchen: Ein religiöses Gebot? | von Thomas von der Osten-Sacken | Mena-Exklusiv | mena watch 25.05.2017

    http://www.mena-watch.com/mena-analysen-beitraege/beschneidung-von-maedchen-ein-religioeses-gebot/

    Mena-Watch – Der unabhängige Nahost-Thinktank ist aus der Ende 2011 in Wien ins Leben gerufenen Medienbeobachtungsstelle Naher Osten hervorgegangen. Sie hatte sich zum Ziel gesetzt, mit ihrer Arbeit zur Verbesserung der Qualität der Berichterstattung über den Nahen Osten im Allgemeinen und Israel im Besonderen beizutragen. Zu diesem Zweck verfolgte sie die Berichterstattung in den wichtigsten österreichischen Medien (Print- wie Onlinemedien, Radio, Fernsehen) und versuchte, durch ihre kritischen Einsprüche auf Fehler aufmerksam zu machen, Verzerrungen und Unausgewogenheiten entgegen zu treten sowie Informationen zur Verfügung zu stellen, die in österreichischen Medien sonst kaum Platz fanden.

    http://www.mena-watch.com/ueber-uns/

    STOP FGM Middle East Project by WADI and Hivos collected further evidence, that countries like Oman, Malaysia and Indonesia have a significant high prevalence rate of FGM. […] A differentiation between “tradition”, “culture” and religion does not reflect the reality of arguing about FGM in Asian Muslim countries. As Syarifatul Adibah from Sisters in Islam pointed out, in April 2009, the National Fatwa Council of Malaysia said Female Circumcision is obligatory. She stated that here religion is highly politicized and religion is taught as a dogma – problems the fight against FGM has to cope with.

    Second Middle East & Asia Conference on FGM shows that new strategies are needed | by Stop FGM Middle East 16.05.2014

    https://stopfgmmiddleeast.wordpress.com/2014/05/16/second-middle-east-asia-conference-on-fgm-shows-that-new-strategies-are-needed/

  115. Edward von Roy Says:

    ·

    Lansing – Individuals convicted of mutilating female genitalia or transporting girls to other states for a procedure could face up to 15 years in prison under new laws signed Tuesday by Gov. Rick Snyder.

    The bipartisan 12-bill package builds on federal law, which makes the practice illegal and punishable by up to five years in prison. The tougher new Michigan laws also extend the statute of limitations for victims and allow the state to permanently revoke the health care license of doctors or other medical professionals who perform the procedure. […]

    The state laws – which would apply only to future cases – make it a 15-year felony to knowingly circumcise, cut or stitch up the genitalia of a female under the age of 18. Transporting a person to another state for the procedure could also land a person in prison for up to 15 years.

    New Michigan laws fight female genital mutilation · by Jonathan Oosting, Detroit News Lansing Bureau · The Detroit News 11.07.2017 updated 12.07.2017

    http://www.detroitnews.com/story/news/local/michigan/2017/07/11/snyder-signs-female-genital-mutilation-bill/103609030/

    ·

    U.S. Rep. Dave Trott is proposing to make female genital mutilation a 15-year crime nationwide, matching a tough new Michigan penalty signed into law earlier this month. […]

    Gov. Rick Snyder this month signed a suite of new Michigan laws making it a 15-year felony to knowingly circumcise, cut or stitch up the genitalia of a female under the age of 18. Transporting a person to another state for the procedure could also land a person in prison for up to 15 years. […]

    Trott: Toughen fed penalty on female genital mutilation · by Jonathan Oosting, Detroit News Lansing Bureau Published · The Detroit News 2ß.07.2017

    http://www.detroitnews.com/story/news/politics/2017/07/20/trott-toughen-fed-penalty-female-genital-mutilation/103855718/

  116. Edward von Roy Says:

    .

    [ Juni 7, 2017 um 1:36 am ] [ Romy Klimke: Das heimliche Ritual ]

    Die Istanbul-Konvention – eine verpasste Chance für Frauenrechte

    .

    Noch die geringst invasive Form der weiblichen Beschneidung sprich weiblichen Genitalverstümmelung (FGM), gemäß WHO-Klassifikation FGM Typ I, II, III, IV, muss überall verboten bleiben bzw. verboten werden

    Ob als Ringel und Meyer, Hörnle oder als die Schweizer Theologin und diesjährigen Kirchentagspräsidentin Aus der Au, postmoderne (rechtsstaatsverdrossene) Kinderfeinde versuchen wieder und wieder, die, wie das weibliche Genital, absolut schützenswerte Definition und Kategorisierung der FGM aufzubrechen in einen weiterhin verbotenen und einen dann erlaubten Teil.

    Heute zur Großmeisterin der Äquidistanz Romy Klimke, der die begeisterte Lektüre der Kinderehen-freundlichen und FGM-freundlichen Istanbulkonvention offensichtlich nicht gut bekommen ist; vorher zwei Anmerkungen.

    „Das Erscheinungsbild des Genitalbereichs an die im europäischen Raum üblichen, ästhetischen Normen anzupassen“? Nein, unser – freiheitlich demokratischer – Begriff von körperlicher Unversehrtheit ist eben gerade nicht europäisch oder sonstwie geographisch beschränkt, sondern, nicht anders als unser Begriff der Menschenrechte oder der Wissenschaft, universell, global gültig und durchzusetzen. Das in Deutschland wohnhafte weibliche Kind oder die weibliche Jugendliche benötigt keine europäische Vulva, sondern eine intakte Vulva. Freiheitliche Demokratie, Bürgerrechte sind gerade keine Frage des Kulturkreises, keine „kulturelle Positionierung“, sondern eine Frage des hoffentlich noch funtionierenden oder aber bereits kaputtgegangenen Rechtsstaats.

    Ob Mädchen oder Junge: keine Beschneidung unter achtzehn! Denn das als zweite Bemerkung vorab: in Bezug auf das informierte Einwilligen (informed consent), beim Reden über die klitorale Vorhautbeschneidung (FGM Typ Ia) „des einwilligungsunfähigen Kindes“ haben sich Intaktivisten unzweideutig zur Altersgrenze 18 Jahre zu bekennen. Nun zu Klimke.

    Ass. iur. Romy Klimke ist wissenschaftliche Mitarbeiterin und Doktorandin am Lehrstuhl für Öffentliches Recht, Europarecht und Internationales Wirtschaftsrecht Prof. Dr. Christian Tietje, LL.M. der Juristischen und Wirtschaftswissenschaftlichen Fakultät der Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg.

    „Ein Verstoß gegen den verfassungsrechtlichen Grundsatz der Gleichbehandlung von Mann und Frau ließe sich letztlich nur umgehen, wenn einerseits § 226a StGB mittels teleologischer Reduktion auf Eingriffe, welche in einem nicht-medikalisierten Umfeld stattfinden beschränkt oder andererseits die Entfernung der Klitorisvorhaut aus dem Tatbestand von 226a herausgenommen und unter den Bedingungen des § 1631d ebenfalls legalisiert würde.“

    Romy Klimke (Das heimliche Ritual – Weibliche Genitalverstümmelung in Europa (Zitat siehe Seiten 16-17) | Beiträge zum Europa- und Völkerrecht (Hg. Christian Tietje) Heft 11

    http://tietje.jura.uni-halle.de/sites/default/files/BeitraegeEVR/Heft%2011.pdf

    Klicke, um auf Heft%2011.pdf zuzugreifen

    __

    Romy Klimke ist anatomisch ahnungslos:

    „Wie bereits festgestellt, können jedenfalls die Entfernung der Klitorisvorhaut und die Beschneidung der Vorhaut beim Mann hinsichtlich ihrer Eingriffsintensität als vergleichbar erachtet werden.“

    Die Vorhaut, nicht die Eichel, ist der für leichte Berührung empfindlichste Teil des intakten männlichen Geschlechtsorgans (Sorrells, Snyder, Reiss, Ede, Milos, Wilcox, Van Howe: Fine-touch pressure thresholds in the adult penis).

    Die Vorhaut ist sensibler als die menschlichen Lippen oder Fingerspitzen. Aufgrund ihrer sexuellen Empfindsamkeit spielt das Präputium eine bedeutende Rolle im Sexualleben unbeschnittener Männer und belastet eine jede Vorhautamputation Sexualität, Sexualpartner und Partnerschaft (Frisch, Lindholm, Grønbæk: Male circumcision and sexual function in men and women: a survey-based, cross-sectional study in Denmark).

    Zu den durchweg nachteiligen Auswirkungen jeder medizinisch nicht indizierten männlichen Beschneidung gehört eine lebenslange starke Schädigung der sexuellen Sensitivität, denn die über 73 Meter Nervenfasern und 20.000 überwiegend spezialisierten Nervenendigungen bzw. Tastkörperchen (Meissner-Körperchen, Vater-Pacini-Körperchen, Ruffini-Körperchen und Merkel-Zellen) werden bei der Zirkumzision, die wir endlich männliche Genitalverstümmelung (MGM) nennen sollten, amputiert. Diese spezialisierten Nervenendigungen dienen dazu, auch leichteste Berührungen sowie Feinheiten von Temperatur, Geschwindigkeit bzw. Vibration oder Textur wahrzunehmen und weiterzuleiten.

    Im Vergleich dazu befinden sich auf der Glans penis (Eichel) nur rund 4.000 überwiegend unspezialisierte freie Nervenenden, sogenannte Nozizeptoren, die Schmerzreize aufnehmen und weiterleiten können. Die schmale Zone der Eichel zwischen Corona glandis (Eichelrand) und Sulcus coronarius (Penisfurche), die von Natur aus doch (wenige) Lustrezeptoren enthält, keratinisiert (verhornt) im Laufe der Jahre, was beschnittene Männer als großen Verlust an (restlicher) sexueller Lebensqualität beschreiben und mit Schutzmaßnahmen (vor mechanischer Reibung im Alltag) bzw. mit Restoring (Versuch der Wiederherstellung der Vorhaut) nur begrenzt ausgleichen können.

    Kinderrechtlich bzw. überhaupt menschenrechtlich trauriges Fazit. Durch die Beschneidung werden dem Jungen oder dem Mann ein Großteil der Nervenendigungen des Penis insgesamt und fast alle der besonders empfindlichen niedrigschwelligen spezialisierten Nervenendigungen irreversibel entfernt (amputiert). Die empfindlichsten Regionen des unbeschnittenen Penis sind durch die Beschneidung entfernt (amputiert) worden.

    Anatomisch kundige Mitbürger vergleichen die männliche Beschneidung (MGM) im Hinblick auf die lebenslange sensitive Zerstörung mit einer FGM Typ Ib (teilweise oder gänzliche Amputation der Klitoris) oder FGM Typ II. Daher Schluss mit der Bagatellisierung der Zirkumzision, wie sie etwa durch Fokussierung auf das Nebenthema operative Komplikationen geschieht. Schluss auch mit dem Aushandeln von Altersgrenzen der Einwilligungsfähigkeit (genital autonomy), denn völlig altersgemäß kann auch der männliche Jugendliche die lebenslangen Beschneidungsfolgen für Sexualität und Partnerschaft nicht einschätzen und ist damit schlicht nicht einwilligungsfähig. Der Junge braucht anatomisch faktenbasierte Beratung und bis zum Alter von 18 Jahren ein unversehrtes Geschlechtsorgan (genital intactness).

    __
    __

  117. Adriaan Broekhuizen Says:

    .

    „Schädliche traditionelle und kulturelle Praktiken im internationalen und regionalen Menschenrechtsschutz“

    … anhand von Beispielen wie Zwangsehen oder Genitalverstümmelung?! Wali mudschbir oder Chitan al-inath (sunat perempuan) sind weder als traditionell noch als kulturell zu bezeichnen, sondern als religiös (islamisch).

    Ist die milde Sunna, ist die neunjährige Kindbraut für die preisgekrönte deutsche Betrachterin der „regionalen Menschenrechtsinstrumente“ und insbesondere des „afrikanischen Menschenrechtssystems“ noch schädliche Praktik?

    Es bleibt zu hoffen.

    .
    .

    [ XI oder XII 2016 ]

    Juristin erhält Förderpreis für Forschung mit Genderaspekt

    Romy Klimke, wissenschaftliche Mitarbeiterin im juristischen Bereich, hat für ihr Promotionsprojekt den mit 2.000 Euro dotierten Förderpreis für Forschungsvorhaben mit Genderaspekt in Sachsen-Anhalt erhalten. Der Preis wird vom Ministerium für Justiz und Gleichstellung und der Koordinierungsstelle für Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung vergeben.

    http://newsletter.pr.uni-halle.de/f-Jsreq-d-newsletter.html?id=137

    ::

    Anne-Marie Keding, Ministerin für Justiz und Gleichstellung des Landes Sachsen-Anhalt, verlieh den Förderpreis für Forschungsvorhaben mit Beachtung des Genderaspekts an drei junge Nach­wuchswissenschaftlerinnen. Den ersten Preis erhielt Romy Klimke von der Martin-Luther-U­niversität. Sie untersucht die schädlichen traditionellen und kulturellen Praktiken im internationalen und regionalen Menschenrechtsschutz, anhand von Beispielen wie Zwangsehen oder Geni­talverstümmelung.

    15 Jahre Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung in Sachsen-Anhalt | Petra Sitte Mitglieds des Bundestags (MdB) 02.12.2016

    http://www.petra-sitte.de/2016/12/15-jahre-frauen-und-geschlechterforschung-in-sachsen-anhalt/

    ::

    Förderpreis für Forschungsvorhaben mit Genderaspekt in Sachsen-Anhalt

    Preisverleihung 2016

    Geehrt wurde Romy Klimke von der Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, die ein Projekt zum Thema „Schädliche traditionelle und kulturelle Praktiken im internationalen und regionalen Menschenrechtsschutz“ umsetzen wird, das sich der Aufarbeitung und Auseinandersetzung mit neueren und bislang wenig untersuchten regionalen Menschenrechtsinstrumenten, insbesondere aus dem afrikanischen Menschenrechtssystem, widmet.

    http://www.kffg-sachsen-anhalt.ovgu.de/home/15+Jahre+Koordinierungsstelle/F%C3%B6rderpreis+.html

    ::

    Romy Klimke bewarb sich mit dem Projekt „Schädliche traditionelle und kulturelle Praktiken im internationalen und regionalen Menschenrechtsschutz“, das sich der Aufarbeitung und Auseinandersetzung mit neueren und bislang wenig untersuchten regionalen Menschenrechtsinstrumenten, insbesondere aus dem afrikanischen Menschenrechtssystem, widmet.

    https://mj.sachsen-anhalt.de/themen/landesprogramm-fuer-ein-geschlechtergerechtes-sachsen-anhalt/

    ::

    Zum Ausgleich mache ich z. B. Musik, für mich allein oder mit der Leipziger Band Weltkind, in der ich singe.

    Konferenz junger politischer Frauen | Halle 2017

    Klicke, um auf kjpf_programmheft_draft_03apr2017.pdf zuzugreifen

    Weltkind – Wo wird einst

    http://www.loewenzahn-verlag.com/folk-weltmusik/weltkind-wo-wird-einst.html

    .

  118. Gabi Schmidt Says:

    .

    Female genital mutilation bill dead after Senate vote

    by WGME

    Thursday, 03.08.2017

    AUGUSTA (WGME) – A bill that would make female genital mutilation a crime in Maine is officially dead. (…)

    Earlier Wednesday, a republican lawmaker came up with a change to the bill, and asked for another vote.

    House Democrats insisted it was already dead, but a republican senator tried to bring an amendment to the floor.

    State Senator Joyce Maker’s amendment removed language that made it a crime for a parent or guardian to consent to FGM.

    Instead, the person who actually performed the FGM procedure would be found guilty of a felony crime.

    The change to the bill also directed DHHS to start an education and outreach campaign to communities in the state where the procedure might be practiced.

    Those against the bill said a new state law could isolate immigrants and cause fear, largely because the cutting practice is most often done on girls in Africa and the Middle East.

    The Senate voted against bringing the bill back up for a vote.

    http://wgme.com/news/local/female-genital-mutilation-bill-dead-after-senate-vote

    .

    concerns that the bill could backfire by causing isolation or fear among immigrants

    (Maine House narrowly rejects bill to create crime of ‘female genital mutilation’, By Kevin Miller (Staff Writer), Portland Press Herald 13.06.2017.)

    http://www.pressherald.com/2017/06/13/maine-house-narrowly-rejects-creating-crime-of-female-genital-mutilation/

  119. Jacques Auvergne Says:

    .

    Does Female Genital Mutilation Have Health Benefits? The Problem with Medicalizing Morality

    by Brian D Earp | Quillette 15.08.2017

    Four members of the Dawoodi Bohra sect of Islam living in Detroit, Michigan have recently been indicted on charges of female genital mutilation (FGM). This is the first time the US government has prosecuted an “FGM” case since a federal law was passed in 1996.

    […] Likewise, “Islam looks to other sources to interpret and supplement Koranic teachings.”

    One such source is the Hadith—the sayings of the Prophet Mohammed—which is the other major basis for Islamic law apart from the Koran.

    Both male and female circumcision are mentioned in the Hadith. Based on their reading of the relevant passages, some Muslim authorities state that “circumcision” of both sexes is recommended or even obligatory […]

    Dawoodi Bohra clerics view the practice as religious. […]

    http://quillette.com/2017/08/15/female-genital-mutilation-health-benefits-problem-medicalizing-morality/

    .

    Brian D. Earp: this author wins prize4 most insane misrepresentation of my views ever

    Robert Darby‏ @RobDarbyCanberr

    Robert Darby hat Brian D. Earp retweetet

    #FGM #circumcision Hard to see how @briandavidearp could have made his position any clearer, but try this paper:

    ___p://jme.bmj.com/content/42/3/158

    [ In defence of genital autonomy for children | Brian D Earp ]

    14:44 – 29. Aug. 2017

    ___ps://twitter.com/RobDarbyCanberr/status/902648274464546816

    .

    Brian D. Earp‏ @briandavidearp

    10:00 – 29. Aug. 2017

    this author wins prize4 most insane misrepresentation of my views ever

    .
    .

    10:00 – 29. Aug. 2017 – Hooray! I won the prize! („prize4 most insane misrepresentation of my [Brian D. Earp’s] views ever“)

    .

    Kindeswunsch auf Beschnittenwerden auch für Mädchen bald Gesetz?

    Britischer Medizinethiker fordert das verstaatlichte Befragen des männlichen oder weiblichen Kindes nach dessen baldiger Genitalverstümmelung (MGM oder FGM)

    475. Brian D. Earp und die Chatna (Islamic FGM)

  120. Adriaan Broekhuizen Says:

    .

    „Once the child is Gillick-competent“ – „The son should be permitted to make his own informed decision as to whether to undergo circumcision once he has attained Gillick-competence“

    Der seit 2016 durch Brian D. Earp vertretene, unethische Kurs der Wahl-FGM oder Wunsch-FGM für das Gillick-autonome Mädchen hatte, die (allerdings, rechtlich nicht anders zu behandelnde) Jungenbeschneidung betreffend, seinen wohl frühesten Vordenker bereits 1999 in personam M. D. A. Freeman (A child’s right to circumcision).

    Ein gutes Jahrzehnt später kam die den globalen Intaktivismus leider ziemlich erfolgreich unterwandernde Bewegung der Genitalautonomen:

    Conclusions […] once the child is Gillick-competent

    [Circumcision and Human Rights herausgegeben von George Denniston, Frederick Hodges, Marilyn Fayre Milos, auf Seite 27]

    [Sowie bereits auf Seite 26] [M. Fox and M. Thomson]

    The third positive feature of the Re S case is that Thorpe LJ upholds Baron J’s pragmatic ruling that the son should be permitted to make his own informed decision as to whether to undergo circumcision once he has attained Gillick-competence.

    Genital Autonomy: Protecting Personal Choice

    Herausgeber: George C. Denniston, ‎Frederick M. Hodges, ‎Marilyn Fayre Milos – 2010

    https://books.google.de/books?id=MNRJ0YuLNBUC&printsec=frontcover&hl=de#v=onepage&q&f=false

    ::
    ::

    „The relevance of “Gillick-competence” of the child patient“ – „A right emerging from the international response to FGM—the right of genital autonomy“

    This paper examines reasons given by proponents for circumcision of minors, which include clinical indications, prophylaxis, religion, and culture. It examines the legal authority by which the professional or lay operator performs surgery on a person with that person’s consent. The paper focuses on the capacity of a parent to give valid consent for surgery performed on children, in the context of Tasmanian and Australian Statute and common law, and the fountains of English common law. It considers the relevance of “Gillick-competence” of the child patient and discusses whether a legal response based on notions of residual parental “rights,” of “family rights,” and of “cultural/religious rights” and the paramountcy principle of the child’s best interests are consistent tests by which to protect the rights of the child. These rights issues are routinely absent from the reductionist arguments of proponents. The paper concludes that the only consistent way to challenge the arguments of child circumcision proponents is to insist on the individual rights of the individual child, including rights to choose a religion, rights to protection from cruel treatment and abuse, rights to be consulted in decisions that have permanent effects on the child’s life experience, and a right emerging from the international response to FGM—the right of genital autonomy.

    These Goalposts Don’t Move: Non-Medical Circumcision of Boys in the Tasmanian and Australian Context | by Paul Mason (2010) | Genital Autonomy: pp 39-47 | first online: 20.08.2010

    https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007%2F978-90-481-9446-9_3

    ::
    ::

    Ob Junge oder Mädchen: keine Beschneidung unter 18 Jahren, denn:

    „Minderjährige Mädchen oder Jungen können ihrer Beschneidung nicht rechtswirksam zustimmen, weil sie nicht einwilligungsfähig sind“

    Minderjährige Mädchen oder Jungen können ihrer Beschneidung nicht rechtswirksam zustimmen, weil sie nicht einwilligungsfähig sind

  121. Jacques Auvergne Says:

    __

    The enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of health is one of the fundamental rights of every human being without distinction of race, religion, political belief, economic or social condition.

    Constitution of WHO: principles

    http://www.who.int/about/mission/en/

    Verfassung der WHO von 1946. „Der Besitz des bestmöglichen Gesundheitszustandes bildet eines der Grundrechte jedes menschlichen Wesens, ohne Unterschied der Rasse, der Religion, der politischen Anschauung und der wirtschaftlichen oder sozialen Stellung.“

    __
    __

    Art. 11, Europäische Sozialcharta von 1961. „Jedermann hat das Recht, alle Maßnahmen in Anspruch zu nehmen, die es ihm ermöglichen, sich des besten Gesundheitszustandes zu erfreuen, den er erreichen kann.“

    https://www.haufe.de/arbeitsschutz/arbeitsschutz-office/gesundheit-zusammenfassung_idesk_PI957_LI1604843.html

    (Considering that in the European Social Charter opened for signature in Turin on 18 October 1961)

    European Social Charter (Revised)

    Article 11 – The right to protection of health

    https://rm.coe.int/168007cf93

    __

  122. Ambleside, Windermere Says:

    ::

    Gillick competence

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gillick_competence

    [1985] UKHL 7, [1986] AC 112, [1986] 1 FLR 229

    ::

    Schlicht perfide und kinderfeindlich von den Herrschaften Freeman (1999), Savulescu, Earp (2017), usw., die sogenannte Kompetenz nach Gillick, gemeint war 1985 die verständliche Erlaubnis der sogenannten Pille (zur Verhütung einer Schwangerschaft, ärztlich verabreicht einem Mädchen von 15 oder auch 14 Jahren ohne Wissen der Eltern) jetzt zu übertragen auf den Bereich der Zirkumzision (MGM) oder der weiblichen Genitalverstümmelung (FGM)

    ::

    [ British and Irish Legal Information Institute. Gillick v West Norfolk & Wisbech Area Health Authority, UKHL 7 (17 October 1985) ]

    ::

    The Law Reports (Appeal Cases)
    [1986] AC 112

    [HOUSE OF LORDS]

    GILLICK RESPONDENT AND WEST NORFOLK AND WISBECH AREA HEALTH AUTHORITY FIRST APPELLANTS AND DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND SOCIAL SECURITY SECOND APPELLANTS

    http://www.bailii.org/uk/cases/UKHL/1985/7.html

    ::

    A child’s legal rights: Gillick competency and Fraser guidelines

    […] How are the Fraser Guidelines applied?

    The Fraser guidelines refer to the guidelines set out by Lord Fraser in his judgment of the Gillick case in the House of Lords (1985), which apply specifically to contraceptive advice. Lord Fraser stated that a doctor could proceed to give advice and treatment:

    „provided he is satisfied in the following criteria:

    that the girl (although under the age of 16 years of age) will understand his advice;

    that he cannot persuade her to inform her parents or to allow him to inform the parents that she is seeking contraceptive advice;

    that she is very likely to continue having sexual intercourse with or without contraceptive treatment;

    that unless she receives contraceptive advice or treatment her physical or mental health or both are likely to suffer;

    that her best interests require him to give her contraceptive advice, treatment or both without the parental consent.“ (Gillick v West Norfolk, 1985)

    http://www.bailii.org/uk/cases/UKHL/1985/7.html

  123. Jacques Auvergne Says:

    .

    Dawudi Bohra, die mutigen Anti-FGM-Aktivistinnen von SAHIYO haben einen Gegner. Die als die DBWRF (Dawoodi Bohra Women for Religious Freedom) organisierten weiblichen vehementen Verteidiger der Islamischen Mädchenbeschneidung (FGM) nennen die Chatna (anglisiert khatna) harmlos:

    „WHO and anti-FGM advocates unfairly and incorrectly apply the narratives of extreme procedures to all procedures, including to the harmless Islamic circumcision. The fact that it is harmless is also evidenced by the fact that the vast majority of Bohra women, and the vast majority of Muslim women in Indonesia and Malaysia do not at all feel that circumcision harms them.“

    Die Muslimas von DBWRF (Dawoodi Bohra Women for Religious Freedom) berufen sich auch auf Brian D. Earp:

    „Richard Schweder, Juliet Rogers, Fuambai Ahmadu, Lucrezia Catania, Brian Earp, Sara Johnsdotter, Betinna Sheldon-Duncan“

    You say that female circumcision is harmless, yet there are reports of women who have suffered injury due to the practice. How do you respond to that?

    There are indeed such reports, but whilst we sympathise with anyone who has suffered as a result of circumcision, it is important to realise that the reports are anecdotal and cannot be fully relied upon for a number of reasons. The first is that the most of them are from people who have left the fold and have a vested interest in challenging the mainstream religious community and the practices they have disowned. Secondly, none of the presumed injuries have been independently verified by doctors or psychiatrists and are attributed to circumcision for dubious reasons. Many of these women have led normal lives and can’t even recall being circumcised, but due to the excessive promotion of the narrative that the practice ought to be harmful, they convince themselves that they too must have been injured or traumatised in some way, despite their completely normal lives.

    The other point to make is that WHO has not got a single clinical study to show that Islamic female circumcision, that is a nick, cut or excision of prepuce, leads to any harm whatsoever. WHO and anti-FGM advocates unfairly and incorrectly apply the narratives of extreme procedures to all procedures, including to the harmless Islamic circumcision.

    The fact that it is harmless is also evidenced by the fact that the vast majority of Bohra women, and the vast majority of Muslim women in Indonesia and Malaysia do not at all feel that circumcision harms them. The procedure is as regarded in the same vein as inoculation and ear piercing. That is why they see no difficulty in having their daughters and grand-daughters circumcised.

    Are there any efforts to exclude female circumcision from WHO’s definition of FGM?

    Yes. Eminent sociologists, gynaecologists and academics have asked for a review of WHO’s classification that feeds false information to anti-FGM policies. Richard Schweder, Juliet Rogers, Fuambai Ahmadu, Lucrezia Catania, Brian Earp, Sara Johnsdotter, Betinna Sheldon-Duncan et al, have widely written that the anti-FGM policies are based largely on emotion and not on fact or scientific study, use narratives and labels that give false descriptions to women who choose to practice it, fail to deliver gender parity, fail to be sensitive to cultural norms, and label it patriarchal and abusive without real evidence. Some of them call for certain harmless types of procedures, including the kind of female circumcision practiced by the Bohras to be legalised in line with as male circumcision. In February 2016, two eminent gynaecologists wrote in the Journal of Medical Ethics to call for a reclassification of procedures by their potential for harm rather than by the detail of procedure itself, and allow the less invasive ones (including female circumcision practiced by Bohras) to be legalised. In June 2016, the Economist also promoted the same view.

    https://dbwrf.org/DB/faq

  124. Jacques Auvergne Says:

    _

    Haseena Halfal, 34, of Plymouth, Minnesota

    Zainab Hariyanawala, 31

    […]

    “Their pants and underwear were removed … and Dr. Nagarwala approached with a sharp tool to cut their genitals,” assistant U.S. attorney Sara Woodward said during an earlier court hearing.

    2 moms charged as genital mutilation scandal widens | by Robert Snell | The Detroit News 14.09.2017

    http://www.detroitnews.com/story/news/local/detroit-city/2017/09/14/moms-charged-genital-mutilation-scandal-widens/105608154/

    _

    [ Rechtsanwältin Mary Chartier möchte die FGM („Prozedur“) nicht als FGM benannt wissen … es gehe den Gläubigen um Religion. ]

    Two Mothers Charged As Part Of Detroit Female Genital Mutilation Case | by Amber Randall | The Daily Caller 14.09.2017

    http://dailycaller.com/2017/09/14/two-mothers-charged-as-part-of-detroit-female-genital-mutilation-case/

    _

    FGM is sanctioned by Islamic law: “Circumcision is obligatory (for every male and female) (by cutting off the piece of skin on the glans of the penis of the male, but circumcision of the female is by cutting out the bazr ‘clitoris’ [this is called khufaadh ‘female circumcision’]).” — ‘Umdat al-Salik e4.3, translated by Mark Durie, The Third Choice, p. 64

    And it is widespread in 30 Muslim countries, not just among the Dawoodi Bohras. […]

    Minnesota Muslim moms charged for driving their girls to Detroit for FGM | by Robert Spencer | Jihad Watch 18.09.2017

    https://www.jihadwatch.org/2017/09/minnesota-muslim-moms-charged-for-driving-their-girls-to-detroit-for-fgm

    _

    The Third Choice: Islam, Dhimmitude and Freedom 1st Edition

    by Mark Durie (Author), Bat Ye’or (Foreword)

    The Third Choice provides a compelling introduction to Islam on the basis of its primary sources, the Qur’an and the life of Muhammad. Topics covered include the sharia; interpretation of the Qur’an; abrogation; women’s rights (including female genital mutilation); lawful deception (taqiyya); Muhammad’s responses to opposition; Islamic antisemitism; religious freedom; and prospects for reforming Islam.

    https://books.google.de/books/about/The_Third_Choice.html?id=IPROAQAAIAAJ&redir_esc=y

    _

  125. Edward von Roy Says:

    _

    Nagarwala bald auf Kaution frei. 17 reiche Freunde haben 4,5 Millionen Dollar gestellt

    _

    more than $4.5 million […] The size of the bond, along with other factors, convinced U.S. District Judge Bernard Friedman today to grant bond to Nagarwala

    source · After 5 months in jail, doctor in genital cutting case released on $4.5M bond · by Tresa Baldas, Detroit Free Press · Lansing State Journal 19.09.2017

    http://www.lansingstatejournal.com/story/news/2017/09/19/after-5-months-jail-doctor-free-bond-after-friends-put-u-4-5-million-bond-female-genital-cutting-cas/681265001/

    ___

    10:34 – 19. Sep. 2017 by: Tresa Baldas ( @TBaldas ) | Twitter

    Thanks to rich friends, jailed doctor in Detroit female genital mutilation case freed on $4.5M bond

    https://twitter.com/TBaldas/status/910195295614578690

    ___

    Detroit Free Press

    After 5 months in jail, doctor in genital cutting case released on $4.5M bond

    Tresa Baldas, Detroit Free Press Published 1:08 p.m. ET Sept. 19, 2017 | Updated 8:23 p.m. ET Sept. 19, 2017

    http://www.freep.com/story/news/2017/09/19/after-5-months-jail-doctor-free-bond-after-friends-put-u-4-5-million-bond-female-genital-cutting-cas/681265001/

    __

    17 Unterstützer

    Doctor in genital mutilation case to be released on bond · by Aileen Wingblad · The Oakland Press 19.09.2017

    http://www.theoaklandpress.com/general-news/20170919/doctor-in-genital-mutilation-case-to-be-released-on-bond

  126. STOP paving the way for Islamic FGM Says:

    .

    Kurische Nehrung • Kuršių nerija • Куршская коса

    Lithuania, ausgerechnet Litauen! Das hat uns gerade noch gefehlt. Auch wenn Gordon oder John-Stewart sehr wenig litauisch klingt: global grünes Licht geben für die religiöse (islamische) FGM … ab jetzt auch von Kaunas aus.

    .

    It is commonly assumed that FGC, in all its versions, constitutes a gross violation of the universal human rights of health, physical integrity, and individual autonomy and hence should be abolished. This article, however, suggests a mediating approach according to which one form of FGC, the removal of the clitoris foreskin, can be made compatible with the high demands of universal human rights. The argument presupposes the idea that human rights are not absolutist by nature but can be framed in a meaningful, culturally sensitive way.

    http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/dewb.12173/abstract

    NCBI

    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28922561

    .

    „John-Stewart Gordon“

    Vytautas Magnus University Kaunas
    Faculty of Human Sciences
    Research Cluster for Applied Ethics
    Kaunas
    Lithuania

    https://www.johnstgordon.com/

    .

    Der islamischen weiblichen Genitalverstümmelung (FGM) den Weg bereiten. Paving the way for Islamic FGM. Zu Kaunas im schönen Litauen

    „John-Stewart Gordon“

    Reconciling female genital circumcision with universal human rights

    18.09.2017

    „a mediating approach according to which one form of FGC, the removal of the clitoris foreskin, can be made compatible with the high demands of universal human rights“

    […]

    Correspondence

    John-Stewart Gordon, PhD,

    Vytauto Didziojo Universitetas Humanitariniu mokslu fakultetas – Research Cluster for Applied Ethics, Kaunas 44243 Lithuania.

    http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/dewb.12173/full

    .

    „Ferienwohnung Jonas in Nida. Buchen Sie diese Ferienwohnung für bis zu 4 Personen in der Region Kurische Nehrung!“

    Ferienwohnung Jonas, Kurische Nehrung – Herr John-Stewart Gordon

    ___ps://www.traum-ferienwohnungen.de/97016/

    .

    Kalifat äh Schariagesetz äh gottesfürchtige Mädchenbeschneidung:

    „Der Gastgeber hat keine Stornierungsbedingungen angegeben“

    Achja, das Ferienhaus in bester Lage ist gemeint:

    Kontakt – Herr John-Stewart Gordon

    https://www.traum-ferienwohnungen.de/97016/

    .

  127. Edward von Roy Says:

    .

    Der islamischen FGM NICHT den Weg bereiten. STOP paving the way for Islamic FGM

    .

    Gefunden auf dem Twitter des Wegbereiters der milden Sunna

    Brian D. Earp‏ @briandavidearp

    Sollte die Zirkumzision verboten werden?

    Should male circumcision be banned?

    ___ps://twitter.com/briandavidearp/status/913767328114003969

    .
    .

    Sollte die Zirkumzision verboten werden?

    Should male circumcision be banned?

    von Brian D. Earp am 28.09.2017 veröffentlicht

    .

    ___ps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UClRsOOXg4c

    .

    „Podcast interview for Philosophy 24/7, with permission from David Edmonds. ** Please note that at 3:37 I misspeak: the form of FGM I’m referring to is Type 4, not Type 1. For key papers on the ethics of male, female, and intersex genital cutting, see the ones collected at my webpage:“

    https://oxford.academia.edu/BrianDEarp

  128. Cees van der Duin Says:

    ::

    Wann ist Gerichtsverhandlung? Eventuell ja …
    am 10.10.2017 / 10. Oktober 2017 ?

    10/10/2017 | Tuesday October 10, 2017 ?

    ::

    (…)

    Dr. Jumana Nagarwala of Northville (…) trial Oct. 10 with five others in the nation’s first federal case involving female genital mutilation

    (…)

    Judge keeps doctor jailed in mutilation case | by Robert Snell, The Detroit News 19.07.2017

    http://www.detroitnews.com/story/news/local/detroit-city/2017/07/19/nagarwala-genital-mutilation-case/103828160/

    Doctor in genital mutilation case freed on $4.5M bond

    Nagarwala was scheduled to stand trial Oct. 10

    http://www.detroitnews.com/story/news/local/detroit-city/2017/09/19/doctor-female-genital-mutilation-case-freed-bond/105782924/

    ::

    United States District Court for the Eastern District of Michigan (…) Magistrate judge Elizabeth Stafford | Theodore Levin U.S. Courthouse

    https://www.mied.uscourts.gov/index.cfm?pageFunction=chambers&judgeid=50

    ::

    NOCIRC of Michigan

    And Don’t Cut My Brother Either!

    Genital cutting doesn’t just happen to girls. It happens to boys too, at the rate of 53,000 babies born in Michigan every year! (…)

    Join us AT NOON on Monday April 17th in front of the U.S. District Courthouse in downtown Detroit as the VERY FIRST prosecution in the United States for female genital mutilation gets underway inside. We will be holding signs at the Lafayette Blvd. entrance.
    Dr. Jumana Nagarwala, who is currently in federal custody on charges of genitally mutilating children, will be driven to the downtown Courthouse to face a detention hearing at 1 pm.

    Show up at the Courthouse to help us teach the public and the media that genital mutilation doesn’t just happen to girls! Signs and blood-stained suits will be provided.

    Dr. Nagarwala and others physicians are legally allowed to cut the genitals of boys without any medical necessity, but the slightest cutting of girls‘ genitalia, regardless of religious belief, is a 5-year felony. (Title 18 United States Code paragraph 116). (…)

    Theodore Levin United States Courthouse
    231 W Lafayette Blvd, Detroit, 48226, MI, United States

    https://www.evensi.us/and-dont-cut-my-brother-either-theodore-levin-united-states/207561613

    ::

    “ mied “
    United States District Court — Eastern Michigan District

    https://www.mied.uscourts.gov/

    ::

    04/13/2014 = 13. April 2017
    13.04.2017

    http://www.freep.com/story/news/health/2017/04/13/feds-metro-detroit-girls-may-have-been-mutilated-too/100434608/

    ::

    Acting U.S. Attorney Daniel Lemisch. “The practice has no place in modern society and those who perform FGM on minors will be held accountable under federal law.”

    http://www.windsorsquare.ca/archives/2017/detroit-doctor-arrested-for-performing-female-genital-mutilations/102017

    ::

    Wednesday, April 26, 2017

    Three Indicted for Female Genital Mutilation

    (…) “Female Genital Mutilation has serious implications for the health and well-being of girls and women,” stated Acting United States Attorney Daniel Lemisch. (…)

    The practice of Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) cannot be defended in any context and we will identify and bring those responsible for conducting or participating in this disturbing crime to justice“, said David P. Gelios, Special Agent in Charge, Detroit Division of the FBI.

    https://www.justice.gov/usao-edmi/pr/three-indicted-female-genital-mutilation

    ::

    [ Judge: Bernard A. Friedman ]
    [ April 26, 2017 | Sara D. Woodward ]

    https://www.justice.gov/usao-edmi/press-release/file/960331/download

    ::

  129. Edward von Roy Says:

    __

    Case #: 2:17-cr-20274

    Case Filed: Apr 26, 2017

    26.04.2017 – United States of America v. Nagarwala et al (2:17-cr-20274), Michigan Eastern District Court, Filed: 04/26/2017 –

    https://www.pacermonitor.com/public/case/21271535/United_States_of_America_v_Nagarwala_et_al

    __

    United States of America v. Nagarwala et al

    Criminal Case Michigan Eastern District Court
    Case No. 2:17-cr-20274

    [ Fakhruddin Attar, Farida Attar ]

    https://www.plainsite.org/dockets/354tj7vam/michigan-eastern-district-court/united-states-of-america-v-nagarwala-et-al/

    __

    United States of America v. Nagarwala et al

    Court: Eastern District of Michigan
    Docket number: 2:17-cr-20274
    Date case filed: 2017-04-26

    Assigned to: District Judge Bernard A. Friedman

    https://www.unitedstatescourts.org/federal/mied/319679/

    __

  130. Edward von Roy Says:

    .

    „According to the World Health Organization, FGM is an internationally recognized violation of human rights of girls and women.“

    ( 17-cr-20274 )

    .
    .

    A trial is set for June 2018

    Die zwei Mütter aus Minnesota, Haseena Halfal (34) und Zainab Hariyanawala (31), wurden im Vormonat im Zusammenhang mit weiblicher Genitalverstümmelung (FGM) angeklagt und blieben bei gestellter Kaution frei. Gerichtlichsverhandlung im Juni 2018.

    Die islamische Mädchenbeschneiderin Jumana Nagarwala betreffend betont Anwältin Sara Woodward, dass neben dem Strafprozess um FGM zusätzlich auch eine Sexualstraftat zu verfolgen sei. Für die Bewertung einer Tat als Sexualdelikt, so überzeugt uns Woodward, sei regelmäßig nicht erforderlich, dem Täter den Sachverhalt bzw. auch nur das Tatmotiv der sexuellen Befriedigung gerichtlich nachzuweisen.

    (…) “Among other things, Nagarwala digitally manipulated and penetrated the genitals of young girls with her hands and a cutting instrument to remove portions of their clitorises, clitoral hoods, and/or labia minora,” Assistant U.S. Attorney Sara Woodward wrote.

    “Nagarwala performed the procedure in secret, knowing that it was illegal and medically unnecessary,” the prosecutor added. “The evidence will show that she performed (female genital mutilation) on her victims to limit their sexuality as adults.”

    It is irrelevant whether Nagarwala, of Northville, was sexually gratified by performing the procedure, the prosecutor wrote.

    “Many cases in the state of Michigan and elsewhere involve abusive sexual contact by pediatricians, sports doctors, trainers and the like,” Woodward wrote. “If the government is required to prove gratification, prosecution of these cases would become significantly more difficult.” (…)

    Sex charge should stick in mutilation case, feds say | by Robert Snell | The Detroit News 19.10.2017

    http://www.detroitnews.com/story/news/local/detroit-city/2017/10/19/sex-charge-stick-genital-mutilation-case-feds-say/106793430/

    .

    The names of Farida Arif and Fatema Dahodwala, both from Oakland County, have been added to an indictment which was unsealed Wednesday, June 21. According to the Detroit Free Press, both are mothers accused of subjecting their daughters to the procedure.

    Arif and Dahodwala join Farmington Hills couple Dr. Fakhruddin Attar and Farida Attar, and Northville residents Tahera Shafiq and Dr. Jumana Nagarwala in the indictment.

    http://www.theoaklandpress.com/general-news/20170621/two-more-indicted-in-female-genital-mutilation-case

    Farida Arif and Fatema Dahodwala, both of Oakland County.

    They were charged with female genital mutilation conspiracy and female genital mutilation. Dahodwala also was accused of lying to investigators.

    http://www.detroitnews.com/story/news/local/michigan/2017/06/21/genital-mutilation/103069236/

    .

    D-4 TAHERA SHAFIQ
    D-5 FARIDA ARIF
    D-6 FATEMA DAHODWALA

    https://de.scribd.com/document/354182761/Jumana-Nagarwala-response-to-Prosecution-s-Reply-to-Motion-for-Detention-Revokation

    D-1 JUMANA NAGARWALA
    D-2 FAKHRUDDIN ATTAR
    D-3 FARIDA ATTAR
    D-5 FARIDA ARIF
    D-6 FATEMA DAHODWALA
    D-7 HASEENA HALFAL
    D-8 ZAYNAB HARIYANAWALA

    Minor Victim One (MV-1), a girl, is a resident of Minnesota and was born in 2010.

    Minor Victim Two (MV-2), a girl, is a resident of Minnesota and was born in 2010.

    Minor Victim Three (MV-3), a girl, is a resident of Michigan and was born in 2008.

    Minor Victim Four (MV-4), a girl, is a resident of Michigan and was born in 2009.

    Minor Victim Five (MV-5), a girl, is a resident of Michigan and was born in 2005.

    Minor Victim Six (MV-6), a girl, is a resident of Michigan and was born in 2008.

    .

    According to the World Health Organization, FGM is an internationally recognized violation of human rights of girls and women.

    .

    ( 17-cr-20274 )

    Klicke, um auf indictment-fgm-9-13-17.pdf zuzugreifen

    .

  131. Edward von Roy Says:

    ___

    FGM und Elektronische Aufenthaltsüberwachung (die aktuellen Prozesse um weibliche Genitalverstümmelung (FGM) in den USA)

    Eine elektronische Fußfessel muss Fatema Dahodwala (31) aus West Bloomfield tragen. Das findet sie unbequem und es irritiere ihre Haut, wie sie über ihren Anwalt Brian Legghio bekanntgibt.

    Im Juni war Dahodwala gegen Kaution von $ 10.000 aus dem Gefängnis freigekommen bei der Auflage, ihren indischen Pass abzugeben und eine elektronische Fußfessel zu tragen.

    (tether; GPS ankle tether; an electronic bracelet on her ankle)

    GPS tether bugs me, says mom in genital mutilation case | by Robert Snell, The Detroit News 24.10.2017

    http://www.detroitnews.com/story/news/local/detroit-city/2017/10/24/gps-tether-bugs-says-mom-genital-mutilation-case/106959794/

  132. Edward von Roy Says:

    Chitan al-inath
    sunat perempuan
    Islamic FGM
    weibliche Genitalverstümmelung nach Koran und Sunna

    “ A trial is set for June 2018 “

    .

    Bis zum Prozess unter Auflagen frei bei 4,5 Millionen Dollar Kaution

    17 Freunde haben in Detroit für die größte derartige Kaution in der Geschichte des Gerichts gebürgt. Es soll erreicht werden, dass die Ärztin und islamische Mädchenbeschneiderin nicht flieht – auf dem amerikanischen Flughafen beim Ziel Nairobi, Kenia, ist die US-Amerikanerin bekanntlich verhaftet worden.

    Bis zu ihrem Prozess im Juni 2018 ist Jumana Nagarwala frei – nicht ganz, denn sie lebt die nächsten sieben Monate mit elektronischer Fußfessel sowie von ihrem Vater behütet in einem Hotel. Kontakt zu den Zeugen oder Opfern der Chatna (chitan al-inath) sind ihr untersagt, überwachte Besuche hingegegen erlaubt.

    .

    Doctor at center of mutilation case freed from jail

    by Robert Snell, The Detroit News 21.11.2017

    Detroit — Dr. Jumana Nagarwala, the Northville doctor accused of mutilating the genitalia of “countless” young girls, was released on $4.5 million unsecured bond Tuesday after seven months in jail.

    Nagarwala, 44, was freed after more than a dozen friends came to federal court and pledged to pay the largest unsecured bond in Detroit federal court history if she flees while awaiting a June trial — the first trial nationwide involving female genital mutilation.

    She traded handcuffs and leg shackles for a GPS tether and will live at an undisclosed hotel with her father, who agreed to watch her 24 hours a day and ensure she complies with bond conditions. Nagarwala cannot have contact with witnesses or victims in the case, and is barred from living at home while the state tries to strip her parental rights to two minor children, though she can have supervised visits. (…)

    http://www.detroitnews.com/story/news/local/detroit-city/2017/11/21/doctor-center-genital-mutilation-case-freed-jail/107905028/

    .

  133. Adriaan Broekhuizen Says:

    ::

    FGM in Irland

    Ein Elternpaar, eingewandert aus einem Staat in Ostafrika, er 35, sie 25, waren aufgrund einer im Vorjahr an ihrer Tochter durchgeführten (möglichen) FGM verhaftet worden und sind nun vor Richter Conal Gibbons am Dublin District Court erschienen.

    Zwischendurch schworen sie auf den Koran, sie sind also Muslime und es bleibt abzuwarten, ob sie die (mutmaßlich ausgeführte) Mädchenbeschneidung islamisch begründen werden, was im Islam, zumal in dem im östlichen Afrika vorherrschenden schafiitischen Madhhab, ausgenommen FGM Typ III, religionsrechtlich (religiös) bekanntlich funktioniert.

    Am 16. September 2016 soll das Mädchen in Dublin beschnitten sprich genital verstümmelt worden sein. Offensichtlich streiten die Eltern den Tatvorwurf FGM ab (mutilation, Verstümmelung, so sagte es die Mutter; aber gilt das aus ihrer Sicht auch für female circumcision, weibliche Beschneidung?).

    Nächste Gerichtsverhandlung ist am 1. Februar 2018.

    .

    Couple first in Ireland to be charged with female genital mutilation

    by Tom Tuite | Irish Examiner 21.12.2017

    http://www.irishexaminer.com/breakingnews/ireland/couple-first-in-ireland-to-be-charged-with-female-genital-mutilation-819837.html

    .

    Couple in court charged with female genital mutilation

    Man and woman accused of carrying out procedure at their Dublin home

    by Tom Tuite | The Irish Times 21.12.2017

    https://www.irishtimes.com/news/crime-and-law/courts/district-court/couple-in-court-charged-with-female-genital-mutilation-1.3335361

    ::

    Couple first in ireland to be charged with female genital mutilation

    .

    ::

    Der Prozess wird am 01.02.2018 fortgesetzt.

    https://www.rte.ie/news/courts/2017/1221/929064-court-multilation/

    ::

    2-jähriges Mädchen in Irland beschnitten

    28.09.2016

    ___p://desertflowerfoundation.org/de/news-detail/wahnsinn-2-jaehriges-maedchen-in-irland-beschnitten.html

    ::

    Dashatabernichtsmitdemislamzutun,
    AkiDwA (African Women’s Network, Dublin) desinformiert:

    Protecting religion

    FGM predates all religions and is not an official religious requirement by any religion. However there are some misconceptions around this issue with many people believing it is a requirement for their faith.

    AkiDwA – Akina Dada Wa Africa (AkiDwA, Swahili for sisterhood)

    http://akidwa.ie/why-is-fgm-practised/

    International anti-poverty charity ActionAid and Irish NGO AkiDwA received the funds from the European Union.

    http://www.thejournal.ie/fgm-ireland-convictions-3107152-Jan2017/

    The National Steering Committee (NSC) on FGM, led by migrant network AkiDwA

    Committee member Salome Mbugua, who is president of Akidwa (…) Dr Caroline Munyi of ActionAid

    http://www.newstalk.com/FGM-in-Ireland:-Our-suspicion-is-that-it-happens-underground

    ::

    Auch FORWARD leugnet angestrengt die religiöse (islamische) Pflicht zur FGM etwa der Schafiiten oder Dawoodi Bohra:

    „Es ist wichtig, die die FGM umgebenden Mythen zu entlarven (the myths around FGM), insbesondere die Vorstellung, dass die FGM eine religiöse Verpflichtung (a religious obligation) darstelle. (…) FGM ist kein Erfordernis (not a requirement) irgendeiner Religion.“

    FORWARD (2014)
    FORWARD FGM Lesson Plan

    Klicke, um auf fgm_lesson_plan.pdf zuzugreifen

    .

    Zwar sagen die Ulama in Jakarta oder Kuala Lumpur über das Mädchenbeschneiden das Gegenteil, doch am Bild des friedlichen und insbesondere frauenfreundlichen Islam möchte man so gerne festhalten:

    FGM is not a requirement of any religion

    OSCB – Oxfordshire Safeguarding Children Board

    http://www.oscb.org.uk/themes-tools/fgm/

    ::

  134. Jacques Auvergne Says:

    ختان الإناث
    Chitan al-inath
    ختان البنات
    Chitan al-banat
    Weibliche Beschneidung, d. i. FGM, v. a. auch im Islam
    ·
    ·

    الشيخ عبد الوهاب المليجى
    Abd al-Wahhab al-Maligi
    [ al-Malidschi / el Maliji ]

    „Uns allen bietet die weibliche Beschneidung wirtschaftliche und gesundheitliche Vorteile.“

    Frei nach dem Scheich: ‚Die nichtbeschnittene Frau bekommt verschiedene Krankheiten, deren Heilung, denken wir allein an die Medikamente, sie beträchtliches Geld kostet, dann der Arbeitsausfall, überhaupt der unschätzbar teure Verlust an Lebenskraft, … letztlich ist es auch die Allgemeinheit, die wirtschaftlichen Nachteil erleidet‘ …, so etwa dürfen wir den Schariafreund für heute zusammenfassen.

    الصحة والجمال
    Al Seha Waljamal | am 09.02.2017 veröffentlicht

    ·

    ·

    [ noch bei Abdel-Wahhab al-Malidschi / Abdel-Wahhab El Maliji ]

    _ttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZFVsohV9uJQ

    ·

    Un Clérigo Egipcio de nombre Abd al-Wahhab al-Maligi (Al-Seha wal-Jamal TV (Egipto) – 27 de marzo, 2017) explica las ventajas económicas de realizar una ablasión del clítoris para las mujeres

    „L’excision a des avantages économiques et sanitaires“

    „Uns allen bietet die weibliche Beschneidung wirtschaftliche und gesundheitliche Vorteile.“

    ·

    _ttps://www.facebook.com/memri.org/videos/10155455353744717/

    ·

    .

    ·

    Clip #6092

    Egyptian Cleric: Female Circumcision Has Economic Benefits; Jews Fight It in Keeping with Protocols of the Elders of Zion

    The Middle East Media Research Institute · MEMRI 27.03.2017

    https://www.memri.org/tv/egyptian-cleric-supports-fgm-cites-protocols-elders-zion

    ·
    ·

    The Middle East Media Research Institute Clip No. 6092

    „Are there any economic benefits to female circumcision? Yes! What are the economic benefits of female circumcision? Female circumcision is a preventive medical measure. Someone who is uncircumcised will be afflicted with many serious diseases, which we will discuss later, Allah willing. Someone who contracts one of these diseases must spend money, and the state must spend money on his treatment, and so on. But we can save all this money and direct it elsewhere. So this constitutes preventive medicine.“

    ( Abd al-Wahhab al-Maligi )

    https://www.memri.org/tv/egyptian-cleric-supports-fgm-cites-protocols-elders-zion/transcript

    ·

    الشيخ عبد الوهاب المليجي
    facebook.com hopy246
    “ hopy246 “

    ___ps://www.facebook.com/hopy246/

    ___ps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YaCl3pIWqBw

    ___ps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SBQkul98UXo

  135. Edward von Roy Says:

    .

    Harambee!
    Coat of arms of Kenya

    The coat of arms is supported by a scroll upon which is written the word ‚Harambee‘. In Swahili, Harambee means „pulling together“ or „all for one“.

    .

    .
    .

    Kenia und die Kulturrelativistin und FGM-Vorkämpferin Dr. Tatu Kamau: „Female circumcision is part of our National heritage … no particular culture is superior to another … all cultural beliefs are equally valid“

    .

    Vor fünf Jahren (2013) arbeitete die heutige Mädchenbeschneidungsversteherin für das Ministerium für Gesundheit. Ministry of Public Health and Sanitation, Dr Tatu Kamau

    http://www.afro.who.int/news/world-immunization-week-launched

    Kinder sollen fünf Jahre alt werden – lebendig! Landesweite Kampagne, Kenia 2012.
    National Child Survival Campaign “…Delivering the Child Survival Promise….Get them to 5 And Alive”
    Dr Tatu Kamau of Ministry of Health

    http://www.wvi.org/kenya/article/national-child-survival-campaign-%E2%80%9C%E2%80%A6delivering-child-survival-promise%E2%80%A6get-them-5-and

    .

    „Für uns in Kenia ist die weibliche Beschneidung [d. i. die weibliche Genitalverstümmelung, FGM] ein Teil unseres nationalen Erbes … keine Einzelkultur ist einer anderen überlegen … alle kulturellen Anschauungen sind gleichwertig und gleichviel wert …

    each community has the liberty to practice any culture that is native and relevant to that society, jede ethnische Gruppe hat das Recht, jedwede kulturelle Praxis auszuüben, die in ihr angestammt ist und die sie für relevant erachtet“

    Dr. Tatu Kamau hat Verfassungsbeschwerde eingereicht und beruft sich unter anderem, aus ihrer Sicht leider durchaus konsequent, ausgerechnet auf unsere vielgeliebte Allgemeine Erklärung der Menschenrechte, AEMR (Paris 10. Dezember 1948) sowie auf verschiedene Verfassungsartikel des ostafrikanischen Landes.

    Kamau will (s. Punkt 45) geklärt wissen, ob das kenianische Verbot der FGM verfassungswidrig ist, insbesondere ob es verstößt gegen die Artikel 19 (eigene rasche Übersetzung) Menschenrechte und Grundfreiheiten, 27 Gleichberechtigung und Freiheit vor Diskriminierung, 32 Religionsfreiheit, Glaubensfreiheit, Gewissensfreiheit sowie 44 kulturelles Leben persönlicher Wahl.

    Nächster Verhandlungstermin in elf Tagen, am 17.01.2018.

    Klicke, um auf FGM-PT-NO.-8-OF-2017.pdf zuzugreifen

    .

    MACHAKOS PETITION NO. 8 OF 2017: DR. TATU KAMAU VS. THE HON. ATTORNEY GENERAL AND ANTI-FEMALE GENITAL MUTILATION BOARD

    The petition was filed on the 24th of July, 2017. The Petitioner’s main contention is that female circumcision ought not to be prohibited since it forms part of culture. Also, she contends that the ANTI-FEMALE GENITAL MUTILATION BOARD is not legally constituted.

    FIDA –Kenya filed an application to be enjoined in the matter as an interested party. The matter is now coming up for ruling on the 17th of January, 2018.

    http://fidakenya.org/case-tracker/

    .
    .

    Why doctor wants FGM ban lifted

    by Kamau Muthoni | Standard (Nairobi) 04.01.2018

    The High Court in Machakos will next week determine whether a case filed by doctor Tatu Kamau, who wants female circumcision legalised, will proceed or not. Dr Kamau, who has been practising medicine for 26 years, wants the court (…)

    https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/health/article/2001264973/doctor-fight-to-legalize-fgm

    .
    .

    Wonders never cease to happen! the Kenyan pro FGM doctor

    by Tony Mwebia | #MenENDFGM (@TonyMwebia) 09.11.2017

    (…) Are women their own enemies? (…) The matter will be heard next on 17th January 2018

    Wonders never cease to happen! the Kenyan pro FGM doctor

    Tony Mwebia

    http://tonymwebia.co.ke/author/admin/

    .
    .

    August 2012, Kampagne gegen Kinderserblichkeit in Bezug auf Kinder unter 5 Jahren.
    Acting head at the Ministry’s Department of Family Health Dr Tatu Kamau said they are targeting to improve maternal health and heighten the chances of child survival beyond the age of five.
    Na, dann stoppen Sie doch die FGM, Frau Dr. Kamau, denn bekanntlich gefährdet jede weibliche Beschneidung das Leben auch der werdenden Mutter bzw. des ungeborenen oder gerade geborenen Kindes.

    http://www.nation.co.ke/news/Drive-to-reduce-child-deaths-launched/1056-1490156-11j883i/index.html

    Foto
    August 2012, Kampagne gegen Kindersterblichkeit
    WVK’s Deputy National Director and Dr Tatu Kamau of Ministry of Health and Save the Children’s Country Director Duncan Harvey, flagoff the ‚5 And Alive‘ Campaign Caravan

    .

    .
    .

    Kenya: The Kamba tribe, including its traditions and beliefs; the religion practised; and whether female genital mutilation is practised

    The Kamba people number approximately 2.5 million. They are also referred to as Kikamba, Kekamba, Masaku, Ukamba, Kitui and Mumoni. Their ethnia is Central Bantu, and their main distribution areas are south-central Kenya, Machakos and Kitui Districts. Their languages are Kamba and Swahili. Their religious affiliation is approximately 60 percent Christian, 39 percent traditional religion, and one percent Muslim.

    http://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae6ad3a0.html

    .

    Six women arrested for subjecting seven girls to FGM

    Six women have been arrested in West Pokot for subjecting their seven children to female genital mutilation. … the women were taken to Kapenguria police station and the girls to Kapenguria referral hospital. … “They are facing a jail term of seven years. They will serve as an example to parents who force their girls to undergo the cut. If we don’t take harsh measures, the practice may never come to an end.“

    https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2017/12/08/six-women-arrested-for-subjecting-seven-girls-to-fgm_c1682012

    .

    ‚Death threats‘ keep Baringo leaders from reporting FGM | The Star

    the Pokot community is worst-affected by FGM, cattle rustling and early marriages.

    https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2017/12/07/death-threats-keep-baringo-leaders-from-reporting-fgm_c1680929

    .

    FGM in Kenya: ‚Girls are being paraded openly in the streets‘

    in Kuria (…) Kurian people have one of the highest in Kenya – although it officially comes under Nyanza province, where the rate is about 33%, but this area includes tribes such as the Luo people who do not practise FGM.

    https://www.theguardian.com/society/2016/dec/23/fgm-in-kenya-girls-are-being-paraded-openly-in-the-streets

    Luo initiation rites do not include the circumcision of males or females.

    Raila, circumcision and the Luo

    .
    .

    ‚Mashujaa‘ , Heroes day. A day to honour Kenya’s fallen heroes and all those who sacrificed and gave of themselves for our freedoms.

    .

  136. Adriaan Broekhuizen Says:

    .

    FGM is very Islamic. There is no Islam without FGM.

    Lying herself or lying to us? Soheir Elneil tells us lies about a FGM-free Islam.

    .

    FORWARD’s Chair, Dr Soheir Elneil states:

    „the issues of FGM and Islam“, „FGM is NON-Islamic and is against the teachings of Islam“

    http://forwarduk.org.uk/fgm-and-islam-resource/

    .
    .

    Muslim Council of Britain says female genital mutilation is ‚un-Islamic

    the guardian 23.06.2014

    Dr Soheir Elneil, chair of the African women’s campaign group Forward (…)

    „FGM is non-Islamic and is against the teachings of Islam“

    https://www.theguardian.com/society/2014/jun/23/female-genital-mutilation-muslim-council-britain-unislamic-condemn

  137. Cees van der Duin Says:

    ::

    Kein Islam ohne Chitan al-inath (sunat perempuan, FGM). Sabine Brütting hingegen hat vom Islam so gut wie keine Ahnung und malt uns trotzdem die Kulisse eines menschenfreundlichen und insbesondere frauenfreundlichen Islam.

    „Bei der Scharia handelt sich um ein Rechtssystem des Islams. Übersetzt bedeutet das Wort so viel wie „der Weg“. Bei der Scharia handelt es sich aber nicht um ein Buch – wie zum Beispiel das deutsche Strafgesetzbuch. Vielmehr verbirgt sich hinter Scharia eine Sammlung von Normen, die in einer islamischen Gesellschaft beachtet und erfüllt werden sollen.“

    Brütting, die ein bisschen über die einzige inschallah vor der Hölle rettende und auf Erden totalitäre Gesetzlichkeit („Sammlung von Normen“) plappert, hätte sagen müssen: Die Scharia kollidiert an tausend Stellen mit dem deutschen Grundgesetz, das Islamische Recht ist nicht integrierbar.

    Dass im schafiitischen Fiqh sowie bei den schiitischen Bohra (allen, nicht nur den Dawudi) auch die weibliche Beschneidung (Genitalverstümmelung entsprechend einer FGM Typ I, II oder IV) als religiöse Pflicht zwingend (wadschib) gefordert wird, ist der SWR-Mitarbeiterin offensichtlich nicht bekannt.

    „Ein weiterer Punkt, der für viele Menschen eine Misogynie des Islam zeigen soll, ist die in vielen muslimischen Ländern praktizierte Genitalverstümmelung von Frauen. Hierbei handelt es sich jedoch nicht um eine muslimische Tradition.“

    Fragen und Antworten Was ist die Scharia? | von Islamschönverharmloserin Sabine Brütting, SWR 11.01.2018

    http://faktenfinder.tagesschau.de/inland/scharia-101.html

    Hintergrund: Was ist die Scharia? | Startseite | SWR Aktuell | SWR.de

    https://www.swr.de/swraktuell/hintergrund-was-ist-die-scharia/-/id=396/did=20956626/nid=396/yecbv8/index.html

    ::

    SWR news for refugees
    11. Januar um 02:20 ·
    Sabine Brütting

    „Immer wieder gibt es in Deutschland Diskussionen über das islamische Recht. Die Scharia wird von radikalen Islamisten benutzt, um sich als Polizisten aufzuspielen. Doch was ist die Scharia überhaupt?“

    _ttps://de-de.facebook.com/SWR.news.for.refugees/posts/10156054146699439

    https://de-de.facebook.com/SWR.news.for.refugees/posts/10156054146699439

    2014
    Sabine Brütting
    Urteil Genitalverstümmelung Ägypten.MP3

    https://soundcloud.com/binerle1982/urteil-genitalverstummelung-agyptenmp3

    ::

    02.12.2014

    GenitalverstümmelungMädchen tot, Arzt frei

    In Ägypten wurde der Fall eines Todesopfers vor Gericht verhandelt

    Von Sabine Brütting

    http://www.deutschlandfunkkultur.de/genitalverstuemmelung-maedchen-tot-arzt-frei.979.de.html?dram:article_id=305001

    ::

    Religion, Migration, Gesellschaft
    Fazit SWR Medienforum Migration Mondial vom 10.05.2017

    „Vielfalt als Herausforderung“ – unter diesem Titel fand heute das 15. SWR Medienforum Migration in Stuttgart statt. Alle zwei Jahre wird hier über aktuelle Entwicklungen rund um das Thema Migration diskutiert. Mittlerweile hat sich das Medienforum zu einem echten Fachtreffen etabliert. Sabine Brütting war heute dabei.

    https://www.swr.de/international/swraktuellmondial/religion-migration-gesellschaft-fazit-swr-medienforum-migration/-/id=2900538/did=19523656/nid=2900538/h9txq/index.html

  138. Edward von Roy Says:

    .

    „Denn es ist bereits grundsätzlich nicht Sache des Staates, über die Wertigkeit von Körperteilen zu befinden.“ (…) Die aus Art. 2 Abs. 2 S. 1 GG entspringende staatliche Schutzpflicht bezieht sich auf die körperliche Unversehrtheit insgesamt. Der Staat darf dieses Rechtsgut nicht in erhaltenswerte und nicht erhaltenswerte Körperteile aufspalten.“

    .

    Deutscher Bundestag
    Ausarbeitung
    Wissenschaftliche Dienste
    WD
    WD3 – 3000 – 252/12
    11. September 2012
    11.09.2012

    Verfassungsrechtliche Einschätzung der religiös motivierten Beschneidung bei nicht-einwilligungsfähigen minderjährigen Jungen

    „Durch die bei der Beschneidung erfolgende Amputation der Vorhaut wird die durch Art. 2 Abs. [] S. 1 GG geschützte körperliche Unversehrtheit des Kindes betroffen. Denn die körperliche Unversehrtheit i. S. d. Art. 2 Abs. 2 S. 1 GG umfasst die körperliche Integrität als solche und damit unter anderem den Schutz vor Operationen. Obwohl es sich hierbei zunächst um ein Abwehrrecht des Einzelnen gegen staatliche Maßnahmen handelt, normiert Art. 2 Abs. 2 S. 1 GG nach der Schutzpflichtendoktrin auch objektiv-rechtliche Handlungspflichten des Staates, das Recht auf körperliche Unversehrtheit gegen Eingriffe durch Dritte zu schützen. Auch das grundrechtsunmündige Kind hat als Grundrechtsträger einen Anspruch auf staatlichen Schutz dieses Grundrechts.“

    „Von erheblichem Gewicht für die vorzunehmende Abwägung zwischen Glaubensfreiheit und Elternrecht einerseits und körperlicher Unversehrtheit andererseits ist der Umstand, dass die Beschneidung irreversibel ist. Dies unterscheidet die Beschneidung fundamental von anderen religiösen Handlungen der Eltern in Ausübung ihres Erziehungsrechts oder der Glaubensfreiheit des Kindes, die keine unwiderruflichen Folgen haben.“

    „Entsprechend hat das BVerfG in einer frühen Entscheidung ausgeführt, dass die durch die sorgeberechtigten Eltern veranlasste Kindestaufe deswegen keine belastenden Folgen für das Kind hat, weil das Kind zum Zeitpunkt der Religionsmündigkeit seine Kirchenmitgliedschaft durch Austritt beenden kann. Dies spricht dafür, die Reversibilität einer religiös motivierten Handlung der Eltern an dem Kind als entscheidenden Aspekt anzusehen.“

    „Auch der Umstand, dass die männliche Vorhaut möglicherweise ohne körperliche Funktion ist, begründet kein Zurückstehen der körperlichen Integrität der Jungen. Es mag schon bezweifelt werden, ob die Annahme der Funktionslosigkeit aus urologischer Sicht überhaupt zutrifft. Dies kann aber hier dahinstehen. Denn es ist bereits grundsätzlich nicht Sache des Staates, über die Wertigkeit von Körperteilen zu befinden.

    „Eine solche durch subjektive Empfindungen geprägte Entscheidung kann nur der Inhaber des höchstpersönlichen Rechtsgutes treffen. Die aus Art. 2 Abs. 2 S. 1 GG entspringende staatliche Schutzpflicht bezieht sich auf die körperliche Unversehrtheit insgesamt. Der Staat darf dieses Rechtsgut nicht in erhaltenswerte und nicht erhaltenswerte Körperteile aufspalten.

    „Neuere medizinische und psychologische Erkenntnisse lassen möglich erscheinen, dass die Beschneidung zu andauernden psychotraumatischen Folgen im Hinblick auf den Gewaltaspekt im Eltern-Kind-Verhältnis sowie zu Störungen im Sexual- und Partnerschaftsverhalten bis ins Erwachsenenalter führen kann.“

    „Nach alledem dürfte das Recht des Kindes auf körperliche Unversehrtheit überwiegen und eine Beschränkung des Elternrechts und der Glaubensfreiheit verfassungsrechtlich rechtfertigen. Denn der körperliche Eingriff wäre im Fall der erlaubten Beschneidung irreversibel, während das religiöse Gebot auch noch von dem religionsmündigen Kind befolgt werden kann. Die religiöse Beeinträchtigung ist dann allein zeitlicher Natur und erscheint als im Vergleich zur dauerhaften Beeinträchtigung der körperlichen Unversehrtheit milder.“

    https://sehrgutachten.de/bt/wd3/252-12-verfassungsrechtliche-einschaetzung-der-religioes-motivierten-beschneidung-bei-nicht-einwilligungsfaehigen

    .

    Deutscher Bundestag
    Ausarbeitung
    Wissenschaftliche Dienste
    WD
    3 – 3000 – 212/12
    19. Juli 2012
    19.07.2012

    Religiös motivierte Beschneidung minderjähriger Jungen

    Würden Kinderrechte im Grundgesetz das Recht des Kindes auf körperliche Unversehrtheit anders schützen?

    http://docplayer.org/65175366-Deutscher-bundestag-ausarbeitung.html

    .

  139. International Day of Zero Tolerance for Female Genital Mutilation, 6 February Says:

    .

    Der 6. Februar: Internationaler Tag der Nulltoleranz gegen weibliche Genitalverstümmelung

    Der Tag ist da. Und die Muftis, Scheiche und UNFPA-Mietmäuler lügen uns nach wie vor das Blaue vom Himmel herunter:

    „Is FGM required by certain religions? No religion promotes or condones FGM.“

    http://www.unfpa.org/resources/female-genital-mutilation-fgm-frequently-asked-questions#religions

    ::

    Wie zu befürchten war. Ein Blick zu den Vereinten Nationen, UN:

    5 February 2018 – Speaking a day ahead of the International Day of Zero Tolerance to Female Genital Mutilation, the United Nations youth envoy people underscored that the ghastly practice is an aversion to the human rights of millions and keeps them from achieving their full potential.

    “This is not acceptable and this is done in the name of tradition, culture, religion or in the name of ensuring that women are to take on subservient roles to the men they will eventually marry,” said Jayathma Wickramanayake, the Secretary-General’s Envoy on Youth, speaking at an international forum in the Gambia on strategies to combat the practice.

    “This is not acceptable in the 21st century.”

    http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=58535

    ::

    Twitter
    Jayathma Wickramanayake [ ca. 27 Jahre jung, aus Sri Lanka ]

    – was ebenfalls zu befürchten war: man bringt das Thema FGM jetzt ein in die postmodern-poststrukturelle Babbel-Zone der endgültigen Äquidistanz einer der hippen Balkonparty oder mondänen Gartenparty. In den Jungerwachsenen- oder gar Jugendbereich. Jeder junge Mensch darf noch ein wenig plappern über Islam hier und FGM da. Ganz nach dem Motto. „Da kann ich auch nix zu sagen, aber schön, dass wir mal drüber geredet haben.“

    _ttps://twitter.com/jayathmadw?lang=de

    https://twitter.com/jayathmadw?lang=de

    .

    Ms Wickramanayake was chosen for the position by United Nations Secretary-General António Guterres, and will succeed Ahmad Alhendawi of Jordan.

    Jayathma Wickramanayake welcomed as new UN Envoy on Youth | 22.06.2017

    http://restlessdevelopment.org/news/2017/06/22/restless

    .

    Sri Lanka | Jayathma Wickramanayake, aged 21, is Sri Lanka’s young delegate at the General Assembly 2012.

    https://www.un.org/development/desa/youth/youth-delegates-at-the-67th-ga-session.html

    ::

    Das war schlimm, was gbt es heute morgen denn noch an Credo (Bekenntnis) zur Nulltoleranz (zero tolerance) gegenüber jeglicher Form weiblicher Genitalverstümmelung (FGM Typ I, II, III, IV).

    ::

    An important step towards calling for legislation to end the practice of #khatna / #FGM in India

    … sagt jemand, thank you very much, per Twitter und linkt zu einer gewissen Mridula Chari, man wird neugierig:

    Reminder to government: New study confirms widespread female genital cutting among Bohra Muslims | The most comprehensive study yet highlights the stories of those who have survived the practice. […] Some supporters of khafd say it has its roots in Islamic scriptures, apart from being recommended by the Bohra spiritual leader the Syedna

    – keine Zeit oder keine Lust gehabt zu recherchieren, hm? Der Syedna hat recht, leider, die islamische Theologie – auch der sunnitischen Schafiiten – gibt nichts anderes her als die Beschneidung aller Jungen und Mädchen.

    The authors note that in Saudia Arabia, only Sulaymani Ismailis, who form 10% to 15% of the population, are known to practice this cutting and that they are concentrated in the southern parts of the country near Yemen.

    So ein Unsinn, was Mridula Chari (gestern, am 05.02.2018) schreibt: in allen Landesteilen Saudi-Arabiens werden Mädchen beschnitten, eben auch sunnitisch-hanbalitisch – und entlang der Küste des Roten Meeres sowieso. Die Tihama (Tihāma) wie durchaus der Hedschas (Ḥiǧāz) ist das Land des islamischen Rechts (Fiqh) nach Imam al-Schafii (Madhhab der Schafiiten), und den Schafiiten ist die Mädchenbeschneidung wadschib, farD.

    https://scroll.in/article/867572/reminder-to-government-new-study-confirms-widespread-female-genital-cutting-among-bohra-muslims

    ::

    „Dazu gilt es vor allem, Mädchen und Frauen gleiche Rechte einzuräumen wie Männern und Jungen“

    donnert allen Ernstes Renate Bähr, Geschäftsführerin für die Deutsche Stiftung Weltbevölkerung (DSW) – damit müsste sie jetzt vin der deutschen Bundesregierung eigentlich die Legalisierung (im Sinne von Straffreistellung) der FGM Typ I und Typ IV fordern. Denn Jungen dürfen seit dem 12.12.2012 durch den verfassungswidrigen § 1631d BGB beschnitten d. i. genital verstümmelt werden.

    https://www.dsw.org/rund-200-millionen-maedchen-und-junge-frauen-sind-genital-verstuemmelt/

    DSW zur FGM wie zur humanen Anatomie eher kenntnislos:

    „Bei der Genitalverstümmelung, die oft als wichtiges Übergangsritual vom Mädchen zur Frau gilt, wird die Klitoris teilweise oder vollständig entfernt“

    – das ist falsch, es gibt auch FGM Typ Ia oder

    “ Typ IIa “

    https://dgpfg.de/blog/gyne-012017-weibliche-genitalverstuemmelung-gesundheitliche-folgen/

    – nein, wir wollen und werden aber auch nicht mal einen Einschnitt oder Nadelstich tolerieren – jeweils zu FGM Typ IV – Renate Bähr!

    https://www.dsw.org/rund-200-millionen-maedchen-und-junge-frauen-sind-genital-verstuemmelt/

    ::

    Ok, kein Islam ohne FGM, aber es gibt auch Mädchenbeschneidung außerhalb des Islam. Kenia, Ärztin Tatu Kamau:

    „Die weibliche Beschneidung gehört zu unserem kulturellen Erbe. Wenn wir sie verbieten, verneinen wir unsere afrikanischen Wurzeln.“ Mädchen oder Frauen sollten selbst entscheiden können, was mit ihrem Körper geschieht, wenn sie alt genug dafür seien, so ihre Argumentation. Am 26. Februar soll ihre Klage angehört werden.

    Von Friederike Müller-Jung | Zäher Kampf gegen Beschneidung in Afrika | DW | 05.02.2018

    http://www.dw.com/de/z%C3%A4her-kampf-gegen-beschneidung-in-afrika/a-42461691

    .

    2018. Der Islam fordert seit 1000 oder 1400 Jahren mindestens die Möglichkeit der Mädchenbeschneidung, wenn nicht sogar, schiitisch-bohra sowie sunnitisch-schafiitisch, die religionsrechtlch verpflichtende FGM. Siehe Strafprozess Jumana Nagarwala, Detroit, Michigan, USA. Indessen darf – arbeitsteilig – Tatu Kamau für ganz viel afrikanisches Mädchenbeschneiden kämpfen. Das wird die Scharia als ausgewogen erscheinen lassen, mittig (wasatiyya), moderat. Und darum geht es der globalen Schariafront.

    .

  140. Adriaan Broekhuizen Says:

    .

    Press Release, 06.02.2018

    COMECE President expresses deep concern about criminalisation of circumcision [ Na ihr Katholiken, denkt ihr an die Chatna der schiitischen Bohra und den Chitan al-inath, indonesisch sunat perempuan, der schafiitischen Sunniten? ]

    COMECE President Cardinal Reinhard Marx reacts to the ban on the circumcision on boys proposed in Iceland by members of the Parliament from five different political parties. “The proposed bill is a dangerous attack on freedom of religion”, states the Cardinal, urging the EU institutions to take action in order to prevent such a threat to fundamental rights.

    http://www.comece.eu/comece-president-expresses-deep-concern-about-criminalisation-of-circumcision

    .

    Kardinal Marx zum Beschneidungsverbot in Island: „Bedrohung der Grundrechte“

    Der Präsident der EU-Bischofskommission COMECE, Kardinal Reinhard Marx, kritisiert das in Island vorgeschlagene Verbot der Beschneidung von Jungen. Der Gesetzentwurf sei „ein gefährlicher Angriff auf die Religionsfreiheit“, betonte er. Marx forderte in einer am Dienstagabend in Brüssel veröffentlichten Erklärung zugleich die EU-Institutionen auf, diese „Bedrohung der Grundrechte“ zu verhindern. Der von Parlamentsmitgliedern von fünf verschiedenen politischen Parteien vorgelegte Gesetzentwurf sieht eine Freiheitsstrafe von bis zu sechs Jahren für Personen vor, die einem Kind einen körperlichen Schaden oder eine sonstige gesundheitliche Beeinträchtigung durch „das ganzheitliche oder teilweise Entfernen von Sexualorganen“ zufügt. „Die Gesundheit von Kindern zu schützen, ist ein legitimes Ziel einer jeden Gesellschaft“, so Marx weiter. Aber in diesem Fall würden die Bedenken „ohne jegliche wissenschaftliche Grundlage instrumentalisiert, um bestimmte Religionsgemeinschaften zu stigmatisieren“. Dies sei „sehr besorgniserregend“, erklärte der Kardinal und bekundete zugleich seine Solidarität gegenüber Vertretern der jüdischen und islamischen Gemeinschaften.

    Tiefe Besorgnis

    Wörtlich erklärte er weiter: „COMECE betrachtet jeden Angriff auf das Grundrecht der Religionsfreiheit als inakzeptabel. Die Kriminalisierung der Beschneidung ist eine sehr schwerwiegende Maßnahme, die tiefe Besorgnis hervorruft.“ Obwohl Island nicht Teil der EU ist, führt es privilegierte Beziehungen mit der Staatengemeinschaft, zu der auch der Respekt gegenüber einigen Prinzipien und Verpflichtungen gehört.

    https://www.domradio.de/themen/ethik-und-moral/2018-02-07/kardinal-marx-kritisiert-geplantes-beschneidungsverbot-island

  141. Jacques Auvergne Says:

    .

    International Day of Zero Tolerance for Female Genital Mutilation, 6 February

    bpb Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung. Wie es zu befürchte war.

    bpb 2018.

    “ Die WHO definiert die weibliche Genitalverstümmelung als „jede teilweise oder totale Entfernung oder sonstige Verletzung der äußeren weiblichen Geschlechtsorgane aus nicht medizinischen Gründen.“ Es gibt verschiedene Formen von FGM/FGC, die je nach Land und Region ab dem Säuglingsalter bis ungefähr zum 14. Lebensjahr durchgeführt werden. Aber „auch Frauen, die kurz vor der Eheschließung stehen, sind generell gefährdet“, sagt Idah Nabateregga, Referentin für weibliche Genitalverstümmelung bei „Terres des Femmes“ in Berlin. “

    Kann oder will Idah Nabateregga denn nicht sagen, dass der schiitische Islam der Bohra (aller, nicht nur der Dawudi Bohra) und vor allem der schafiitische sunnitische Islam die Beschneidung aller Mädchen als religionsrechtlich (islamisch) verpflichtend fordert?

    Alarmierend: die bpb stellt 2018 die FGM falsch dar, dazu als Exkurs:

    WHO

    Classification of female genital mutilation

    http://www.who.int/reproductivehealth/topics/fgm/overview/en/

    __

    bpb ( 2018 )

    “ Typ I: Klitoridektomie: Die „mildeste“ Form der Genitalverstümmelung ist die Klitorisbeschneidung. Hier wird den Mädchen die Klitoris teilweise oder vollständig entfernt. “

    – warum beschränkt sich die bpb auf FGM Typ Ib und unterschlägt FGM Typ Ia Klitorisvorhaut(teil)amputation? Das ist eine Möglichkeit sogenannter milder Sunna (die Scharia – die Sunnabeschneidung der Jungen und Mädchen – zielt auf FGM Typ Ib).

    “ Typ II: Exzision: Bei der Exzision werden zusätzlich zur Klitoris die inneren Schamlippen entfernt. Die äußeren Schamlippen bleiben dabei unverletzt und die Vagina wird nicht verschlossen. Wieviel entfernt wird, hängt auch von den Gebräuchen in der jeweiligen Gemeinde ab, davon wie gut die Sehfähigkeit der Beschneiderin ist und wie stark sich das Mädchen gegen die Beschneidung wehrt. “

    – warum unterschlägt die bpb die FGM Typ IIa („Type IIa, removal of the labia minora only“)? Dazu (muslimische Schamlippenbeschneidung) redete Kirchentagspräsidentin Aus der Au in Berlin.

    – warum zeigt die Weltkarte jedenfalls Landkarte nicht den Iran, warum fehlt die Saudi-Arabien, warum fehlen Indonesien und Malaysia? Das im Kleingedruckten zu lesende Gemurmel („auch in einigen Ländern Asiens“) reicht nicht. Warum gibt es zu Religion, religiös keine Treffer, warum keine zu Islam, islamisch?

    Die frauenfeindliche und überhaupt erkenntnisfeindliche sogenannte Quelle:

    Von bpb Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung | 6. Februar: Internationaler Tag gegen weibliche Genitalverstümmelung | bpb | 06.02.2018

    https://www.bpb.de/politik/hintergrund-aktuell/263832/tag-gegen-weibliche-genitalverstuemmelung

  142. Edward von Roy Says:

    .

    STOP FGM

    لا لا ختان الإناث · Lā, lā lil-ḫitān al-ināṯ

    .

    .

    Islamic Cultural Centre of Ireland (ICCI; Islamisches Kulturzentrum von Irland, irisch Ionad Cultúrtha Ioslamach na hÉireann) fordert die Chatna bzw. den Chitan al-inath, die islamische FGM (indonesisch sunat perempuan). Der Europäische Rat für Fatwa und Forschung (ECFR) hat am ICCI seinen Sitz. Der Imam des ICCI, Scheich Hussein Mohammed Halawa, ist der Generalsekretär des ECFR.

    .

    Irland 2018, prominenter Freund der Scharia fordert die Straffreistellung der medikalisierten sowie irgendwie medizinisch „erforderlichen“ weiblichen Beschneidung

    .

    Dr. Ali Selim vom Islamic Cultural Centre of Ireland will die Mädchenbeschneidung – wir sagen: FGM – so bewertet wissen wie die Jungenbeschneidung. Ein Arzt, geht es nach Dr. Ali Selim, soll entscheiden dürfen, ob das Mädchen eine Beschneidung „benötigt“, dann soll das Mädchen unbedingt beschnitten werden (wir sagen: genital verstümmelt).

    Der gottesfürchtige Muslim vom Islamic Cultural Centre of Ireland:

    „Es ist gar nicht so, als ob ich ein Verfechter der weiblichen Genitalverstümmelung wäre, vielmehr bin ich ein Verfechter der weiblichen Beschneidung.“

    Der uns aus Malaysia (JAKIM) und Indonesien (MUI) bekannte Trick, zu sagen, circumcision sei keine mutilation.

    Was für ein billiger Versuch – jede Mädchenbeschneidung ist FGM, auch die geringst invasive.

    „Die Beschneidung muss dann nurch einen Arzt durchgeführt werden, in sicherer (gemeint ist vermutlich z. B. steriler) Umgebung.“, sagte Dr. Ali Selim gegenüber RTÉ’s Prime Time.

    Selbstredend ist die FGM obligatorisch – mindestens den (sunnitischen) Schafiiten sowie den (schiitischen) Bohra.

    „Die Religion sagt: sie (die Mädchenbeschneidung) muss nicht praktiziert werden (allenfalls z. B. hanbalitisch stimmt das, schafiitisch nicht und Selim weiß das), doch unsere Religion sagt auch: So fragt (um Rat, Anm.) die Leute mit Wissen.“

    Leider nicht mit echtem (wissenschaftlichem) Wissen, sondern selbstredend mit Islamischem Wissen („Medizin“ nach Koran und Sunna). Die islamisch Wissenden sind die Ulama (Sg. Alim) oder die Muftis oder Scheiche, bei den Dawoodi Bohra ist das der Syedna.

    By Aine McMahon | Leading Muslim figure Ali Selim backs female circumcision | The Irish Times | 08.02.2018 / „about 21 hours ago“

    https://www.irishtimes.com/news/social-affairs/leading-muslim-figure-ali-selim-backs-female-circumcision-1.3385891

    __

    Islamic Cultural Centre of Ireland

    Das Islamic Cultural Centre of Ireland (ICCI; Islamisches Kulturzentrum von Irland, irisch Ionad Cultúrtha Ioslamach na hÉireann) mit seiner Moschee befindet sich in Clonskeagh, einer Vorstadt von Dublin, Irland. Sein Direktor ist Nooh Al-Kaddo (geb. 1953 in Mossul, Irak), der 1997 von Liverpool nach Dublin zog, um das Islamische Zentrum zu führen. Der Irish Times zufolge verfügt das Zentrum über 20 Mitarbeiter, meist arabischer Herkunft, die Vollzeit-Mitarbeiter der al-Maktoum-Stiftung sind. Die Stiftung ist nach Muhammad bin Raschid Al Maktum benannt, dem Herrscher des Emirats Dubai, der bei der offiziellen Eröffnung des Kulturzentrums am 16. November 1996 gemeinsam mit Präsidentin Mary Robinson anwesend war. Der Hauptsitz der Internationalen Union Muslimischer Gelehrter unter Scheich Yusuf al-Qaradawi befand sich vor seinem Umzug nach Katar am ICCI. Der European Council for Fatwa and Research (ECFR) hat hier seinen Sitz. Der Imam des ICCI, Scheich Hussein Mohammed Halawa, ist der Generalsekretär des ECFR.

    https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_Cultural_Centre_of_Ireland

    .

    .

    Weg mit der Scharia aus allen Staatsverfassungen und Paragraphen …

    … und STOP FGM

    .

    لا الختان البنات · Lā l-ḫitān al-banāt

    .

  143. Cees van der Duin Says:

    علي سليم
    Ali Selim – Al-Azhar absolviert 1993 – seit 1999 in Irland

    ___p://www.islamireland.ie/news/arabic-leaving-certificate-course-2016-2017/

    علي سليم
    • Ali Selim, Secretary General of the ICCI – Islamic Cultural Centre of Ireland, Clonskeagh Dublin;
    • Ali Selim the spokesperson of the MB (Muslim Brotherhood) dominated Islamic Cultural Centre in Ireland (ICCI) at Clonskeagh;
    • Ali Selim, general secretary of the Irish Council of Imams, is linked to the Clonskeagh mosque;
    • Ali Selim came to Ireland from Egypt in 1999 and studied at Trinity College Dublin;
    • In 2003 on the Late Late Show, Ali Selim apparently declined to condemn 9/11: „This is another political issue I do not want to touch.“;
    • see: The Irish Council of Imams

    __
    __

    Irish Council of Imams

    The Irish Council of Imams is an umbrella organization for most Islamic establishments in Ireland. Its formation was announced in a press release on September 15, 2006. It represents 35 imams in Ireland, of both the Sunni and Shia denominations, but excludes Ahmadiyya. The chairman is Imam Hussein Halawa (Islamic Cultural Centre of Ireland), the deputy chairman is Imam Yahya al-Hussein (Islamic Foundation of Ireland), and the general secretary is Belkacem Belfedhal. The Council consists of representatives from Cork, Galway, Limerick, Waterford, Meath, and Dublin mosques.

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish_Council_of_Imams

    ::

    Neuer Kopftuchstreit in Irland

    kna 15.09.2014

    Dublin (KNA) In Irland ist ein erneuter Streit über muslimische Kopftücher an Schulen entbrannt. Laut einem Bericht der Sonntagszeitung „Sunday Independent“ hat der Dubliner Islamwissenschaftler Ali Selim katholische Schulen aufgefordert, muslimischen Schülerinnen das Tragen des sogenannten Hidschab zu erlauben und deren „religiöse Identität“ zu respektieren. Es handle sich bei dem Kleidungsstück um eine „göttliche Verpflichtung“. (…) Selim machte die Äußerungen bei der Vorstellung seines neuen Buches „Islam and Education in Ireland“ („Islam und Erziehung in Irland“).

    hier bei: CIBEDO

    http://archiv.cibedo.de/dekha_ibrahim200000684286.html

    ::

    Dr. Ali Selim BA (Hons) Faculty of languages and translation Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt, 1993, MSc Irish School of Ecumenics, Trinity College, Dublin

    http://www.ashfieldcollege.ie/wp2/study-arabic-ashfield-college/

    ::

    Wenn die Mehrheit das wünscht, soll religiöses Recht über säkulares Recht gestellt werden, sagte Selim (2006) | „Mr. Selim said in 2006 that religious law should be imposed over secular law if that was wished by the majority.“

    GMBDW – The Global Muslim Brotherhood Daily Watch | Irish Muslim Brotherhood Figure Calls For Radical Changes In Irish Educational System, Ali Selim Has History Of Controversial Statements | 11.09.2014

    Irish Muslim Brotherhood Figure Calls For Radical Changes In Irish Educational System, Ali Selim Has History Of Controversial Statements

    ::

  144. Jacques Auvergne Says:

    ·

    Nur noch M (mutilation, female genital mutilation) sei schlimm, „C“ („female genital circumcision“) harmlos –
    empört gegen die FGM anreden, um FG“C“ – sprich FGM – so bald wie möglich straffrei zu stellen –
    Schariastratege Ali Selim aus Irland.

    .

    ·
    ·

    ( Ali Selim, a Trinity lecturer in Arabic, made the statements to the Medical Independent. )

    Trinity lecturer says female circumcision should be permitted

    By Ciaran Sunderland | Trinity News (Dubblin) | 09.02.2018 ·

    Trinity lecturer Dr. Ali Selim stated that he is an advocate for female circumcision when speaking to the Medical Independent after a worldwide campaign against female genital mutilation (FGM) was launched in Dublin.

    Repeating his statements on regarding female circumcision on RTÉ’s Prime Time show last night, Selim, a lecturer in Arabic at Trinity, said female circumcision should be practised with a doctor’s approval. However, he also stated that he condemns FGM, although there is no distinction between the two terms in Irish law. Since 2012 it has been illegal to perform FGM in Ireland or to take a girl outside the country to have the procedure.

    Speaking to the Medical Independent, Selim said: “Female circumcision is a matter that should be determined by a medical doctor. If the doctor thinks there is a need for it, then do it and if otherwise, then otherwise. If it is done, then it should be done carefully and safely and should be limited to the amount needed.”

    (…)

    http://trinitynews.ie/trinity-lecturer-says-female-circumcision-should-be-permitted/

    Trinity News is Ireland’s oldest student newspaper. Since 1953, we have brought student-led independent news and analysis from Trinity College Dublin to campus corridors and student residences.

    About

    ·

  145. Edward von Roy Says:

    Trinity lecturer says female circumcision should be permitted

    By Ciaran Sunderland | Trinity News (Dublin) | 09.02.2018 ·

    http://trinitynews.ie/trinity-lecturer-says-female-circumcision-should-be-permitted/

    Dazu habe ich gerade bei Trinity News kommentiert:

    _____

    There’s no such thing as ‚mild‘ FGM. FGM is FGM is FGM.

    FGM = FGM Type I, II, III, IV (WHO | Classification of female genital mutilation).

    Islamic institutions such as the Indonesian Fatwa Council (MUI – Majelis Ulama Indonesia) do not call the “mild” forms of girls’ circumcision a mutilation (FGM). We see that differently. Even the least invasive form of girls’ circumcision has to be overcome, worldwide.

    Flogging or stoning an adulterer is illegal, marrying a nine year old bride is illegal. Khatna resp. Khitan al-inath (Islamic FGM) is illegal.

    Khatna / Khitan al-inath (FGM) is religion (Sharia and Fiqh; Islam), for the Shafii madhhab of Sunni Islam and also for the Shia Bohra (see criminal case against Dr Jumana Nagarwala, Michigan, US) FGM is wajib (obligatory, a religious duty). You can believe in FGM – you can not perform FGM.

    My real concern is that Europe, and the USA will soon legalise some “mild” forms of the Classification of FGM. Every form of FGM should be banned everywhere.

    Edward von Roy, social worker

    _____

  146. Edward von Roy Says:

    .

    A Cutting Tradition | By Sara Corbett | The New York Times, Jan. 20, 2008

    … each spring in Bandung, Indonesia …

    .

    Female circumcision: A common practice in Malaysia and Singapore | By Vi-Jean Khoo | MIMS, 18 Oct 2016

    https://today.mims.com/female-circumcision–a-common-practice-in-malaysia-and-singapore

    .

    Female genital mutilation practised in Iran, study reveals | By Saeed Kamali Dehghan | The Guardian, 4 Jun 2015

    https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/jun/04/female-genital-mutilation-iran-fgm

    .

    The razor and the damage done: female genital mutilation in Kurdish Iraq | By Martin Chulov in Sulaymaniyah | The Guardian, 5 Jul 2010

    https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/jul/05/female-genital-mutilation-kurdish-iraq

    .
    .

    FGM = khitan al-inath (ختان الإناث)
    Indonesian: sunat perempuan (khitan wanita)

    FGM and Islam

    Shia view

    Shiite religious texts, such as the hadith transmitted by Al-Sadiq, state that „circumcision is makruma for women“ (noble but not required). FGM is performed within the Dawoodi Bohra community in India, Pakistan, Yemen and East Africa. In 2017 two doctors (Dr. Jumana Nagarwala and Dr. Fakhruddin Attar) and a third woman connected to the Dawoodi Bohra in Detroit, Michigan, were arrested on charges of conducting FGM on two seven-year-old girls in United States.

    Sunni view

    Different schools of Islamic jurisprudence have expressed different views on FGM. The Maliki school of Islamic jurisprudence views it as makruma (noble but not required). The Hanbali school sees it as sunna (good practice), some Clerics see it as obligatory (wajib). For the Hanafi school it is preferred, and for the Shafi’i school FGM is obligatory (wajib).

    Hadith.
    The Prophet said to Umm Atiyya, or: to Umm Habiba:

    أشمِّي ولا تنهَكي
    ašimmī wa-lā tanhakī
    [Cut] slightly and do not overdo it

    Or Muhammad said:

    اختفضن ولا تنهكن
    iḫtafiḍna wa-lā tanhikna
    Cut [slightly] without exaggeration

    .
    .

    There’s no such thing as ‚mild‘ FGM.

    Zero Tolerance to Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) =
    zero tolerance even to the less invasive forms of FGM

  147. Adriaan Broekhuizen Says:

    ::

    إلهام مانع
    Elham Manea

    Elham M. Manea (* 1966 in Ägypten) ist eine jemenitisch-schweizerische Politologin und Autorin.

    Heute reagiert die Manea auf den die Möglichkeit der weiblichen Beschneidung fordernden Ali Selim von dem der Muslimbruderschaft zuzurechnenden Islamic Cultural Centre in Ireland (ICCI).

    .

    Elham Manea
    ‏@ElhamManea
    13 Std.vor 13 Stunden

    He is known for his #MuslimBrotherhood affiliation. His demands only represent its Islamist [ falsch – die echt islamische ] ideology & insistence on controlling women’s sexuality. In #Egypt,where he comes from, #FGM is banned [ was dort in der Praxis leider kaum jemanden interessiert und insbesondere die islamischen Theologen nicht ] because of its severe health consequences. #Iraland #MeTooFGM

    ___ps://twitter.com/ElhamManea/status/962245672845086720

    Qaasim Illi
    ‏@qaasimilli
    11 Std.vor 11 Stunden

    The problem here is that @ElhamManea is playing with the term #FGM. There is #FGM and there is circumcision. While the former is not acceptable in Islam the latter is Sunnah and comes as a minor surgery removing a little part of the skin (similar to male circumcision).

    ___ps://twitter.com/qaasimilli/status/962273842327531520

    Qaasim Illi‏ @qaasimilli
    Antwort an @KurtPelda @ElhamManea

    „Habe gerade nicht die Zeit zu übersetzen. Dass ḫitān Sunna (je nach Gelehrtem mustaḥabb oder wāǧib) ist, geht unter islamischem Allgemeinwissen. [ das stimmt ] Es gehört zur Fitra [ فطرة fiṭra ] von Mann und Frau [ sehr wichtig – auch das stimmt ] . Bei Frau geht es um die Vorhaut [ falsch! ] der Klitoris.“

    [ der alte Trick seit Scheich Nuh Ha Mim Keller – auch Qaasim Illi‏ lügt uns das Blaue vom Himmel herunter, بظر baẓr – die Klitoris – ist vor der FGM nach Koran und Sunna selbstredend nicht geschützt. ]

    [ s. URL – ختان البنات – ḫitān al-banāt „Beschneidung der Töchter“ ]

    ___ps://ar.islamway.net/fatwa/15505/ ما-حكم-ختان-البنات

    Answering Islam (Islamic Law on Female Circumcision) erkennt richtig:

    „The Arabic word baZr [ بظر baẓr ] does not mean „prepuce of the clitoris“, it means the clitoris itself (cf. the entry in the Arabic-English Dictionary). The deceptive translation by Nuh Ha Mim Keller, made for Western consumption, obscures the Shafii law, given by ʿUmdat al-Salik, that circumcision of girls by excision of the clitoris is mandatory. This particular form of female circumcision is widely practiced in Egypt, where the Shafi’i school of Sunni law is followed.“

    http://answering-islam.org/Sharia/fem_circumcision.html

    ::

    In Arabic, the practice is referred to as ḫafḍ (خفض‎) or ḫifaḍ (خِفَض‎). Ḫitan (خِتان‎) means male circumcision, but it can also encompass FGM. Less severe forms of FGM, or what the World Health Organization calls Type I (removal of the clitoral hood and/or the clitoral glans), may be referred to as sunna (recommended).

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religious_views_on_female_genital_mutilation#Islam

    ::

    Qaasim Illi‏ @qaasimilli
    Antwort an @KurtPelda @ElhamManea

    „Meine Meinung ist, dass #FGM nicht mit der Sunna-Beschneidung vermengt werden darf. Ersteres ist nicht auf die islam. Normativität [nicht auf die Scharia, so flunkert Qaasim Illi] zurückzuführen, widerspricht ihr gar. Letzteres ist Sunna (wohl nicht Pflicht [schafiitisch Pflicht und zwar als FGM Typ I oder IV – und nach den autoritativen Texten eigentlich FGM Typ Ib der WHO-Klassifikation] aber empfohlen) und erzeugt keinen Schaden/Nachteil.“

    ___ps://twitter.com/qaasimilli/status/962322836382662657

    ::

  148. Cees van der Duin Says:

    [ 2015 | Ali Selim, porte-parole du Centre culturel islamique d’Irlande (…) Venu affirmer qu’il poursuivrait en justice tout journaliste qui publierait des caricatures de Mahomet en hommage à Charlie Hebdo. Dr. Ali Selim, Sprecher des Islamischen Kulturzentrums von Irland (…) sagte, dass er jeden Journalisten verklagen wird, der es wagt, im solidarischen Gedenken an Charlie Hebdo die Mohammedkarikaturen zu veröffentlichen. ]

    .

    Ali Selim urges media not to republish Charlie Hebdo cartoons
    Lecturer says he may stand in election and would be interested in talking to Lucinda Creighton

    A Muslim scholar has appealed to the Irish media not to republish cartoons published by the French satirical weekly Charlie Hebdo. (…) he said it was “unfair” to link the motives of the three gunmen to Islam (…) Dr Selim is author of the recently-published book Islam and Education in Ireland which advocates a “a revolution of inclusivity” in Irish schools. (…)

    Dr Selim will deliver an inter-faith public lecture on the history of Islam in Ireland at the Pillo Hotel, Galway on Thursday evening.

    By Lorna Siggins | The Irish Times | 07.01.2015

    https://www.irishtimes.com/news/ireland/irish-news/ali-selim-urges-media-not-to-republish-charlie-hebdo-cartoons-1.2058244

  149. Jacques Auvergne Says:

    [ Coláiste na Tríonóide : Trinity College Dublin ]
    [ Ali Selim: An Islamic Theory of Coexistence (Ph.D.) ]

    [ “ coexistence “ = dhimma ذمة – f. e.: caliphate خلافة ]

    .

    Dr. Selim, holder of Bachelor’s degree from Al-Azhar University, Egypt; M Phil, Trinity College Dublin and PhD TCD, is an Arabic lecturer at Trinity College Dublin. He has been lecturing on Islam and Arabic for a number of years. He taught Arabic to a number of Irish politicians and members of the business community. He also served as an Islamic adviser in a number of business companies and delivered Islamic awareness courses to state bodies.

    Dr Selim has published a number of books e.g. Islam and Education in Ireland and faith and challenges and A Theory of Coexistence According to Islamic Primary Sources and contributed by writing chapters in others.

    https://ie.linkedin.com/in/dr-ali-selim-889b8774/de

    Ali Selim: An Islamic Theory of Coexistence (Ph.D.)

    https://www.tcd.ie/nmes/courses/postgraduate/current-recent-students/

    Selim, who received his PhD from Trinity with his thesis “An Islamic Theory of Coexistence”, is also a lecturer at the Mater Dei Institute. The College did not immediately respond to a request for comment.

    [ Ali Selim ] would seek legal advice if Irish journalists were to republish Charlie Hebdo cartoons depicting the Prophet Mohammed. (…)

    By Edmund Heaphy, Deputy Editor (Jack Leahy also contributed reporting to this piece.) | Trinity Lecturer Will Seek Legal Advice if Irish Journalists Republish Charlie Hebdo Mohammed Cartoon | The University Times | 07.01.2015

    http://www.universitytimes.ie/2015/01/trinity-lecturer-will-seek-legal-advice-if-irish-journalists-republish-charlie-hebdo-mohammed-cartoon/

    The University Times is Ireland’s largest student newspaper

    http://www.universitytimes.ie/about/

  150. Edward von Roy Says:

    __

    […] In a press statement, TCDSU ( Trinity College Dublin Students’ Union ) President Kevin Keane called the practice of female genital mutilation (FGM) “completely unacceptable”, saying it should be “eradicated across the world”.

    “There is also no difference whatsoever between FGM and so-called female circumcision”, he continued.

    In a press statement, TCDSU Gender Equality Officer, Aine Palmer, said: “Selim’s false differentiation between female circumcision and FGM implicitly supports the furthering of the practice.” […]

    By Donal MacNamee, Senior Editor • TCDSU Condemns Ali Selim’s FGM Comments • The University Times (Ireland’s largest student newspaper) • 10.02.2018

    http://www.universitytimes.ie/2018/02/tcdsu-condemn-ali-selims-fgm-comments/

    __
    __

    „There is simply no credible space in discourse, in Ireland or anywhere, for FGM apologists. There is also no difference whatsoever between FGM and so-called female circumcision – they are one and the same.“ ( TCDSU ( Trinity College Dublin Students’ Union ) President Kevin Keane )

    „To falsely distinguish between FGM and female circumcision is both wrong and dangerous, and the SU rejects it entirely.“ ( TCDSU)

    By Seana Davis • TCDSU condemn Trinity lecturer’s female circumcision comments • 010.02.2018

    http://trinitynews.ie/tcdsu-condemn-trinity-lecturers-female-circumcision-comments/

    __
    __

    Classification of female genital mutilation

    ● Type I — Partial or total removal of the clitoris and/or the prepuce (clitoridectomy). When it is important to distinguish between the major variations of Type I mutilation, the following subdivisions are proposed:

    — Type Ia, removal of the clitoral hood or prepuce only;
    — Type Ib, removal of the clitoris with the prepuce.

    ● Type II — Partial or total removal of the clitoris and the labia minora, with or without excision of the labia majora (excision). When it is important to distinguish between the major variations that have been documented, the following subdivisions are proposed:

    — Type IIa, removal of the labia minora only;
    — Type IIb, partial or total removal of the clitoris and the labia minora;
    — Type IIc, partial or total removal of the clitoris, the labia minora and the labia majora.

    ● Type III — Narrowing of the vaginal orifice with creation of a covering seal by cutting and appositioning the labia minora and/or the labia majora, with or without excision of the clitoris (infibulation). When it is important to distinguish between variations in infibulations, the following subdivisions are proposed:

    — Type IIIa, removal and apposition of the labia minora;
    — Type IIIb, removal and apposition of the labia majora.

    ● Type IV — All other harmful procedures to the female genitalia for non-medical purposes, for example: pricking, piercing, incising, scraping and cauterization.

    http://www.who.int/reproductivehealth/topics/fgm/overview/en/

    __

  151. Adriaan Broekhuizen Says:

    [ Ali Selim, “Urgent need for interfaith dialogue based on mutual trust,” Irish Times, April 22, 2008. ]

    http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.980.2287&rep=rep1&type=pdf

    ( Ali Selim is a Muslim theologian and secretary to Imam Hussein Halawa of the Islamic Cultural Centre at Clonskeagh, in Dublin )

    By Ali Selim | Urgent need for interfaith dialogue based on mutual trust | The Irish Times | 22.04.2008

    https://www.irishtimes.com/opinion/urgent-need-for-interfaith-dialogue-based-on-mutual-trust-1.915710

  152. Cees van der Duin Says:

    „Islamic Cultural Centre of Ireland · 9. Februar 2018“

    09.02.2018 | Das ICCI (auch ICC, Islamic Cultural Centre of Ireland) versucht die Wogen zu glätten und reagiert dazu mit Nebelwurf – mit der Lüge, FGM – von uns richtig zu verstehen immer auch als FGM Typ I oder IV – sei keinesfalls islamisch.

    Im Gegenteil, so lügt man weiter, würde der Islam die weibliche Genitalverstümmelung verbieten und verdammen – man beachte des Ungesagte: die von Ali Selim akzeptierte islamische weibliche „Beschneidung“ (circumcision) fällt nicht in den Bereich dessen, was das Islamic Cultural Centre of Ireland – gesamtislamisch gesagt: was MUI, JAKIM, Al-Azhar, der Syedna des Syedna usw. – als Verstümmelung (mutilation) bereit ist zu verstehen.

    „The ICCI condemns the practice of Female Genital Mutilation (FGM). It is a practice carried out based on cultural religious and non-religious convictions, with no association with religion whatsoever. (…) Islam specifically bans the practice of FGM as it is a barbaric practice and it is condemned in the strongest terms.“

    ___ps://www.facebook.com/notes/islamic-cultural-centre-of-ireland/fgm/1979719898708121/?notif_id=1518181831635630&notif_t=feedback_reaction_generic&ref=notif

    Islamic Cultural Centre of Ireland
    9. Februar um 05:02 ·

    The ICCI condemns the practice of Female Genital Mutilation (FGM). It is a practice carried out based on cultural religious and non-religious convictions, with no association with religion whatsoever. It is an inherited practice that even existed before the coming of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him). Islam specifically bans the practice of FGM as it is a barbaric practice and it is condemned in the strongest terms.

    Female genital mutilation is a crime and a violation to women’s rights. The fact that it has been portrayed in such a horrible image played a fundamental role in minimising this dreadful practice. We should carry on raising awareness until we bring it to zero practice all over the world, an accomplishment, which we believe we will rejoice soon.

    ____

    Islamic Cultural Centre of Ireland: „Dr Ali’s views are in accordance with the above. If you wish to discuss the issue further with him, he will be more than happy to oblige.“ 9. Februar um 09:02

    ICCI / ICC : „His view is as above. It may not have come across as clear during the interview. Read the statement. You don’t have to agree with it. He is not advocating female circumcision for any reason other than something prescribed by a medical doctor. If you have time on your hands, you can look up the medical literature, pubmed will give you some hits and you will find the more modern terminology that is used in relation to female circumcision under labiaplasty and female cosmetic surgery.

    Thank you for taking the time to share your views. Have a nice evening.“ 9. Februar um 09:52

    ___ps://www.facebook.com/islamireland/posts/1979715812041863

    ____

    Frauenfreundlich tuend und empört schnatternd eine gegenüber der WHO-Definition (um die FGM Typen I, II und IV) verkleinerte ‚Rest-FGM‘ ablehnen und gleichzeitig „weibliche Beschneidung, female circumcision“ erlauben wollen, das also ist die Strategie der weltweiten Schariabewegung im allgemeinen und der irischen Muslimbrüder im besonderen.

    Die Europäer, Amerikaner und Australier sollen beschämt einknicken und die Chatna bzw. sunat perempuan, die islamische FGM nicht mehr kritisieren, denn schließlich, so das ICCI / ICC, würden sie, ärztlich begleitet bzw. medizinisch akzeptiert, ihre nichtmuslimischen Mädchen und Frauen beschneiden mit verschiedenartigsten: „Schamlippenkorrekturen bzw. weiblichen Schönheitsoperationen, labiaplasty and female cosmetic surgery“.

    Jemand lässt sich nicht in die Irre führen und stellt die richtige Frage:

    „Could you please explain to me the difference between Female Genital Mutilation and Female circumcision. In my understanding, they are both the same barbaric practice and for women, there is no medical need for it.“ 9. Februar um 11:14

  153. Edward von Roy Says:

    (…) However, Dr Ali Selim (PhD), a senior figure in the Islamic Cultural Centre, Clonskeagh, has a different view. Some years ago, he put on record that the Centre opposed the proposed ban under the Criminal Justice FGM Act. In comments to Metro Éireann in 2010, he contended that the Centre was against FGM but not “female circumcision” (these terms are often used interchangeably). He referred to types of cutting to the female genitalia that are illegal under the legislation that commenced in 2012 and are commonly categorised within the definition of FGM.

    Contacted by MI for the latest position, Dr Selim answered: “I believe you know my stand in this regard. I adhere to it. It cannot be banned but reasonably practised.” He believes a hadith (saying of the Prophet Muhammad) provides an Islamic context to “female circumcision”. “Female circumcision is a matter that should be determined by a medical doctor. If the doctor thinks there is a need for it, then do it and if otherwise, then otherwise. If it is done, then it should be done carefully and safely and should be limited to the amount needed,” Dr Selim informed MI.

    Dr Selim said that “female circumcision is a matter that should not be banned nor haphazardly practised… it has to be sanctioned by a medical doctor who can recognise the need of that”. He was unable to identify any specific alleged medical needs (“sometimes you could have an abnormal part in your body and it will have to be treated”, he said). When asked if the alleged medical issues were a reference to matters around promiscuity, he said “no”.

    Informed of some of Dr Selim’s comments, Prof Fitzpatrick [Prof Chris Fitzpatrick, Consultant Obstetrician and Gynaecologist at the Coombe Women and Infants Hospital, Dublin, Clinical Professor at the School of Medicine, University College Dublin and an advisor to the Ifrah Foundation] stated: “Female genital mutilation is a crime against young girls and women. There are no health benefits — just misery, suffering and ill-health for millions. It is a criminal offence for a doctor to perform FGM. There is no such thing as ‘reasonable practice’ or ‘limited excision’. (…)

    By Catherine Reilly | Pursuing an end to FGM | MI · the medical independent | 06.02.2018

    http://www.medicalindependent.ie/101213/pursuing_an_end_to_fgm

    By Catherine Reilly | Islamic centre in Dublin supports ‘female circumcision’ | MI · the medical independent | 06.02.2018

    http://www.medicalindependent.ie/101214/islamic_centre_in_dublin_supports_female_circumcision

    __

    View of Muslim academic on FGM ‘highly dangerous’, obstetrician says | (Prof Chris Fitzpatrick criticises views expressed by Dr Ali Selim in RTÉ interview)

    By Elaine Edwards and Aine McMahon | The Irish Times | 09.02.2018

    https://www.irishtimes.com/news/health/view-of-muslim-academic-on-fgm-highly-dangerous-obstetrician-says-1.3386909

    _

    Campaign against female genital mutilation to be launched in Dublin | The Examiner | 04.02.2018

    (Auch über The Thunderclap sowie den #MeTooFGM hashtag)

    https://www.irishexaminer.com/breakingnews/ireland/campaign-against-female-genital-mutilation-to-be-launched-in-dublin-826341.html

    _

    Thunderclap: Share Show You Care EndFGM
    by Global Media Campaign To End FGM

    _ttps://www.irishexaminer.com/breakingnews/ireland/campaign-against-female-genital-mutilation-to-be-launched-in-dublin-826341.html

    (…) Ifrah Ahmed (29), who was born in Somalia (…) [The AHA Foundation was established by Ayaan Hirsi Ali in 2007]

    _ttps://www.theahafoundation.org/global-event-calling-end-fgm-start-independent/

    Ifrah Ahmed (Somali: Ifraax Axmed, Arabic: إفراح أحمد‎) is a Somali social activist. She is the founder of the United Youth of Ireland non-governmental organization.

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ifrah_Ahmed

    The United Youth of Ireland (UYI) | ALF · The Anna Lindh Foundation | [Eine weitere Pro-Scharia-Jubeltruppe. Statt 100 % AEMR weltweit zu fordern, strebt man islamverliebt zu Projekten wie „the Regional Training Seminar on Intercultural Dialogue and Social Change (Cairo), and the Anna Lindh Exchange (Tunis)“ oder orakelt von „the major challenges which the EuroMed societies are facing in terms of promoting citizenship and intercultural dialogue“.]

    _ttp://www.annalindhfoundation.org/members/united-youth-ireland

    _ttp://www.annalindhfoundation.org/news/believe-dialogue-act-citizenship-regional-initiative-launched

    the ALF aims to contribute to the development of an Intercultural Strategy for the Euro-Mediterranean Region

    _ttp://www.annalindhfoundation.org/mandate-and-founders

    André Azoulay, Berater des marokkanischen Königs, Marokkaner jüdischen Glaubens, ist „Président de la Fondation Euro-méditerranéenne Anna Lindh pour le dialogue entre les cultures“, von 2008 bis 2014 Präsident der Anna Lindh Stiftung für den Dialog zwischen den Kulturen im euro-mediterranen Raum [und findet die frauenfeindliche, christenfeindliche und judenfeindliche Scharia prima, sollte man bedauernd ergänzen]. [Derzeitige Präsidentin ist die in Marrakesch, Marokko geborene Elizabeth Guigou.]

    https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Azoulay

    مؤسسة آنا ليند · The Anna Lindh Euro-Mediterranean Foundation for the Dialogue Between Cultures is a network of civil society organisations dedicated to promoting intercultural dialogue in the Mediterranean region.

    It was set up in 2005 by the governments of the Euro-Mediterranean Partnership (Euromed), a political agreement made in 1995 between the European Union and Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia, Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon, Palestine, Israel, Syria and Turkey.

    Location: Alexandria, Egypt
    President: Elisabeth Guigou
    Director: Hatem Atallah

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Lindh_Euro-Mediterranean_Foundation_for_the_Dialogue_Between_Cultures

    Euro-Med Dialogue / Lindh Foundation – die notwendigen Fakten gibt es bei Dr. Gudrun Eussner:

    Rothschildlied 1929 | 3. Oktober 2014 / 03.10.2014

    http://eussner.blogspot.de/2014/10/rothschildlied-1929.html

    _

  154. Edward von Roy Says:

    No FGM Australia
    9. Februar um 05:54 ·

    Recently, supporters of FGM have been claiming that certain types of what they call “female Circumcision” (still FGM) does not cause harm. Wrong.

    “A 56-year-old gynaecologist from Godhra has put to rest the debate on whether female genital cutting practised by the Dawoodi Bohra community causes harm. Dr. Sujaat Vali conducted an observational study on 20 women, who had undergone khatna or khafz, as it is known in the community, and found that all these patients had a varying degree of damage to their clitoris.”

    “Dr. Vali…explained that it is almost impossible to cut the skin of the prepuce without affecting the clitoris as there is an extremely narrow space between the two. “Even the trained hand of a surgeon cannot achieve this. The traditional cutters, who have no clue about anatomy, can do even worse,” said the doctor, who has been a practising obstetrician and invitro fertilisation specialist for the last 29 years.”

    __

    ( Mumbai )

    FGM does cause damage to clitoris, reveals study

    By Jyoti Shelar · The Hindu · 08.02.2018

    (…) The community describes khatna as female circumcision, and argues it is a harmless cultural and religious practice (…)

    Dr. Sujaat Vali (…)

    His findings revealed that 30% (six) women had more than half of their clitoris cut. In the remaining patients, less than half of the clitoris was cut. “Therefore the size of the clitoris of women, who have undergone khatna, is smaller than those, who have not undergone the procedure. The damage varies,” said Dr. Vali (…)

    http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/mumbai/fgm-does-cause-damage-to-clitoris-reveals-study/article22695876.ece

  155. Edward von Roy Says:

    .

    Trinity College condemns statement by lecturer saying female genital mutilation should be allowed by law

    ( Last week, Dr Ali Selim told RTE’s Prime Time that he was not an advocate of female genital mutilation, he did advocate female circumcision )

    By Stephen McDermott | Dublin Live | 12.02.2018

    (… ) in a statement today, Trinity College criticised Dr Selim’s remarks, saying: „Trinity College Dublin utterly condemns female genital mutilation in all circumstances.

    „Both the university’s teaching body and students believe that the practice is always wrong.“

    Professor of Obstetrics at Trinity, Dr Deirdre Murphy, also condemned practice, saying that “any doctor who suggests female circumcision is medically indicated is deluding themselves.”

    She added that female genital cutting and female circumcision are “synonymous terms”. (..)

    https://www.dublinlive.ie/news/dublin-news/trinity-college-condemns-statement-lecturer-14281051

    „The vision for Dublin Live is to be the beating heart and a new voice for a vibrant, exciting city. We intend to provide in-depth news and information about Dublin, for the people of our capital.“

    https://www.dublinlive.ie/about-us/

    .
    .

    Trinity distances itself from Muslim lecturer in FGM row

    Trinity College Dublin (TCD)has distanced itself from one of its Muslim lecturers who has advocated female genital mutilation (FGM). (…)

    By Ralph Riegel | Independent (Dublin) | 13.02.2018

    https://www.independent.ie/irish-news/trinity-distances-itself-from-muslim-lecturer-in-fgm-row-36597578.html

    .

  156. Cluain Sceach • Clonskeagh • Edward von Roy Says:

    ____

    FGM = FGM Type I (Ia, Ib), II, III, IV

    ____

    FGM and Islam, s o u r c e s • • Female circumcision: A common practice in Malaysia and Singapore | By Vi-Jean Khoo | MIMS, 18 Oct 2016 • https://today.mims.com/female-circumcision–a-common-practice-in-malaysia-and-singapore • • Female genital mutilation practised in Iran, study reveals | By Saeed Kamali Dehghan | The Guardian, 4 Jun 2015 • https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/jun/04/female-genital-mutilation-iran-fgm • • The razor and the damage done: female genital mutilation in Kurdish Iraq | By Martin Chulov in Sulaymaniyah | The Guardian, 5 Jul 2010 • https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/jul/05/female-genital-mutilation-kurdish-iraq • • Malaysia • The 2009 Malaysian Female Circumcision Fatwa: State ownership of Islam and the current impasse | (In 2009, the National Council of Islamic Religious Affairs (JAKIM) in Malaysia introduced a surprising and controversial Fatwa declaring female circumcision to be obligatory (wajib) for all Muslim women.) | By Mary Ainslie • https://www.researchgate.net/publication/282633189_The_2009_Malaysian_Female_Circumcision_Fatwa_State_ownership_of_Islam_and_the_current_impasse • • Indonesia • MUI released a fatwa or legal edict (No. 9A/2008) that suggests that FGM is obligatory in Islam and therefore should not be prohibited. • http://tbinternet.ohchr.org/Treaties/CRC/Shared%20Documents/IDN/INT_CRC_NGO_IDN_16628_E.pdf • • A Cutting Tradition. By Sara Corbett. The New York Times. Published: 20.01.2008 • http://www.nytimes.com/2008/01/20/magazine/20circumcision-t.html • • • Shia view • Shiite religious texts, such as the hadith transmitted by Al-Sadiq, state that „circumcision is makrumah for women“ (noble but not required). FGM is performed within the Dawoodi Bohra community in India, Pakistan, Yemen and East Africa. • https://thebetter.wiki/en/Religious_views_on_female_genital_mutilation • • “We do not mutilate or cut our girls”, Lankan Muslims say in defense of female circumcision | (Dawoodi Bohra community in Sri Lanka … The Bohras consider khatna a religious obligation.) | By Nita Bhalla | NewsIn Asia • https://newsin.asia/not-mutilate-cut-girls-lankan-muslims-say-defense-female-circumcision/ • • • • There is no „mild“ form of FGM. FGM is FGM is FGM. • • • WHO | Classification of female genital mutilation • http://www.who.int/reproductivehealth/topics/fgm/overview/en/ • • • Any form of FGM should be banned everywhere. •

    ____

    FGM Arab: khitan al-inath (ختان الإناث) „female circumcision“, or: khitan al-banat (ختان البنات) „circumcision of the daughters“, other terms: ḫafḍ (خفض‎) or ḫifaḍ (خِفَض‎), (literally „lowering“ or „deepening“), Dawoodi Bohra (Shia muslim sect) khatna, Indonesian: sunat perempuan (khitan wanita) ___ FGM and Islam Shia view Shiite religious texts, such as the hadith transmitted by Al-Sadiq, state that „circumcision is makruma for women“ (noble but not required). FGM is performed within the Dawoodi Bohra community in India, Pakistan, Yemen and East Africa. In 2017 two doctors (Dr. Jumana Nagarwala and Dr. Fakhruddin Attar) and a third woman connected to the Dawoodi Bohra in Detroit, Michigan, were arrested on charges of conducting FGM on two seven-year-old girls in United States. Sunni view Different schools of Islamic jurisprudence have expressed different views on FGM. The Maliki school of Islamic jurisprudence views it as makruma (noble but not required). The Hanbali school sees it as sunna (good practice), some Clerics see it as obligatory (wajib). For the Hanafi school it is preferred, and for the Shafi’i school FGM is obligatory (wajib). Hadith. The Prophet said to Umm Atiyya, or: to Umm Habiba: أشمِّي ولا تنهَكي ašimmī wa-lā tanhakī [Cut] slightly and do not overdo it Or Muhammad said: اختفضن ولا تنهكن iḫtafiḍna wa-lā tanhikna Cut [slightly] without exaggeration

    ____

    There is no such thing as “light FGC”, or “light FGM” etc. Any kind of FGM, for example the “mild Sunna” or any other forms of Sunna „circumcision“ (FGM) on girls (sunat perempuan; khitan al-inath; khatna), must stop. ● Islamic institutions such as The National Council of Islamic Religious Affairs (JAKIM) in Malaysia, or The Indonesian Fatwa Council (MUI – Majelis Ulama Indonesia) do not call the “mild” forms of girls’ circumcision a mutilation (FGM). We see that differently. Even the least invasive form of girls’ circumcision has to be overcome, worldwide. ● Flogging or stoning an adulterer is illegal, marrying a nine year old bride is illegal. Khatna resp. Khitan al-inath (Islamic FGM) is illegal. ● Khatna / Khitan al-inath (FGM) is religion (Sharia and Fiqh; Islam), for the Shafii madhhab of Sunni Islam and also for the Shia Bohra (see criminal case against Dr Jumana Nagarwala, Michigan, US) FGM is wajib (obligatory, a religious duty). ● You can believe in FGM – you can not perform FGM. ● My real concern is that Europe, and the USA will soon legalise some “mild” forms of the Classification of FGM. ● All forms of FGM should be banned everywhere. ●

    ____

    again:
    FGM = FGM Type I (Ia, Ib), II, III, IV

    ____
    ____

    Clonskeagh or Clonskea (Irish: Cluain Sceach, meaning „meadow of the whitethorn“; pronounced [klɔnskiː]), is a small southern suburb of Dublin, Ireland. The district straddles the River Dodder.

    ____

  157. Edward von Roy Says:

    # Irish Examiner / by Alison Hackett from Dún Laoghaire
    Genital mutilation is not ‘female circumcision’ / 14.02.2018

    ____

    Dear Alison Hackett,

    even a FGM Type Ia (clitoral foreskin) or FGM Type IV (f. e. incising, pricking) is FGM. FGM is FGM is FGM. Stop it. Khatna, khitan al-inath is very Islamic. „I mean the most sensitive part [of the penis]. Not just the foreskin.“ – the foreskin IS* the most sensitive part. Circumcision (male) is like cutting off the clitoris.

    Let’s get back to Muslim Brother Ali Selim, who did not misunderstand his religion.

    FGM = FGM Type I (Ia, Ib), II, III, IV. Just stop it. No genital mutilation below the age of eighteen years.

    „By taking a blade to a girl’s clitoris, you cut up her soul.“ – again, any form of FGM should be abolished worldwide, not just FGM type Ib („a girl’s clitoris“), but type I (Ia and Ib), II, III, IV. FGM is Islamic Law, Sharia Law.

    Therefore, let us keep the Sharia out of the law applicable to each and every one of us.

    Let’s advocate Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR).

    With best regards
    Edward von Roy

    ____

    * Fine-touch pressure thresholds in the adult penis. Sorrells ML, Snyder JL, Reiss MD, Eden C, Milos MF, Wilcox N, Van Howe RS.

    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17378847

    ____

    source: Alison Hackett from Dún Laoghaire:
    Genital mutilation is not ‚female circumcision‘ | Irish Examiner | Wednesday, February 14, 2018 – 12:00 AM

    https://www.irishexaminer.com/breakingnews/views/genital-mutilation-is-not-female1-circumcision-827929.html

  158. Adriaan Broekhuizen Says:

    [ # Alison Hackett aus Dun Laoghaire, Dublin, Irland: Genital mutilation is not ‚female circumcision‘ ]

    Alison Hackett‏ @21CRenaissance
    23:19 – 13. Feb. 2018

    today’s letter printed in Irish Examiner @irishexaminer

    „Try this thought experiment. Imagine you are a boy of six and your father, or your grandfather, forcibly….“

    https://www.irishexaminer.com/breakingnews/views/yourview/genital-mutilation-is-not-female-circumcision-827929.html … #repealthe8th #WomensRights @NWCI @WEP_UK #FGM @katewilloughby8

    ::

    ___s://twitter.com/21CRenaissance/status/963674146113761281

    ::
    ::

    Alison Hackett‏ @21CRenaissance
    05:21 – 14. Feb. 2018

    today’s letter printed in Irish Examiner @irishexaminer

    „Try this thought experiment. Imagine you are a boy of six and your father, or your grandfather, forcibly….“

    https://www.irishexaminer.com/breakingnews/views/yourview/genital-mutilation-is-not-female-circumcision-827929.html … #repealthe8th #WomensRights @NWCI @WEP_UK #FGM @katewilloughby8

  159. Jacques Auvergne Says:

    Selbstredend muss im Islam – im Islam der schafiitischen Madhhab wie der schiitischen Dawoodi Bohra – das Mädchen ebenso beschnitten werden wie der Junge.

    Der Trick der Scheiche und Muftis: Die „circumcision“ sei keine „mutilation“. Und so distanziert man sich pathetisch von der FGM … und greift nach dem Beschneidungsmesser (MGM oder FGM).

    Keine Scharia, kein Islam ohne FGM. Ach, geehrter Bruder, ist das Geschlechtsteil Ihres Sohnes und Ihrer Tochter schon halal, hm?

    ICCI / ICC, sie lügen uns das Blaue vom Himmel herunter:

    Ali Selim: “I see it as an un-Islamic practice and I condemn it.”

    Muslim spokesperson apologises for saying it’s acceptable for girls to undergo FGM | the journal | 15.02.2018

    http://www.thejournal.ie/ali-selim-fgm-apology-3854030-Feb2018/

    TheJournal.ie is a full participating member of the Press Council of Ireland and supports the Office of the Press Ombudsman.

    http://www.thejournal.ie/ali-selim-fgm-apology-3854030-Feb2018/

  160. Edward von Roy Says:

    ·

    (…) Dr Deirdre Murphy, professor of obstetrics at Trinity, said FGM and female circumcision were ‘synonymous terms’, and that ‘any doctor who suggests female circumcision is medically indicated is deluding themselves’.

    The president of Trinity Students’ Union, Kevin Keane, delivered a letter to the provost at the university – calling, on behalf of students, for the lecturer to be dismissed. ‘Female circumcision is in no way, medically or culturally, distinct from the barbaric practice of female genital mutilation,’ his letter read. ‘By failing to categorically condemn FGM, Dr Selim has brought disgrace on the university that employs him. (…)

    By Lisa ODonnell · Alternative lecturer to be hired after Dr Ali Selim’s FGM comments · EXTRA.ie (Dublin) · 15.02.2018

    https://extra.ie/2018/02/15/news/irish-news/trinity-college-dr-ali-selim-female-genital-mutilation

    ·

  161. Edward von Roy Says:

    [ Schweiz. Qaasim Illi will die FGM (FGM = der gesamte Bereich der FGM-Typen I (Ia, Ib), II, II, IV) und ist Pressesprecher des IZRS. ]

    Islamischer Zentralrat verteidigt die Beschneidung von Mädchen

    („Alle Formen der Verstümmelung weiblicher Genitalien sind in der Schweiz verboten. Eine Variante hält der Zentralrat dennoch für zulässig.“)

    Von Kurt Pelda und Simone Rau, hier in: Berner Zeitung (aus: (Tages-Anzeiger) am 18.02.2018

    https://www.bernerzeitung.ch/dienste/rss/story/25057856islamischer-zentralrat-verteidigt-die-beschneidung-von-maedchen/story/12784121

    __
    __

    Christina Aus der Au, Theologin und Philosophin. Bei einer Podiumsdiskussion des Deutschen Evangelischen Kirchentags im Festsaal des Roten Rathauses am 27. Mai 2017 warb Aus der Au dafür, die Beschneidung der Schamlippen eines muslimischen Mädchens zu tolerieren und diese FGM besser durch einen ausgebildeten Arzt durchführen zu lassen als durch einen Laien im Hinterhof.

    Vergleichbares haben verlangt: Jumana Nagarwala (2017), Arora und Jacobs (2016), Tatjana Hörnle (Herbst 2014) sowie Ringel und Meyer (Frühjahr 2014).

    Islamische weibliche Beschneidung sprich weibliche Genitalverstümmelung (Chatna, Chitan al-inath, in Indonesien und Malaysia: sunat perempuan, sunat pada wanita) – schluss damit, es gibt keine harmlose geringfügige Mädchenbeschneidung. FGM ist FGM ist FGM.

    __
    __

    IZRS
    Islamischer Zentralrat Schweiz

    Fatwa: Wie ist das islamische Urteil über die Beschneidung der Frau?

    Der Unterschied zwischen FGM und der Sunna-Beschneidung

    (…) Die Beschneidung der Frau im Islam besteht darin, dass die Klitorisvorhaut entfernt wird. Dies, weil der Gesandte (…) unter anderem im Hadith von Umm Atiyya den Einschnitt so definiert. Eine Frau nahm die Beschneidungen der Frauen in al-Madina vor, so sagte der Prophet (…) zu ihr: «Schneide nicht darüber hinaus (Vorhaut), denn dies ist besser/vergnüglicher für die Frau und dem Mann lieber».

    In einer weiteren Überlieferung von Dhihak ibn Qays at-Tabarani und al-Hakim in seinem Mustadrak wird folgende Aussage getätigt: «Oh Umm Atiyya, wenn du beschneidest, dann nur (die Vorhaut) und schneide nicht mehr davon ab, denn dadurch werden die Gesichter (der Frauen) glücklicher und es ist vorteilhafter für sie mit ihren Ehemann.» (…)

    •••p://www.izrs.ch/fatwa-wie-ist-das-islamische-urteil-ueber-die-beschneidung-der-frau.html

  162. Cees van der Duin Says:

    .

    Dem auf leisen Pfoten gehenden, dem schleichenden Tier auf die Schliche kommen! Das Wiesel – ein Großmeister im Heranschleichen.

    .

    .
    .

    Siehe oben – zum Fall der schiitischen Mädchenbeschneidung in Nordamerika, die fürchterlich gottesfürchtige Beschneiderin Dr. Jumana Nagarwala – verwendete Ayaan Hirsi Ali treffend den Begriff … sagen wir es auf deutsch: Wieselwort – weasel word.

    „Der aus dem amerikanischen Englisch stammende Ausdruck weasel word bezeichnet ein Wort mit vager und unscharfer Bedeutung. In den USA wurde der Ausdruck durch Theodore Roosevelt bekannt, der ihn 1916 verwendete, um die Politik von Woodrow Wilson anzugreifen“

    https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weasel_word

    ( Gleich – siehe unten – sagt sie zutreffend Schönreden, Schönfärben: Euphemismus. )

    __
    __

    @Ayaan

    Bravo, Ayaan Hirsi Ali‏ durchschaut den Trick des Muslimbruders, erkennt die Schönfärberei, den Euphemismus für die pauschal ablehnenswerte weibliche Genitalverstümmelung:

    „No, Ireland should not legalize female „circumcision“. It is a euphemism for female genital mutilation.“

    18.02.2018

    ___ps://twitter.com/Ayaan/status/965418020905672704

    Ayaan Hirsi Ali @Ayaan

    „No, Ireland should not legalize female „circumcision“. It is a euphemism for female genital mutilation.“

    19.02.2018

    ___s://mobile.twitter.com/ayaan/status/965418020905672704

    https://mobile.twitter.com/ayaan/status/965418020905672704

    .

  163. Cees van der Duin Says:

    (Schweiz)
    24.02.2018

    Qaasim Illi („our fatwa concerning the sunna status of moderate female circumcision … We are talking about the foreskin of the clitoris and not FGM.“) fordert erneut die Straffreistellung der FGM Typ Ia, die der Freund der Schariagesetze allerdings nicht als FGM bezeichnet wissen möchte.

    Er verbirgt (Prinzip Taqiyya), dass eine jede FGM Typ Ia bereits rein operationstechnisch ohne eine gleichzeitige FGM Typ Ib nahezu niemals funktioniert – was islamischerseits auch gar nicht gewünscht ist.

    Die islamische weibliche Beschneidung zielt immer auf das Zentrum der Lust, auf baZr, die Klitoris; von Klitorisvorhaut ist in den autoritativen Texten nicht die Rede (erst der amerikanische Sufischeich Keller definierte als Chitan al-inath als eine die Klitoris unversehrt lassende Klitorisvorhautamputation).

    Wie auch immer, geben wir Qaasim Illi keine Chance, die FGM Ia zu legalisieren. Selbst ein ritueller Einschnitt oder Nadelstich – zu FGM Typ IV – ist illegal und muss es bleiben.

    __

    Qaasim Illi
    ‏@qaasimilli
    Antwort an @TerreDesFemmesS @Islamrat

    Völlig am Thema vorbei. Uns geht es um die Entfernung der Vorhäute, sei es beim Mann oder der Frau, nicht um #FGM. Die unnegierbare Islamizität der Praxis haben wir bereits dargelgt. Hier gibt es mehr Infos: h__ps://femalecircumcision.org

    22:12 – 24. Feb. 2018

    ___ps://twitter.com/qaasimilli/status/967643422403174400

    .
    .

    Von IZRS am 25.02.2018

    (…) our fatwa concerning the #sunnah status of moderate female circumcision (…)

    To make it clear again: We are talking about the foreskin of the clitoris and not #FGM.

    ___ps://twitter.com/Islamrat/status/967721574403944448

    Intaktivist Jerzy Freitag lässt sich kein X für ein U vormachen:

    „To make it clear again: like male circumcision is male genital mutilation female circumcsion is female genital mutilation.“

    .

  164. Edward von Roy Says:

    __

    Wie an der Käsetheke. Heute feinste Desinformation zu MGM und FGM, darf es noch ein bisschen mehr sein?

    .

    Comparisons Between Female Genital Mutilation and Male Circumcision are False and Dangerous

    CONATUS NEWS | 25.02.2018

    (The comparison between Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) and male circumcision on a medical basis is false and endangers women who are subjected to it.)

    By: Dr Zuhdi Jasser, Dr Waqas Khan, and Dr Shaaz Mahboob, in partnership with America Matters

    https://conatusnews.com/comparisons-female-genital-mutilation-male-circumcision-false-dangerous/#comment-1496

    __
    __

    Rituals can include singing, dancing, and certainly also religious devotions, but no operations on the body of a child (a child is a human being below the age of eighteen years).

    We should not cut or circumcize (i. e. mutilate) genitals, neither of male nor of female human beings. Male circumcision is male genital mutilation. Concerning the sensitivity (corpuscles respectively free nerve ends of the types: Merkel, Ruffini, Vater-Pacini, Meissner), the male foreskin has its equivalent not in the female (clitoral) foreskin, but in the clitoris itself. In other words, the foreskin, not the glans, is the most sensitive part of male genitals.

    Everyone has a right to intact genitalia. Here, children are dependent on our protection. We as the adults in this world must enforce that a child under the age of 18 years, girl or boy, is protected from any form of genital cutting.

    As is well known, Islamic institutions such as the Indonesian Fatwa Council (MUI – Majelis Ulama Indonesia) or the Department of Islamic Development Malaysia (JAKIM – Jabatan Kemajuan Islam Malaysia) do not call the “mild” forms of girls’ circumcision a mutilation (FGM). We see that differently. Even the least invasive form of girls’ circumcision has to be overcome, worldwide. And of course boys deserve the same protection as girls.

    There is no such thing as “light FGC”, or “light FGM” etc. Any kind of FGM, for example the “mild Sunna” or any other forms of Sunna „circumcision“ (FGM) on girls (sunat perempuan; khitan al-inath; khatna), must stop. My real concern is that Europe, and the USA will soon legalise some “mild” forms of the Classification of FGM.

    Each form of FGM should be banned everywhere.

    Edward von Roy, social worker

    __

  165. Jacques Auvergne Says:

    MAINE
    Legislative Document
    No. 745

    https://www.mainelegislature.org/legis/bills/getPDF.asp?paper=HP0525&item=1&snum=128

    .

    MAINE
    05.02.2018

    House of Representatives, February 5, 2018

    An Act Prohibiting Female Genital Mutilation

    Kommentar. Immerhin gilt Religion ausdrücklich nicht als Freibrief auf eine (wie wir wissen: islamische) FGM Typ Ib oder II. Eltern, Personensorgeberechtigte, momentane Betreuer oder das Mädchen selbst können also nicht auf einer (besagten Form von) FGM bestehen, nur weil sie beteuern oder jedenfalls glauben, die Genitalverstümmelung sei Teil ihrer Tradition oder Religion oder eine rituelle Handlung.

    that the female genital mutilation was required as part of custom, religion or ritual

    http://legislature.maine.gov/legis/bills/getPDF.asp?paper=HP1261&item=1&snum=128

    .

    HP0525
    LD 745

    Session – 128th Maine Legislature

    LR 456
    item 1

    An Act To Prohibit Female Genital Mutilation

    Be it enacted by the People of the State of Maine as follows:

    Sec. 1. 17-A MRSA §214 is enacted to read:

    § 214. Female genital mutilation of a minor

    „The person for nonmedical purposes circumcises, excises, mutilates or infibulates, in whole or in part, the labia majora, labia minora or clitoris of a female person under 18 years of age.“

    – damit ist FGM Typ Ia nicht erfasst und FGM Typ IV ebenso wenig.

    Warum versäumt Maine, die FGM Typ Ia oder Typ IV zu verbieten.

    Gefahr droht vielleicht auch durch die, wer weiß von wem, wer weiß wie, erklärte medizinische Begründung:

    „Under the provisions of the bill it is not a defense that the female person, or the parent, guardian or person who has immediate custody of the female person, consented to the procedure but it is a defense that the procedure was done for medical purposes.“

    – Islamic FGM („The procedure“) als kulturadäquat, also dem familiären (stammeskulturellen) Wohlgefühl oder dem interreligiösen amerikanischen Zusammenleben dienlich und damit irgendwie auch dem Kindeswohl? Das unbeschnittene Mädchen wird ja vielleicht ganz schlimm traurig, ist ihre FGM dann „aus medizinischen Gründen“ (for medical purposes) akzeptabel?

    Nach welchen Kritierien denn darf der Arzt (physician) entscheiden, ob die FGM (!) notwendig (necessary) ist?

    „It is a defense to prosecution under this section that the circumcision, excision, mutilation or infibulation was done for purposes related to the health of a female person under 18 years of age as determined to be necessary by a physician licensed pursuant to Title 32, chapter 36 or 48.“

    Ebenso die Zusammenfassung (SUMMARY),

    – wann bitte dient eine FGM an einem „weiblichen Menschen unter 18 Jahren“ (a female person under 18 years of age) „medical purposes, medizinischen Zielen“?

    Medizinische Gründe für eine FGM (!) gibt es nicht. Psychische Schädigungen durch eine unterlassene FGM sind stets geringer zu veranschlagen als die irreversible Zerstörung oder die Verletzung – also: die FGM (I, II, III, IV) darf nie stattfinden.

    Hoffentlich wird Maine, werden die gesamten USA den schariakonformen Gesundheitsbegriff, die islamische Medizin nicht integrieren, das islamische Verständnis von Heilsein, Gesundsein, etwa die berüchtigte Hurma (حُرْمَة ḥurma).

    https://www.mainelegislature.org/legis/bills/bills_128th/billtexts/HP052501.asp

    .

    Birgit Krawietz: Die ḥurma. Schariatrechtlicher Schutz vor Eingriffen in die körperliche Unversehrtheit nach arabischen Fatwas des 20. Jahrhunderts. Schriften zur Rechtstheorie Band 145. Berlin: Duncker & Humblot: 1991.

    http://booksandjournals.brillonline.com/content/journals/10.1163/1570060972597084

    .

    حُرْمَة
    ḥurma
    Hurma, abgeschnittene Teile des Geschlechtsorgans beschädigen das individuelle und den Missetätern abgehackte Hände oder Köpfe das allgemeine menschliche Heilsein gerade nicht, stellen vielmehr nach islamischer Doktrin die spezifisch islamische Gerechtigkeit erst her.

    https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A9

    .

  166. Edward von Roy und Gabi Schmidt Says:

    .

    NSS, die National Secular Society ist eine britische Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Säkularisierung bzw. Trennung von Religion und Staat. Sie ist Mitglied der IHEU, Internationalen Humanistischen und Ethischen Union (International Humanist and Ethical Union).

    Pseudo-Intaktivisten nennen weder die durch jede Zirkumzision verursachte Schädigung (Sorrells et al.: Fine-touch pressure thresholds in the adult penis; Frisch et al.: Male circumcision and sexual function in men and women: a survey-based, cross-sectional study in Denmark) noch wagen sie, die Pflichten der Scharia zurückzuweisen. Ganz schlimm die notorischen Islamverharmloser von der NSS, National Secular Society:

    .

    End non-consensual religious surgery

    – nein, wir wollen auch keine consensual religious surgery.

    „The NSS supports a person’s most fundamental right to grow up with an intact body and to make their own choices about permanent bodily modifications“

    – wie zufällig fehlt hier der Hinweis auf 18 (achtzehn) Jahre.

    „Children, and particularly young infants, are obviously incapable of giving consent to such medically unnecessary and harmful procedures.“

    – so geht das nicht, auch ein Erteilen der Zustimmung (giving consent) seitens des Kindes (Kind ist Mensch unter 18 Jahre) kommt nicht in Frage – denn auch das ist und bleibt FGM oder MGM.

    Warum wird das Gegenstück, die Ergänzung zu „Kinder“ (children) nicht als Erwachsener (adult) definiert, als mindestens achtzehn Jahre alt? Will die NSS den Juden das Beschneiden verbieten und den Muslimen erlauben? Schönwetter-atheistischer britischer Halachagegner und zugleich Schariafreund?

    Es geht immer weiter:

    „All forms of forced cutting on children’s genitals breach basic child safeguarding guidance“

    – da steht „aufgezwungene Beschneidung“ (forced cutting), so, als ob die Beschneidung bei Zustimmung des Kindes akzeptabel wäre.

    „Infant male circumcision or non-therapeutic excision of the foreskin (NTEF)“

    – achtzehn Jahre – fehlt.

    „The foreskin is a normal body part with physical, sexual and immunological functions. Surgically removing it from non-consenting children“

    – die Penisvorhaut ist das sensorische Äquivalent zur Klitoris (!), warum verschweigt die NSS das. Und auch hier wieder das:

    „Surgically removing it from non-consenting children“

    – so als gäbe es nach unserem Rechtssystem einwilligende Kinder, consenting children, die ausrufen dürfen: Ich will beschnitten werden. Die gibt es leider wirklich. Strebt die National Secular Society zum medizinethischen Standard der kenianischen Mau-Mau-Rebellen (Ngaitana – I will circumcise myself; FGM) oder der südafrikanischen Xhosa (Ndiyindoda – I am a man; MGM), versteckt sich die NSS, um die Beschneidungspflicht der Scharia nicht zurückweisen zu müssen, hinter der Floskel von der Genital Autonomy?

    „We are committed to the eradication of forced genital cutting of girls and women known as Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) in all its forms.“

    – aber nein, NSS, zwar ist FGM definiert (WHO) als Typ I, II, III, IV – warum schreibt ihr das nicht -, doch differenziert nicht zwischen zwangsweiser (forced) Beschneidung eines Mädchens und weiblicher Beschneidung auf Kindeswunsch bzw. bei dem Kind abgerungener Zustimmung.

    End non-consensual religious surgery – eine völlig ungeeignete Herangehensweise im gebotenen Kampf gegen die FGM oder MGM. Denn ob aufgezwungen oder bei dem Mädchen („Ngaitana!“) oder Jungen („Ndiyindoda!“) abgelisteter Zustimmung: FGM ist FGM. Und MGM ist MGM.

    End non-consensual religious surgery – Schluss auch mit consensual religious surgery. Ob Junge oder Mädchen: keine Beschneidung unter 18 (achtzehn) Jahren.

    Edward von Roy und Gabi Schmidt

    Q u e l l e

    https://www.secularism.org.uk/religious-surgery/

    .
    .

    04.03.2018
    05:43 – 4. März 2018

    nss
    Secularism UK
    ‏ @NatSecSoc

    No child should be subjected to unnecessary medical surgery. Join our campaign to end non-consensual religious surgery https://www.secularism.org.uk/religious-surgery/ … #circumcision #fgm #mgm

    [ consensual religious surgery – für NSS leider kein Problem ]

    _ttps://twitter.com/NatSecSoc/status/970293534787035137

    .

  167. Adriaan Broekhuizen Says:

    [ Marta Santos Pais – zehn Jahre später, 2015 ]

    Marta SANTOS PAIS, Special Representative of the Secretary-General on Violence against Children, said the new Sustainable Development Agenda had an ambitious and inspiring vision and concrete commitments [ bla bla bla ] (…)

    Ms. SANTOS PAIS said 2016 would be an important year for the early stages of the implementation of the 2030 Agenda. (…)

    The Committee also heard today from Marta Santos Pais, the Special Representative of the Secretary-General on Violence against Children, also briefed the Committee. Noting that the Sustainable Development Agenda included firm commitments towards eliminating violence against children, she said (…)

    Opening Debate on Children’s Rights, Officials Warn Third Committee of Disturbing Spike in Targeted Abductions, Recruitment by Armed Groups, Shuttered Schools | UN | 14.10.2015

    https://www.un.org/press/en/2015/gashc4135.doc.htm

    [ unicef: Children and Islam ]

    [ Marta Santos Pais – zehn Jahre früher, 2005 ]

    21.11.2005 – „Real and lasting change is possible,“ said Marta Santos Pais, director of UNICEF Innocenti Research Centre

    [ Real and lasting change = Karrieremachen für die einen, für die anderen sukzessive (schrittweise) Errichtung der Hakimiyya Allah: Kalifatwerdung ]

    „Real and lasting change is possible,“ said Marta Santos Pais, director of UNICEF Innocenti Research Centre, which Friday issued the report, Changing a Harmful Social Convention: Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting. „Change will happen when communities – including girls, boys, men and women – are empowered by knowledge to make choices that are healthy and empowering to individuals and societies.“

    Female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) is a traditional practice

    [Nein – nicht traditionell (traditional), der Chitan al-inath (Chitan al-banat; sunat perempuan, Khitan bagi wanita) ist verwirklichte himmlische Scharia, irdisch angewandter Islam.

    https://www.unicef.org/childrenandislam/events/changing_fgm_press.html

    ::

    SRSG-VAC
    UN Special Representative of the Secretary-General on Violence against Children, Marta Santos Pais.

    http://srsg.violenceagainstchildren.org/

    ::

    [ Und nicht vergessen: Hatabernichtsmitdemislamzutun ]

  168. Cees van der Duin Says:

    .

    [ Nimco Ali is co-founder of Daughters of Eve and a leading campaigner against FGM. Mitgründerin der ‚Töchter Evas‘ – Nimco Ali, die das Blaue vom Himmel herunter lügt, um die seltsame Sehnsucht der Europäer nach einem humanen u. v. a. frauenfreundlichen Islam zu befriedigen. ]

    .
    .

    „… FGM has nothing to do with Islam“

    ( Nimco Ali 24.04.2017 )

    Nimco Ali @NimkoAli
    Antwort an @CarolineLucas @SuzanneEvans1

    Can I disagree. Seeing #FGM has nothing to do with Islam and affects girls of all and no faith, it is just simple racist BS.
    12:56 – 24. Apr. 2017

    .

    ___ps://twitter.com/NimkoAli/status/856597811877609472

    .
    .

    Nimco Ali @NimkoAli

    Nimco Ali hat Anne Marie Waters retweetet

    Omg!! (…) as someone who has had Fgm and also able to read the Quran in its original text please trust me I know all about Fgm and it having no Religious context.

    [ Islam ist nicht Koranlektüre, sondern Schariagehorsam. ]

    ___ps://twitter.com/NimkoAli/status/930362964695232512

    .
    .

    „The practice of FGM is a harmful custom that is not advocated in any holy script.“

    [ Daughters of Eve ]

    _ttp://www.dofeve.org/religion-and-fgm.html

    _ttp://www.dofeve.org/about-fgm.html

    .
    .

    FGM is not recommended by any religion or in any religious texts. It is not religious

    [ Daughters of Eve ]

    http://www.dofeve.org/about-fgm.html

    .

  169. STOP paving the way for Islamic FGM Says:

    STOP it now!

    STOP Sieviešu apgraizīšana (FGM)
    Женское обрезание (FGM)
    Mergaičių apipjaustymas (FGM)
    Moterų apipjaustyma (FGM)
    Ακρωτηριασμός γυναικείων γεννητικών οργάνων (FGM)
    kadın sünneti (KGM)
    kadın genital mutilasyon (KGM)

    .
    .

    Reconciling female genital circumcision with universal human rights

    John‐Stewart Gordon

    Developing World Bioethics (forthcoming)

    „One of the most challenging issues in cross-cultural bioethics concerns the long-standing socio-cultural practice of female genital circumcision, which is prevalent in many African countries and the Middle East as well as in some Asian and Western countries. It is commonly assumed that FGC, in all its versions, constitutes a gross violation of the universal human rights of health, physical integrity, and individual autonomy and hence should be abolished. This article, however, suggests a mediating approach according to which one form of FGC, the removal of the clitoris foreskin [ FGM Type Ia = Mergaičių apipjaustymas = Moterų apipjaustyma = FGM ], can be made compatible with the high demands of universal human rights. The argument presupposes the idea that human rights are not absolutist by nature but can be framed in a meaningful, culturally sensitive way. It proposes important limiting conditions that must be met for the practice of FGC to be considered in accordance with the human rights agenda.“

    ( Abstract )

    https://philpapers.org/rec/GORRFG

    .

    John-Stewart Gordon, Jahrgang 1976 (Westerland auf Sylt), Studium der Philosophie und Geschichte an der Universität Konstanz (1996-2001), Wissenschaftlicher Mitarbeiter am Interfakultären Zentrum für Ethik in den Wissenschaften (IZEW) an der Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen (2004), Promotion im Fach Philosophie an der Georg-August-Universität Göttingen (2005), Wissenschaftlicher Mitarbeiter an der Abteilung für Medizinische Ethik und Geschichte der Medizin der Ruhr-Universität Bochum (2006), Visiting Professor für Philosophie an der Queen’s University Kingston, Canada (2009).

    https://www.herder.de/autoren/g/john-stewart-gordon/

    .

    „(…) He is full professor and Head of the Research Cluster for Applied Ethics at Vytautas Magnus University in Kaunas, Lithuania. From 2010-2016, he was Co-director of the Hans Jonas-Institute at the University of Siegen, Germany. Furthermore, he is member of the board of Bioethics since 2007, general editor of the newly established book series Philosophy and Human Rights at Brill, and he has been area-editor and board member of the Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy (2007-2014). (…) He taught philosophy and bioethics at several universities in Germany, Canada, and Lithuania. His current research project on moral expertise is funded by the Straniak Foundation and enables him to conduct his research at the Uehiro Centre for Practical Ethics at the University of Oxford (9-11.2017), the Centre for Ethics at the University of Toronto (1-4.2018), and at An Foras Feasa at Maynooth University (7-9.2018).“

    _ttps://www.practicalethics.ox.ac.uk/people/professor-john-stewart-gordon

    .

    Straniak Philosophiepreis – Stiftung
    straniak.com/

    [ Die Hermann und Marianne Straniak Stiftung hat sich zum Ziel gesetzt, eine Synthese zwischen westlichem und östlichem (europäischem und asiatischem) Gedankengut zu schaffen. ]

    „Der Stiftungszweck nach Art. 5 der Gründungsurkunde umfasst im Wesentlichen:

    Förderung der Bemühungen zur Verbindung des philosophischen Gedankengutes der östlichen (asiatischen) mit dem der abendländischen (westlichen) Welt mit dem Ziel, aus der Verbindung dieses Gedankengutes eine Synthese zu schaffen. Förderung der Ziele und Gedanken, die in der europäischen Menschenrechtskonvention niedergelegt sind, insbesondere der Bewertung der geistigen Freiheit für den einzelnen Menschen.

    Neben der Förderung allgemeiner humanitärer Bestrebungen unterstützt die Stiftung ausserdem bedürftige, betagte Personen im Kanton Obwalden.“

    http://straniak.com/

    .

  170. Edward von Roy Says:

    .

    Manchester – Mutter erhält Verbot, mit ihrer Tochter (1), nach Indien auszureisen

    Im Sommer wird das Kind wird 2 Jahre alt. Es geht um das jüngste Mädchen der Familie, die insgesamt vier Töchter hat. Nach Aussagen von Sozialarbeitern seien die drei älteren Schwestern bereits in Indien beschnitten (d. i. genital verstümmelt, FGM) worden. Richter Robert Jordan erkennt die Auswirkung von „religiösem und kulturellem Druck (As a consequence of religious and cultural pressure).

    .

    Girl at risk of FGM as cultural pressure overrides mother’s instinct – judge

    Guernsey Press 05.03.2018

    https://guernseypress.com/news/uk-news/2018/03/05/girl-at-risk-of-fgm-as-cultural-pressure-overrides-mothers-instinct–judge/

    .

    Girl at risk of FGM as cultural pressure overrides mother’s instinct – judge

    News&Star

    http://www.newsandstar.co.uk/news/national/article/Girl-at-risk-of-FGM-as-cultural-pressure-overrides-mothers-instinct-judge-08187776-9c44-4b14-a004-c900d30f4152-ds

    .

  171. Jacques Auvergne Says:

    ::

    Nulltoleranz gegenüber der FGM. Doch bitte keine Beschwörung von Brutpflegetrieb oder mütterlichem Instinkt

    Manchester 2018 – der FGM-Strafprozess in Bristol ist erst unlängst aus Unbeweisbarkeit zusammengebrochen – die Sache mit den „mütterlichen Instinkten“ hätte der Richter sich sparen sollen, stattdessen ggf. schiitischer Islam sagen sollen, Dawoodi Bohra.

    Immerhin hat es heute bei New-Delhi-TV das Wort „religiös“ in den Untertitel geschafft.

    Innerhalb des Richterzitats lasen wir nacheinander:

    – kultureller Druck
    – religiöser und kultureller Druck
    – kultureller Druck

    cultural pressure
    religious and cultural pressure
    cultural pressure

    Nun zum „Mutterinstinkt“ – haben Männer eigentlich keinen entsprechenden kinderschützerischen Instinkt, was ist mit dem Vaterinstinkt der Herren Mufaddal (The Syedna) oder Qaasim Illi?

    Das wenig wissenschaftliche Brutpflegetrieb- oder jedenfalls Instinktbeschwören muss wohl auch deshalb argumentativ scheitern, weil jedes zweite Kleinkind männlich ist. Richter Robert Jordan wird vermutlich nicht wagen, allen AAP-seits fehlgeleiteten US-amerikanischen oder den immer noch allermeisten jüdischen Müttern zu sagen: ‚Der religiöse und kulturelle Gruppendruck hat euch die angeborene Mutterliebe überwältigt.‘

    Alle Eltern lieben ihre Kinder – und beschneiden sie trotzdem. Die Genitalbeschneidung muss überall weg, auch die männliche.

    Dass Judge (Richter) Jordan den erheblichen Guppenzwang zur FGM zur Sprache bringt, ist zweckmäßig.

    Halbwegs erfreulich ist, dass in den Pressetexten zu Manchester indirekt jede sogenannte Beschneidung, also auch eine FGM Typ Ia oder IV als Verstümmelung (mutilation) klassifiziert wird – doch hier muss stets Eindeutigkeit her (see: WHO Classification).

    ::

    British-Indian Family Banned From Taking Baby Girl To India For Circumcision | (A judge at Manchester County and Family Court ruled yesterday that the child, who will turn two this year, is at risk because religious and cultural pressure had overridden her mother’s „maternal instinct“.) | Indians Abroad | Press Trust of India | NDTV New Delhi Television | 06.03.2018

    https://www.ndtv.com/indians-abroad/british-indian-family-banned-from-taking-baby-girl-to-india-for-circumcision-1820467

    ::

  172. Adriaan Broekhuizen Says:

    „It has nothing to do with religion.“ Die FGM habe mit dem Islam „nichts zu tun“

    Bastelt sich einen schönen Islam: Zeenat Shaukat Ali (2016).

    .

    (Und bastelt 2018 weiter.)

    ‚I was crying with unbearable pain‘: study reveals extent of FGM in India. By Angel L Martínez Cantera in Mumbai (Research shows 75% incidence of female genital mutilation in Bohra Muslim community, despite government claim there is no evidence of the practice.) The Guardian 06.03.2018.

    [ Dr. Zeenat Shaukat Ali, Professorin für Islamic Studies am St Xavier’s College in Mumbai, erzählt uns, dass die FGM „Keine Grundlagen im Islam hat und nur (ggf. meint sie: innerhalb von Indien) bei den Dawudi Bohra durchgeführt werde (dürfte falsch sein*). Alle Bohra beschneiden (Jungen und Mädchen), nicht nur die Dawoodi Bohra – alle Schafiiten beschneiden die Mädchen, keine sunnitische Madhhab lehnt die FGM ab. ]

    https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2018/mar/06/study-reveals-fgm-india-female-genital-mutilation

    * Schafiiten u. a.:
    Malediven, Sri Lanka und die indische Westküste
    Maldives, Sri Lanka, western coast of Indian peninsula

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shafi%E2%80%98i#Demographics

    ::

    Dr Zeenat Shaukat Ali, a professor of Islamic Studies at St Xavier’s College, in Mumbai, told Al Jazeera that the practice had nothing to do with religion.

    [ Islam = Lebensführung und Recht (Justiz) nach ‚Koran und Sunna‘, also nach Sure und Hadith (plus Sira) – und im genau in den Hadithen steht sie, die Islamic FGM (chitan al-inath). Von Hidschab bis Kinderehe, von Kalifat bis Steinigung, man kann nicht sagen: Steht nicht im Koran, also ist es nicht islamisch. ]

    „Nowhere is it mentioned in the Quran, it is a ‚tradition‘. It has nothing to do with religion. We always have this tendency to confuse religion and culture,“ she said.

    [ Damit wäre die Scharia bzw. der Fiqh Teil der Kultur und nicht Teil des Islam … so ein Unsinn. Einen Islam ohne Ulama-Rat und Fatwa-Behörde gibt es nicht … und diese islamischen Autoritäten verfassen – heute – Verhaltensvorschriften, Rechtsgutachten und Paragraphen aus den mehr als tausend Jahre alten Koransuren und Hadithversen. ]

    Fighting female genital mutilation among India’s Bohra. (FGM: girl-children of Dawoodi Bohra sect are the only Muslim women in India systematically and forcefully mutilated.) By Sophie Cousins, Al Jazeera 07.03.2016

    https://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/2016/02/fighting-female-genital-mutilation-india-bohra-160225093408129.html

  173. Jeremy Clifford Says:

    Should (male or female) circumcision be banned? Yes! No Disease, No Treatment! No Surgery to correct what is normal and healthy! Foreskin (male or female) isn’t a birthdefect!

  174. Jacques Auvergne Says:

    (…)

    DIE ZEIT: Ein Rechtsstaat muss es aushalten können, wenn das Rechtsempfinden der Bevölkerung in Einzelfällen anders ist als die Rechtsprechung?

    Katarina Barley: Ja. Das muss ein Rechtsstaat aushalten. Das passiert permanent. Zum Beispiel werden im Bereich sexueller Straftaten Strafen selten als hoch genug empfunden.

    DIE ZEIT: Ein anderes Thema, das zum wiederholten Male diskutiert wird, ist die Beschneidung (siehe Seite 9). Island hat sie untersagt [naja, das wäre schön! Hoffentlich möglichst bald … und zwar als das kinderrechtlich gebotene: Ob Junge oder Mächen: Keine Beschneidung unter achtzehn Jahren!], andere europäische Länder denken über ein Verbot nach, weil sie ein Eingriff in die körperliche Unversehrtheit ist und weil man Beschneidungen bei männlichen Säuglingen schwer rechtfertigen kann, wenn man sie bei Mädchen verbieten will.

    Katarina Barley: Die weibliche Genitalverstümmelung ist immer ein massiver Eingriff, der nicht selten den Tod und häufig lebenslange Schmerzen und psychologische Traumata nach sich zieht. Zudem ist es juristisch so, dass die weibliche Beschneidung zumeist kulturell begründet ist und nicht religiös. Es geht hier also nicht um Religionsfreiheit.

    [ Katarina Barley hat vom Islam keine Ahnung – FGM ist sehr islamisch – kein Islam ohne FGM ]

    DIE ZEIT: Wenn man die Beschneidung wie bei Jungen religiös begründen würde, wäre sie erlaubt?

    Katarina Barley: Ich kann verstehen, dass es reizvoll ist, mich da festklopfen zu wollen, aber das ist eine theoretische Frage …

    DIE ZEIT: … so theoretisch nicht!

    Katarina Barley: Wir haben in Deutschland in diesem Fall eine klare Gesetzeslage.

    [ Der schlecht gebastelte § 226a StGB verbietet weder FGM Typ Ia noch FGM Typ IV – das sollte Barley wissen, bedauern, verändern. ]

    DIE ZEIT: Bei Jungen deckt für Sie die Religionsfreiheit den Eingriff in die körperliche Unversehrtheit?

    Katarina Barley: So haben es Gerichte und der Gesetzgeber entschieden.

    DIE ZEIT: Sie haben eingangs gesagt, der Rechtsstaat sei unter Druck geraten. Wo können oder müssen Sie da ganz konkret einschreiten?

    (…)

    Interview | 22. März 2018 | Person Dr. Katarina Barley | „Da passiert etwas im Hirn“ | (Die neue Justizministerin Katarina Barley (SPD) über Geschlechterbilder, ihr künftiges Ringen mit dem Innenminister, den Islam in Deutschland und die Frage, ob Werbung für Schwangerschaftsabbrüche erlaubt werden soll) | Interviewpartnerin: Katarina Barley | Autoren: Tina Hildebrandt und Martin Klingst | Medium: Die Zeit | bmjv | 22.03.2018

    http://www.bmjv.de/SharedDocs/Interviews/DE/2018/Print/032218_zeit.html

    ::
    ::

    ZEIT: Ein anderes Thema, das zum wiederholten Male diskutiert wird, ist die Beschneidung. Island hat sie untersagt [nein. Leider noch nicht – und nur auf die Altersgrenze „Keine Beschneidung unter 18“ käme es an], andere europäische Länder denken über ein Verbot nach, weil sie ein Eingriff in die körperliche Unversehrtheit ist und weil man Beschneidungen bei männlichen Säuglingen schwer rechtfertigen kann, wenn man sie bei Mädchen verbieten will.

    Barley: Die weibliche Genitalverstümmelung ist immer ein massiver Eingriff, der nicht selten den Tod und häufig lebenslange Schmerzen und psychologische Traumata nach sich zieht. Zudem ist es juristisch so, dass die weibliche Beschneidung zumeist kulturell begründet ist und nicht religiös. Es geht hier also nicht um Religionsfreiheit.

    ZEIT: Wenn man die Beschneidung wie bei Jungen religiös begründen würde, wäre sie erlaubt?

    Barley: Ich kann verstehen, dass es reizvoll ist, mich da festklopfen zu wollen, aber das ist eine theoretische Frage …

    ZEIT: … so theoretisch nicht!

    Barley: Wir haben in Deutschland in diesem Fall eine klare Gesetzeslage.

    ZEIT: Bei Jungen deckt für Sie die Religionsfreiheit den Eingriff in die körperliche Unversehrtheit?

    Barley: So haben es Gerichte und der Gesetzgeber entschieden.

    Katarina Barley: „Der Staat setzt das Recht. Punkt.“ | ZEIT ONLINE

    http://www.zeit.de/2018/13/katarina-barley-spd-justizministerin-interview/komplettansicht

    .

  175. Edward von Roy Says:

    .
    .

    Ministerin Katarina Barley (SPD) kann wissen: die FGM ist, auch, ein sehr islamisches Problem

    Mindestens schafiitisch (Fiqh nach Imam asch-Schafii), möglicherweise auch hanbalitisch schreibt der sunnitische Islam die weibliche Genitalverstümmelung als zwingende religiöse Pflicht vor (wāǧib (واجب), wadschib, anglisiert wajib; Synonym: farḍ (فرض), zu: farīḍa, Religionspflicht). Die islamische Mädchenbeschneidung heißt Chitan al-inath, ḫitān al-ināṯ (ختان الإناث) oder Chatna (ختنة) ḫatna, indonesisch und malaiisch: sunat perempuan bzw. sunat pada wanita, ferner sagt man ḫifāḍ bzw. ḫafḍ, wörtl. Einsenken oder Herabtiefen, oder auch: ḫitān al-banāt, wörtlich Beschneidung der Töchter oder der Mädchen ((البنات), Tochter ist bint (بنت). Doch gibt Islamic FGM auch bei manchen Schiiten, beispielsweise bei der eher kleinen Strömung der siebener-schiitischen Dawudi Bohra (anglis. Dawoodi Bohra), das sind etwa eine Million Menschen hauptsächlich in der westlichen indischen Provinz Gujarat und der pakistanischen Stadt Karatschi, ferner in Nairobi und Mombasa, Kenia, auf Bali in Indonesien sowie in Australien und den USA. Zum Vergleich: in Indonesien leben 260 Millionen Menschen, davon 225 Millionen überwiegend vom Fiqh nach Imam asch-Schafii geprägte Muslime. Auch die Kurden, soweit sunnitisch, folgen der schafiitischen Madhhab und entsprechend kennt Kurdistan die islamisch begründete weibliche Genitalverstümmelung. Und während nur die Schafiiten gleichsam zwischen Jungen und Mädchen nicht unterscheiden und männliche wie weibliche Beschneidung zur religiösen Pflicht erklären, so befürworten alle vier sunnitischen Rechtsschulen die Beschneidung von Frauen; den Malikiten gilt die FGM als Prophetentradition (Sunna) und damit als empfehlenswert, für die Hanafiten wie auch für manche Hanbaliten ist sie edel, ehrenwert (makruma; honourable action, meritorious, noble deed).

    USA 2017 und 2018

    Erstmals in der Geschichte der USA begann im April 2017 ein Strafprozess nach 18 USC 116 (female genital mutilation), nachdem in Detroit, Michigan, die Ärztin Dr. Jumana Nagarwala sowie die Eheleute Attar angezeigt worden sind. Die drei Beschuldigten sind Angehörige der schiitischen Dawudi Bohra.

    Katarina Barley und die FGM

    Ob unsere neue Justizministerin zu der (schariakompatiblen) Auffassung käme, dass eine FGM Typ Ia oder FGM Typ IV durch das Grundgesetz gedeckt sei, sofern nur diese Genitalverstümmelung sich durch die Religion begründen lässt, hier durch den Islam?

    Warum eigentlich sind Katarina Barley die Jungen und Männer weniger wert? Auch die Jungenbeschneidung, die männliche „Genitalverstümmelung ist immer ein massiver Eingriff, der nicht selten den Tod und häufig lebenslange Schmerzen und psychologische Traumata nach sich zieht.“ Die Grund- und Freiheitsrechte des Individuums betreffend, hat das Grundgesetz und hat auch Frau Barley zwischen Frau und Mann, zwischen Mädchen und Junge nicht zu differenzieren.

    Warum bekennt sich die Justizministerin nicht zum Beibehalten der WHO-Kategorisierung weiblicher Genitalverstümmelung, welche FGM definiert als Typ I, II, III, IV?

    Wird die Bundesrepublik Deutschland während der Amtszeit dieser Justizministerin die Legalisierung (im Sinne von Straffreistellung) der Chatna (chitan al-inath, sunat perempuan) erleben, mindestens als die sogenannte milde Sunna? Solches ist zu verhindern. Jede Form von FGM (I, II, III, IV) gehört verboten – überall auf der Welt.

    Edward von Roy, Diplom-Sozialpädagoge (FH)

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    .

  176. Ja til aldersgrense 18 år Says:

    ::

    Ja til aldersgrense for omskjæring av gutter.

    „Dette er ikke noe som skal tvinges på babyer, det må være opp til den enkelte å ta beslutningen selv, når han er gammel nok (18 år) til å ta et selvstendig valg.“

    ( Christ Svendsen )

    http://www.verdidebatt.no/innlegg/11685728-ja-til-aldersgrense-for-omskjaering-av-gutter?side=1

    ::

  177. Edward von Roy Says:

    „If khatna is a crime, why is the Indian government not enforcing the law?“
    „It’s time to enforce the law“
    ( WeSpeakOut @SpeakoutonFGM )

    .
    .

    Female genital mutilation already a crime under IPC, Centre tells apex court

    by: Dhananjay Mahapatra | TNN |
    THE TIMES OF INDIA | 21.04.2018

    NEW DELHI: The Centre told the Supreme Court on Friday that female genital mutilation (FGM), prevalent among the Dawoodi Bohra community in India, is a penal offence under the IPC and the POCSO Act.

    Responding to a PIL by advocate and social activist Sunita Tiwari seeking a ban on on this practice and making it a cognisable offence warranting arrest, the Centre told a bench of Chief Justice Dipak Misra and Justices A M Khanwilkar and D Y Chandrachud, “FGM is already a penal offence under several provisions of IPC and POCSO Act and these sections could be invoked to prosecute those who indulge in FGM.” (…)

    https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/female-genital-mutilation-already-a-crime-under-ipc-centre-tells-apex-court/articleshow/63852652.cms

    .
    .

    The Narendra Modi government has told the #SupremeCourt that the practice of #FemaleGenitalMutilation #FGM is a crime under existing laws. This has come as a shock and surprise to the [Shia Muslim] Dawoodi Bohra community which has been practicing this [Islamic] ritual for ages.

    21.04.2018

    ___s://twitter.com/News622472912/status/987909859709349888

    .
    .

    LiveLaw.in
    Live Law – Legal news india, Law Firms News, Law School News

    by: Mehal Jain 20.04.2018

    Centre Urges SC To Issue Directions To Curb Female Genital Mutilation In India

    In the course of the hearing of a PIL seeking a ban on the practice of female genital mutilation (FGM), Attorney General KK Venugopal pressed before the Supreme Court bench of Chief Justice Dipak Misra, Justice DY Chandrachud and Justice AM Khanwilka (…)

    It may be noted that sections 319 to 326 of the IPC deal with the offences of ‘voluntarily causing hurt’ and ‘grievous hurt’ (…)

    http://www.livelaw.in/centre-urges-sc-issue-directions-curb-female-genital-mutilation-india/

    .
    .

    WeSpeakOut
    ‏@SpeakoutonFGM

    If khatna is a crime, why is the Indian government not enforcing the law? #endfgminindia @narendramodi

    _ttps://twitter.com/SpeakoutonFGM/status/987911577876623360

    .

    .

    It’s time to enforce the law

    _ttps://twitter.com/SpeakoutonFGM/status/988056834178146304

    .

    .

  178. Cees van der Duin Says:

    __

    „The first ever Pan-African Youth Summit … the movement to end FGM“

    __
    __

    Asenath Mwithigah @amwithigah

    #YouthEndFGM
    This week on 25th & 26th April 2018, the First Ever Pan African Youth #EndFGM Summit will be held at the Crown Hotel, in Nairobi, Kenya.

    17 Countries will be represented!

    _ttps://twitter.com/amwithigah/status/988404487764164608

    .

    .
    .

    First Pan-African Youth Summit – Nairobi, April 2018 | The Girl Generation

    25.04.2018 – The Girl Generation is pleased to announce the first ever Pan-African Youth Summit to be held in Nairobi on 25th – 26th April 2018. The Youth #EndFGM2018 Summit will bring together young people from across the continent and the diaspora – placing them at the centre of the movement to end FGM

    in English

    Klicke, um auf End%20FGM%20Youth%20Summit%20Concept%20Note_March2018.pdf zuzugreifen

    in French

    Klicke, um auf French_End%20FGM%20Youth%20Summit%20Concept%20Note_March2018.pdf zuzugreifen

    in Arabic
    ختان اﻹناث = FGM

    Klicke, um auf Arabic_End%20FGM%20Youth%20Summit%20Concept%20Note_March2018.pdf zuzugreifen

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    .

  179. Jacques Auvergne Says:

    .

    „Haben Sie gewusst, dass unsere Chatna gar keine FGM ist?“

    “Did you know that khatna is not mutilation?”

    Ein neuer Fragebogen der Pro-FGM-Lobby Dawoodi Bohra Women for Religious Freedom (DBWRF) verlangt von jeder Teilnehmerin die Preisgabe der sogenannten ITS number, das ist die persönliche Identifizierung jedes Angehörigen der schiitischen Glaubensgemeinschaft.

    Die ITS-Nummer enthält persönlichste Informationen, etwa auch, wie häufig die Moschee besucht worden ist.

    Das offensichtlich Ziel ist, die bisherigen, FGM-kritisch ausgerichteten Studien unglaubwürdig zu machen sowie FGM-Kritikerinnen einzuschüchtern und zum Schweigen zu bringen.

    Mehr dazu hier:

    Dawoodi Bohra survey sets alarm bells ringing

    By Linah Baliga, Mumbai Mirror
    Updated: May 8, 2018, 04.37 AM IST

    https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/mumbai/other/dawoodi-bohra-survey-sets-alarm-bells-ringing/articleshow/64071228.cms

    .

    Auch dazu informieren die mutigen Frauen von SAHIYO:

    Sahiyo
    Gestern um 00:07 ·

    By asking for the ITS numbers of respondents, this survey on Female Genital Cutting in the Bohra community is inherently biased and leaves no room for confidentiality.

    _ttps://de-de.facebook.com/SahiyoBohras/posts/598793040457265

    .

    https://de-de.facebook.com/SahiyoBohras/posts/598793040457265

    ___

    Dawoodi Bohra Women for Religious Freedom hetzt gegen die FGM-Gegner von SAHIYO

    „Just like all its activities, Sahiyo has once again tried to misrepresent us and defame our religious and cultural practices.“

    DBWRF @dbwrf 07:39 – 19. Apr. 2018

    _ttps://twitter.com/dbwrf/status/986977689088221185

    What is your opinion on Speak Out On FGM and Sahiyo, who are campaigning against the practice of female circumcision in the Dawoodi Bohra community in India?

    (…)

    Ein Blick auf die Homepage der Lobby für Khatna, Islamic FGM

    • What is female circumcision?

    Female circumcision and female genital mutilation (FGM) have often been confused. They are both completely different things. (…)

    • Is female circumcision not FGM?

    We do not accept that female circumcision is a mutilation. It is a harmless procedure and as such should not be termed FGM. (…)

    • Why is it done without informed consent of the girl?

    Like male circumcision and many other things that parents do for the good of their child, this procedure is meant to be done, by definition, pre-puberty. Both male and female circumcision are a rite of passage. It is foolhardy to postpone the rites of childhood into adulthood. It defeats the purpose for which it was set out, that the child’s body growing accustomed to the circumcision, in which the pain is long forgotten, the body has healed and there is no psychological impact.

    We all have social and psychological identities as much as physical ones. All cultural procedures need to be looked at holistically and in the context of their culture and religion.

    _ttps://dbwrf.org/faq

    .
    .

    SAHIYO – United Against Female Genital Cutting

    „To bring an end to the practice of female circumcision / khatna, which has been recognised as a human rights violation by WHO, UNFPA and UNICEF.“

    .

  180. Edward von Roy Says:

    __

    Ein wichtiger Intaktivist und Fürsprecher der Menschenrechte lebt im sonnigen Kalifornien: Joseph Lewis, der Betreiber des Blogs Joseph4GI

    Joseph Lewis @Joseph4GI

    “#FGM and male circ aren’t the same; FGM doesn’t have med benefits.”
    “Would you be in favor of it if it did?”
    “FGM destroys sex and orgasm.”
    “Would you support it if it didn’t?”
    “The research says it does.”
    “What if it said otherwise?”
    “Publishing it would be unethical.” 🙄 #i2
    08:07 – 12. Mai 2018

    _ttps://twitter.com/Joseph4GI/status/995319683145285632

    __
    __

    Joseph Lewis @Joseph4GI

    “#FGM is not a legit religious practice; not in the Koran.”
    “Male circ isn’t either.”
    “It’s in Torah.”
    “FGM is in Hadith.”
    “That doesn’t count.”
    “Male circ as mitzvah does not appear in first manuscripts of Torah.”
    “Goy, don’t tell me how to practice my religion.” 🙄 #i2
    08:18 – 12. Mai 2018

    _ttps://twitter.com/Joseph4GI/status/995322287489347585

    __

  181. Jacques Auvergne Says:

    ::

    21.05.2018 – New Report on FGM in Britain at the House of Commons: FGM Legislation in Britain: “A National Scandal”

    [ Quilliam International is excited to announce [ their ] (…) report, titled FGM Legislation in Britain: “A National Scandal”, authored by Researcher and Media Strategist, Muna Adil, which Quilliam have produced in association with the AHA Foundation in the US. The report highlights the dire situation of FGM conviction rates in the UK and aims to act as a catalyst for proactive action on implementing FGM laws in Britain. ]

    ::

    Muna Adil [ studierte Philosophie, erlangte einen Mastertitel für Journalismus, forscht in Sachen „progressive Islam-Reform“ … ]

    „Her research interests include progressive Islamic reform with a focus on the philosophical underpinnings of Islamic thought. She also holds a special interest in the rights of women and minorities in Muslim-majority nations.“ [ Muna Adil kann wissen: unter Islamischen Recht haben muslimische Frauen das Recht auf Gehorsam, die Dhimmis sind im Islamstaat halbe Sklaven und zahlen Dschizya, Kopfsteuer. Islamreform nach Ahmad ibn Hanbal (st. 855) oder Imam al-Ghazali (st. 1111) gibt es nicht. ]

    _ttps://www.quilliaminternational.com/about/staff/muna-adil/

    ::

    Rotherham child sexual exploitation scandal

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotherham_child_sexual_exploitation_scandal

    Sarah Champion (politician)

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarah_Champion_(politician)

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarah_Champion_(politician)#Rotherham_child_sexual_exploitation_scandal

    by: Muna Adil @munazainab : „(…) I’ll be launching my new report – #FGM Legislation in Britain: „A National Scandal“ – at the @HouseofCommons, graciously hosted by [ Sarah Champion ] @SarahChampionMP on Monday the 21st. RSVP to [ Quilliam Foundation ] (…) quilliaminternational to reserve a place!“

    _ttps://twitter.com/munazainab/status/996129121641095169

    Quilliam Foundation [ arge Verharmloser der Scharia ]

    https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quilliam_Foundation

    ::
    ::

    Female Genital Mutilation:Written question – 71889

    To ask the Secretary of State for the Home Department, what steps the Government is taking to prevent female genital mutilation.

    https://www.parliament.uk/business/publications/written-questions-answers-statements/written-question/Commons/2017-04-25/71889/

    ::

    Quilliam to Present New Report on FGM in Britain at the House of Commons

    Quilliam International is excited to announce that we will be launching our report, titled FGM Legislation in Britain: “A National Scandal”, authored by Researcher and Media Strategist, Muna Adil, which Quilliam have produced in association with the AHA Foundation in the US. The report highlights the dire situation of FGM conviction rates in the UK and aims to act as a catalyst for proactive action on implementing FGM laws in Britain.

    MP Sarah Champion will be graciously hosting our launch event at the House of Commons, on Monday the 21st May from 18:00-19:30.

    https://policy.dfns.net/2018/05/14/quilliam-to-present-new-report-on-fgm-in-britain-at-the-house-of-commons/

    ::

  182. 1+1=2 Says:

    Don`t associate it with Islam!

    Rashid Ali Omar trägt eine blassgelb-weiße Brokatkappe und hält in der Rechten einen hellgrünen Kugelschreiber: „Female circumcision … and female genital mutilation (…) to the extreme … is never that. It is not allowed at all. (…) the circumcision of women is not allowed in Islam.

    Der Deputy Kadhi schämt sich nicht, diese Unwahrheit zu sagen.

    Um sich herauszureden, bringt er sogleich das Beispiel von Mohammeds Töchtern, die (ggf.) nicht beschnitten wurden; und in der Tat gibt es keinen Hadith zu einer FGM der Prophetentöchter.

    Auch die zweite und dritte Generation der Muslime habe niemals Mädchen beschnitten, meint Kenias Qadi-Stellvertreter (1:05 min).

    to circumcize (…) women (…) don`t associate it with Islam.

    „Im Übermaß“ gehe gar nicht: „TO THE EXTREME“ sei islamisch sehr unerwünscht? Und wenn sie nicht übermäßig ist, die weibliche Beschneidung (wir sagen FGM), sondern sozusagen maßvoll?

    Männer müssen beschnitten werden, so donnert der Zweite Kadi, das sei erwiesenermaßen besser für die Gesundheit und keinesfalls als Verstümmelung (mutilation) zu bezeichnen:

    „And you can not call it mutilation!“ (1:15) „for men: it is actually a healthy practice to circumcize men.“ (1:25)

    Auch die männliche Beschneidung it Genitalverstümmelung. Hat der Deputy Kadhi damit indirekt definiert, dass jede der MGM im Ausmaß vergleichbare weibliche „Beschneidung“ eigentlich ebenfalls nicht als Verstümmelung anzusehen sei?

    1:57 „the cultural laws“, nanu, er redete ja über das Islamische Recht – meint er mit „die kulturellen Rechte“ die islamischen Muamalat, die zwischenmenschlichen Beziehungen nach Koran und Sunna? Was, wenn die FGC, wie das verpflichtende Gebet, zu den Ibadat gehört, zu den Pflichten Gott gegenüber? Vgl. die Pressekonferenz von MUI, ein indonesischer Sprecher verstand sunat perempuan (chatna) als Ibada. Ggf. stellt die Beschneidung – schafiitisch auch die weibliche – die Gebetsreinheit her …

    2:01 min, es folgt der zweite Redner. Der augenscheinlich etwas jüngere Muslim, trägt eine gehäkelte, rein weiße Gebetskappe: „Wir müssen differenzieren zwischen Kultur und religiöser Praxis.“

    Ab 2:20

    „there are two words (…) to take caution about. There is this issue of (…) circumcision [male or male and female?] – and mutilation. And this are two differents words. I don`t think it is wise to [sinngemäß: to mingle, mix?] them together. (…) When we talk about mutilation, – this is something very criminal, it is not allowed anywhere [oder: anyway?]-, but some cultures, some communities practice it. It is wrong.

    Hat der zweite Herr jetzt nur Jungenbeschneidung von FGM (von uns nur im Sinne der WHO zu verstehen als Typ I, II, III, IV) abgegrenzt, als er „circumcision (…) – and mutilation. And this are two differents words.“ sagte? Oder gibt es für ihn eine weibliche Zirkumzision, die keine Verstümmelung ist?

    .

    .

  183. from Sheffield Says:

    Breaking the cycle: Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) awareness & prevention

    .

    Breaking the Cycle

    Despite being illegal in the UK since 1985, there has been no successful prosecution on Female Genital Mutilation (FGM), we must unite to break the cycle.

    Join us at a free event hosted by the Helena Kennedy Centre for International Justice for an evening of discussion and debate on issues surrounding FGM.

    The evening will engage NGOs, students, police representatives, nurses, teachers and other interested parties on FGM awareness, ways to support prevention initiatives, safeguarding, legal obligations and the duty to report. Open to all.

    Where?
    Stoddart Building, City Campus, Sheffield Hallam University
    Rooms 7138 & 7139

    Agenda:
    17.45
    Tea and coffee refreshments
    18.00
    Welcome and introduction by the Helena Kennedy Centre for International Justice
    18.15
    Speaker one – Ashiana Sheffield
    18.35
    Speaker two – NHS Sheffield
    18:55
    Speaker 3 – South Yorkshire Police
    19:15
    Q&A/panel discussion
    20.00

    Open to all, we hope to see you there.

    _ttps://www.facebook.com/events/185895908700002/

    .
    .

    SHU HKC
    LawCrim @SHULawCrim

    Breaking the cycle: Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) awareness & prevention

    by Helena Kennedy Centre for International Justice

    _ttps://twitter.com/SHULawCrim/status/996679610728316928

    Breaking the cycle: Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) awareness & prevention

    at Rooms 7138 & 7139, Stoddart Building

    City Campus Sheffield Hallam University , Sheffield, S1 1WB, United Kingdom

    https://www.eventbrite.co.uk/e/breaking-the-cycle-female-genital-mutilation-fgm-awareness-prevention-tickets-44605824221

    .
    .

    About Ashiana

    Ashiana Sheffield has over 30 years’ experience working with Black, Asian, Minority Ethnic and Refugee (BAMER) adults, children and young people fleeing domestic and sexual abuse including forced marriage, human trafficking, female genital mutilation, gang violence and ‘honour’ based violence.

    http://www.ashianasheffield.org/about-us/

    Working together to Fight FGM
    Posted on February 6, 2018

    “ Today is the International Day for Zero Tolerance to FGM “

    http://www.ashianasheffield.org/uncategorized/working-together-fight-fgm/

    .

  184. LevBehZiz Says:

    .

    David Eshet — Yiddishe Lieder (Full Album)

    David Eshet — Yiddishe Lieder (1950s)

    _ttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QTVPcCK–Rw

    .

  185. Cees van der Duin Says:

    _
    _

    Strafsache Jumana Nagarwala et al. – auch 2018 geht es weiter

    Nur der Anklagepunkt ‚Verschwörung zur Verbringung Minderjähriger an einen Ort verbotener sexueller Aktivität‘ wurde fallengelassen, FGM sei schließlich keine sexuelle Handlung, keine Sexualstraftat, kein Kindesmissbrauch.

    United States of America v. Nagarwala et al – Fakhruddin Attar
    2:2017-cr-20274 (mied)

    https://www.docketbird.com/court-cases/United-States-of-America-v-Nagarwala-et-al-Fakhruddin-Attar/mied-2:2017-cr-20274

    _
    _

  186. Adriaan Broekhuizen Says:

    __
    __

    Nanu haben wir etwas verpasst? Yuliati Umrah, Kinderrechteaktivistin aus Indonesien und Gründerin der Hilfsorganisation Arek Lintang deutete in Köln an, siehe das tontechnisch schlimme Video bei TdF, der bevölkerungsreichste muslimische Staat der Welt (260 Millionen Einwohner, 200 Millionen Muslime) habe sich mutig gegen die sunat perempuan gestellt, es gebe seit 2016 gar ein Gesetz gegen FGM in Indonesien?

    Dem ist nicht so. Es ist wie immer.

    .
    .

    Oktober 2016
    auf dpa Deutsche Presse-Agentur GmbH

    .

    Indonesia in new push to eliminate female genital mutilation

    von Ahmad Pathoni Oct 8, 2016

    [ „Eine neuer Vorstoß“ – von einem Gesetz gegegn FGM oder einem FGM-Verbot seitens der indonesischen Regierung lese ich nichts. ]

    Indonesia is launching a new campaign to end female genital mutilation, after previous efforts were opposed by some in the Muslim community who believe the practice is religiously sanctioned.

    .

    Tapos, Indonesia (dpa) – Tunyati, the mother of a 7-month-old girl, had her daughter circumcised as soon as she was born and is convinced that she was fulfilling an Islamic religious duty.

    [ FGM als das Erfüllen einer Reliigionspflicht des Islam – ja, bei den Schafiiten ist das so. ]

    (…)

    A United Nations report released this year revealed that Indonesia, Egypt and Ethiopia are home to half of the estimated 200 million women and girls around the world who have experienced female genital mutilation.

    The Indonesian government is now making a new push to end female genital cutting, after previous attempts were met with opposition from Islamic groups.

    [ Man rafft sich auf, gründet eine Taskforce … zum höflichen Plaudern im Hinterzimmer mit den Ulama und Scheichen. Immerhin sollen Frauengruppen dabei sein dürfen und, so sagte es im September 2016 Indonesiens Ministerin für Frauen und Jugend Yohana Yambise, sei das Regierungsziel das ernst gemeinte Beendigen der Mädchenbeschneidung (FGM). ]

    „We have formed a task force to approach religious leaders, traditional leaders and women’s organizations to make them aware that the practice has to end,“ Yohana Yambise, minister for women and children, told reporters last month.

    (…)

    „We have embarked on a big research project, and I hope based on the research we can come up with a new policy [on female genital mutilation],“ Yambise said.

    The 2013 government study found that female circumcision was found across all economic and education levels, with slightly higher rates for urban areas.

    Nurlela Nurani, a 26-year old midwife at a maternity clinic in Tapos, on the outskirts of Jakarta, said the worse forms of female genital mutilation had been abandoned in the area.

    „Some people have come here asking their daughters to be circumcised,“ she said.

    „We told them we don’t do that anymore because the government says it’s a violation of children’s rights and has no medical benefits,“ she said. „We only do the cleaning, not cutting.“

    [ Das Genital des Mädchens rituell „reinigen“ – mit einer Nadel? – ist vermutlich eine FGM Typ IV … oder gar Typ Ia … ]

    (…)

    [ MUI-Fatwakommission: Ketua Komisi Fatwa Majelis Ulama Indonesia (MUI), Hasanuddin Abdul Fatah ]

    [ Hasanuddin Abdul Fatah greift zum bekannten MUI-Trick – das wadschib wird geleugnet, man nimmt einen sozusagen hanbalitischen Standpunkt ein – schafiitisch ist das nicht drin. Für das Mädchen ist die „Beschneidung“ genau so sehr „obligatory, verpflichtend“ wie für den Jungen. ]

    „For boys, circumcision is obligatory, but for girls, it’s recommended,“ said Hasanuddin Abdul Fatah, the head of the fatwa commission at the semi-official Indonesian Council of Ulema.

    „The Health Ministry’s ban is not in line with sharia and anything that sharia prescribes must have benefits,“ he added. „Now the question is: Are we following the Health Ministry or sharia?“

    [ Die Machtprobe – wollt ihr Säkularen uns zur Sünde zwingen? Sollen wir uns entscheiden müssen zwischen Joko Widodo und dem Islam, der Scharia? ]

    The Health Ministry banned female genital mutilation in 2006, but backed off four years later after pressure from Muslim organizations and allowed the practice to be carried out by health care professionals.

    That regulation was then repealed in 2014, but there are no specific penalties for those who carry out female genital mutilation.

    [ Dann der Angriff auf die WHO-Klassifikation. Mädchenbeschneidung sei gar keine Genitalverstümmelung. ]

    „Female circumcision isn’t identical to female genital mutilation,“ said [ Herr ] Wara P Osing, head of reproductive health promotion at the Health Ministry.

    [ Nur Weihrauch und fromme Sprüche … man darf es bezweifeln. ]

    „Much of the practice in Indonesia is mainly ceremonial and does not cause injuries to the female genitalia,“ he said.

    He acknowledged that female genital cutting was a sensitive issue in Indonesia.

    „It’s got a lot to do with the fact that some sections of the society believe that female circumcision is a tradition or a religious practice which has to be observed,“ he said. [ – Genau: Religionspraxis – ]

    (…)

    „Efforts to curb female circumcision cannot be made by the Health Ministry alone, because the problem is rooted in traditional and religious practices that have been passed from generation to generation,“ he said.

    [ Die Religionshüter, die Islamwächter dürfen das Gesundheitsministerium nicht allein lassen, meint der Herr vom Gesundheitsministerium sinngemäß … keine Sorge, das werden sie auch nicht (solange ihr sie nicht rauswerft). ]

    http://www.dpa-international.com/topic/indonesia-new-push-eliminate-female-genital-mutilation-161008-99-735667

    https://www.albawaba.com/news/indonesia-launches-campaign-end-female-genital-mutilation-fgm-practices-890562

    .
    .

    [ Dr. Hasanuddin Abdul Fatah (Ketua Komisi Fatwa MUI) ]

    Tunyati wiegt ihre sieben Monate alte Tochter sanft in ihrem Schoß. Die Indonesierin hat das Kind beschneiden lassen, sofort nachdem sie es zur Welt brachte. Sie ist überzeugt, dass sie damit eine religiöse Pflicht erfüllt hat. „Ich folge Allahs Gesetz, das wird seit Generationen so gemacht“, sagt die 36-jährige Muslimin. „Jeder in meinem erweiterten Familienkreis ist beschnitten, ob männlich oder weiblich.“

    Viele in Indonesien, dem bevölkerungsreichsten mehrheitlich muslimischen Land der Welt, teilen Tunyatis Einstellung. 51 Prozent der indonesischen Mädchen bis elf Jahre sind beschnitten, das sind ungefähr 14 Millionen Kinder, wie eine Untersuchung des indonesischen Gesundheitsministeriums 2013 ergab.Weltweit haben nach UN-Schätzung 200 Millionen Frauen und Mädchen eine Beschneidung erlitten. […]

    Die indonesische Regierung hat nun einen neuen Anlauf gestartet, um die Beschneidung von Mädchen zu stoppen. „Wir haben eine Einsatzgruppe ins Leben gerufen, die religiöse Führer und Frauenorganisationen dazu bewegen soll, diesen Brauch zu beenden“, sagt die Frauen- und Jugendministerin Yohana Yambise im vergangenen Monat. Frühere Versuche waren am Widerstand islamischer Organisationen gescheitert.

    Hasanuddin Abdul Fatah ist Leiter der sogenannten Fatwa-Kommission und befasst sich mit der Auslegung muslimischen Rechts in Indonesien. Für ihn ist klar: Die Scharia sieht eine Beschneidung für Mädchen vor. „Die Frage ist nun: Folgen wir dem Ministerium oder der Scharia?“, sagt er.

    Indonesien kämpft gegen Genitalverstümmelung | Deutsche Apotheker Zeitung 09.11.2016

    https://www.deutsche-apotheker-zeitung.de/news/artikel/2016/11/09/indonesien-kaempft-gegen-genitalverstuemmelung

    __
    __

  187. Adriaan Broekhuizen Says:

    .

    Stichworte
    Indonesien
    Yuliati Umrah

    ( Kinderschutz in Indonesien. Die Stiftung ALIT, Yayasan Arek Lintang, wurde 1999 von Aktivisten gegründet, die sich für die Straßenkinder in der Stadt Surabaya einsetzten.

    Seit 2010 arbeitet ALIT auf der Insel Flores bei der Entwicklung eines kirchlichen Programms für Kindesschutz und für die Förderung von Frauen und Jugendlichen.

    ALIT kämpft gegen Kindesmissbrauch, Kinderprostitution und Kinder-Sextourismus und für Kinder mit Behinderung. )

    .
    .

    Als Direktorin der Stiftung Arek Lintang (ALIT) engagiert sich die Politikwissenschaftlerin Yuliati Umrah in ihrer Heimat Indonesien für Kinderrechte und Kinderschutz.

    … mehr bei:

    »Kinder brauchen Schutz!«

    – ein Interview von Susanne Dietmann
    Indonesien-Magazin

    http://www.indonesienmagazin.de/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=256:kinder-brauchen-schutz&catid=92:politik&acm=_86

    .
    .

    2016 – Präsident Joko Widodo billigt die Pläne für ein verschäftes Gesetz gegen Kindesmissbrauch. Der 2016 in Entwicklung befindliche Gesetzesentwurf mit Platzhalter-Funktion, ein sogenanntes PERPPU (a government regulation-in-lieu-of-the-law, otherwise known as Peraturan Pemerintah Pengganti Undang-Undang or perppu) würde für Indonesien drastisch schwerere Strafe für überführte Vergewaltiger bzw. Kindesmissbraucher bedeuten – von der chemischen Kastration über implantierte Mikro-Chips bis hin zur Todesstrafe. Die Todesstrafe ist immer und überall falsch!

    Von weiblicher Genitalverstümmelung (Female genital mutilation, FGM) steht im PERPPU Nummer 1/2016 nichts.

    .

    Indonesia Plans to Castrate Pedophiles Following Rampant Reports of Sexual Abuse

    ( „To crack down on the country’s epidemic of child sexual abuse, the Indonesian government proposed tougher sentences, including implanting microchips in perpetrators‘ ankles, chemical castration, and the death penalty.“ )

    by Stanley Widianto | VICE 18.05.2016

    https://broadly.vice.com/en_us/article/xyen7a/indonesia-to-castrate-pedophiles-joko-widodo

    .

    Indonesia: Regulation on Sexual Violence Against Children Issued

    The new regulation, Perppu No.1/2016, amends the 2002 Child Protection Law.

    [ Wie gesagt, von sunat perempuan / khitan pada wanita – von FGM – steht da gar nichts drin. ]

    http://www.loc.gov/law/foreign-news/article/indonesia-regulation-on-sexual-violence-against-children-issued/

    .

  188. #DontTouchFGMLaw Says:

    Stichworte
    FGM
    Kenia
    Tatu Kamau

    .

    Twitter von KELIN @KELINKenya am 09.06.2018 02:46

    MEDIA ADVISORY: On Monday 11th June, the High Court in Machakos will hear Petition 8 of 2017 challenging the constitutionality of the provisions of the #FGM Act. Keep tabs on #DontTouchFGMLaw to follow the proceedings and the ensuing discussions: _tp://www.kelinkenya.org/media-advisory-hearing-of-machakos-petition-8-of-2017-challenging-the-constitutionality-of-the-provisions-of-fgm-act/ …

    ::
    ::

    Kenya Legal and Ethical Issues Network on HIV & AIDS – KELIN

    Media Advisory: Mention of Machakos Petition 8 of 2017 on challenging the constitutionality of the provisions of FGM Act

    http://www.kelinkenya.org/media-advisory-hearing-of-machakos-petition-8-of-2017-challenging-the-constitutionality-of-the-provisions-of-fgm-act/

    ::
    ::

    THE STAR (Kenia) berichtet am 20.04.2018

    Pro-FGM medic swamped with expert views from opponents

    By ANDREW MBUVA @andrewsmbuva

    A petitioner seeking to decriminalise female genital mutilation yesterday complained about too many expert witnesses, virtually all opposing her.

    Dr Tatu Kamau told the High Court in Machakos (…) Kamau says the ban is unconstitutional and adult women should be allowed to do what they want with their bodies — just as women are allowed to smoke and drink, which are arguably harmful. (…)

    Lawyer Sofia Rajab-Leteipan, with Equality Now, an interested party, told journalists outside the court they are determined to win. She said FGM is a violation of human rights and should not be allowed anywhere in any way. (…)

    https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2018/04/20/pro-fgm-medic-swamped-with-expert-views-from-opponents_c1746510

    .

    FGM controls sex drive, protects morals — Bonis

    By CHETI PRAXIDES @ppcheti 11.04.2018, 12:00 am

    … The Boni Council of Elders yesterday said FGM has been part of their tradition and they are not ready to let go “just because of modernity and human rights”. …

    https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2018/04/11/video-fgm-controls-sex-drive-protects-morals-bonis_c1741381

    Volk der
    Boni

    im Hinterland der Küste zwischen den Flüssen Tana und Jubba

    https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boni_(Volk)

    .
    .

    Machakos High Court to hear case seeking to legalize FGM

    .

    .
    .

    A case for FGM enters Machakos Law Courts as culture takes the stand
    .

    .

  189. Jacques Auvergne Says:

    .
    .

    Katherine C. McKenzie, MD, FACP

    Assistant Professor of Medicine (General Medicine); Director, Yale Center for Asylum Medicine

    Dr. McKenzie practices general internal medicine at the Yale Adult Primary Care Center. She teaches medical students and residents in small group settings, in her ambulatory office and on the general medical wards at Yale-New Haven Hospital.

    Dr. McKenzie is the director of the Yale Center for Asylum Medicine. She and her colleagues at the Center perform medical forensic evaluations of asylum seekers. She works with attorneys from Yale Law School and the University of Connecticut School of Law, as well as the advocacy groups Physicians for Human Rights, HealthRight International, the American Friends Service Committee and the International Institute of Connecticut. She provides objective medical assessments of people who report experiencing torture or persecution in the countries from which they have fled.

    https://medicine.yale.edu/intmed/genmed/asylum/faculty/katherine_mckenzie.profile

    .

    Katherine McKenzie, M.D., is on the faculty of Yale School of Medicine and is the director of the Yale Center for Asylum Medicine. She is a Public Voices Fellow with The OpEd Project.

    katherine.mckenzie@yale.edu

    @KMcKenzieYCAM

    The latest Tweets from Katherine McKenzie (@KMcKenzieYCAM)

    Katherine McKenzie (@KMcKenzieYCAM). Physician at Yale, Director of Asylum Medicine

    .
    .

    „FGM ist – auch – sehr islamisch. Desinformation pur zum Islamischen Recht (Scharia) auch von Katherine McKenzie: „FGM is a deeply embedded cultural norm in some societies, although there are no religious scriptures to support it.“

    .

    Die Islamverharmloserin oder zur Scharia Ahnungslose:

    Millions have been traumatized by female genital mutilation. The practice must end

    by Katherine McKenzie

    statNews 29.03.2018

    https://www.statnews.com/2018/03/29/female-genital-mutilation-end/comment-page-1/#comment-1190342

    .

    Islamic FGM = Khatna; khitan al-inath (ختان الإناث)
    Indonesia: sunat perempuan; khitan wanita

    Katherine McKenzie can know and (why?) does not write: FGM is Islamic – there is no Islam without khitan al-inath (Islamic FGM).

    Islam is not just reading Quran, but installing a law (Sharia) according to Quran and Sunna (Hadith, and Sira). And in the hadith(s) we find FGM.

    Sunna (hadith) is a religious scripture. McKenzie lies: „there are no religious scriptures to support it“.

    Hadith. The Prophet said to Umm Atiyya (or: to Umm Habiba)

    أشمِّي ولا تنهَكي
    ašimmī wa-lā tanhakī
    [Cut] slightly and do not overdo it

    Or Muhammad said:

    اختفضن ولا تنهكن
    iḫtafiḍna wa-lā tanhikna
    Cut [slightly] without exaggeration

    ___

    Flogging or stoning an adulterer is illegal, having sex as a husband with a nine year old bride is illegal. Khatna, FGM is illegal.

    Khatna (FGM) is religion (Islam). You can believe in FGM – you can not perform khatna (khitan al-inath, Islamic FGM).

    There’s no such thing as ‚mild‘ FGM.

    Zero Tolerance to Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) =
    zero tolerance even to the less invasive forms of FGM

    Any ritual circumcision or other ritual injury of the genital of a girl or a boy below the age of eighteen years should be banned on a global level.

    My real concern is that the US and Europe will soon legalize some “mild” forms of the Classification of female genital mutilation (FGM).

    Every form of FGM should be banned everywhere.

    .
    .

    Trump’s Immigration Ban Hurts Doctors And Patients | Cognoscenti

    by: Katherine McKenzie / Cognoscenti contributor. Katherine McKenzie is on the faculty of Yale School of Medicine and the Director of the Yale Center for Asylum Medicine.

    http://www.wbur.org/cognoscenti/2017/12/28/foreign-born-physicians-katherine-mckenzie

    .

    Post-modern bla-bla by Katherine McKenzie:

    He, She, They: Pediatricians Should Ask Kids About Gender Identity

    [ We say: „He, She: Pediatricians must protect the genital intactness of every child“ ]

    http://www.wbur.org/cognoscenti/2018/05/02/gender-atypical-youth-health-robin-dembroff-katherine-mckenzie

    .
    .

  190. Edward von Roy Says:

    .

    Petition
    change.org

    Ban Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting in Massachusetts

    Our names are Aisha Yusuf, Hanna Stern, and Mariya Taher, and we each are pleading to the Massachusetts State Legislature to pass a law making it illegal for someone to carry out Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting/Circumcision (FGM/C) on young girls. (…)

    In April 2018, a doctor in Michigan was charged with performing FGM/C on minor girls, highlighting yet again that FGM/C does affect women and girls living in the United States. The doctor claimed FGM/C was a religious requirement and that there were no harmful effects. We three believe that culture and religion should not be an excuse used to sanction harm to girls.

    We need a bill in Massachusetts that unequivocally reiterates that female genital mutilation/cutting is a form of violence. There are laws against domestic violence and sexual assault. We need a law against FGM/C as well. (…)

    https://www.change.org/p/ban-female-genital-mutilation-cutting-in-massachusetts

    .

  191. Edward von Roy Says:

    .

    Stichworte

    India / Indien
    Islamic FGM / khatna / khitan al-inath / sunat perempuan / khafD
    Schiitische Pro-FGM-Lobby DBWRF
    Dawoodi Bohra Women for Religious Freedom
    Samina Kanchwala

    .
    .

    Bohra womens group: We dont practice genital mutilation

    India Today | 06.02.2018

    (…)

    „Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) and Female Circumcision (FC) — also called [ Khatna or ] khafz (or khafD) — are entirely different from each other. Khafz is a harmless cultural and religious practice, unique to the Dawoodi Bohra community. We reiterate that there is no place for any kind of mutilation in the Dawoodi Bohra culture,“ according to a statement from secretary, DBWRF, Samina Kanchwala. (…)

    The report, titled „The Clitoral Hood a Contested Site: Khafd or Female Genital Mutilation in India“, asserts that [ khatna ] „khafD“, as practised by the Bohras, is circumcision or mutilation and as per the definition of the World Health Organization (WHO), it counts as FGM. (…)

    The survey, which has testimonies of 94 proponents and opponents of FGM among the Bohras, as well as doctors and traditional cutters, records that while the community maintains that „khafd“ is a minor cut or „a nick on the clitoral hood“, in reality, what is practised is far more grievous.

    „Most women subjected to khafD in India undergo Type 1 FGM or clitoridectomy which includes partial or total removal of the clitoral hood [ FGM Typ Ia ] or clitoris [ FGM Typ Ib ]. Very few younger women may be subjected to Type 4 FGM which includes pricking, piercing or cauterisation,“ Lakshmi Anantnarayan, writer of the report, said. (…)

    https://www.indiatoday.in/pti-feed/story/bohra-womens-group-we-dont-practice-genital-mutilation-1163959-2018-02-06

    .
    .

    “The practice is very important to us from a religious perspective. We should not be denied that right,” Noida-based businesswoman Samina Kanchwala, Secretary of DBWRF, told The Hindu.

    Jyoti Shelar | Battle lines drawn for FGM hearing in SC | The Hindu | 12.07.2018

    https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/mumbai/battle-lines-drawn-for-fgm-hearing-in-sc/article24393455.ece

    .
    .

    „The Clitoral Hood a Contested Site: Khafd or Female Genital Mutilation in India“

    _ttp://www.ptinews.com/news/9467355_Study-shows-FGM-widely-practised-among-Bohras–evokes.html

    https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/two-in-three-bohra-girls-undergo-genital-mutilation-study/1246829

    .

  192. STOP KhafZ / khatna ( stop Islamic FGM ) Says:

    .

    In female genital mutilation PIL in Supreme Court, it’s Dawoodi Bohra women vs Dawoodi Bohra women

    By Sunil Baghel, Mumbai Mirror | updated 10.07.2018

    (…) Tiwari had said in her PIL that khafZ didn’t have any religious reference and was carried out without any medical reason. (…)

    [ Rechtsanwältin Sunita Tiwari verbreitet leider Unsinn. Khatna / khafD ist echte schiitische Religion. Bei allen Bohra (nicht nur den Dawoodi) gilt: Jungen wie Mädchen müssen religionsrechtlich (islamisch) beschnitten (genital verstümmelt) werden. Nicht anders als bei den Sunniten des schafiitischen Madhhab. Kein Islam ohne Chitan al-inath / sunat perempuan / chatna. ]

    https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/videos/sectionhomelist/in-female-genital-mutilation-pil-in-supreme-court-its-dawoodi-bohra-women-vs-dawoodi-bohra-women/articleshow/64890906.cms

    .
    .

    https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/videos/sectionhomelist/in-female-genital-mutilation-pil-in-supreme-court-its-dawoodi-bohra-women-vs-dawoodi-bohra-women/articleshow/64890906.cms

    (…)

    Advokat Abhishek Sanghavi argumentierte im Namen der Dawudi Frauenvereinigung für Religionsfreiheit.

    (…)

    [ Rechtsanwältin Sunita Tiwari / Sunita Tiwari, the lawyer who filed the petition in the Supreme Court ]

    Sunita Tiwari, die den Fall einreichte, sagte in ihrer Petition: „Die Gemeinschaft der Dawoodi Bohra ist eine der am besten ausgebildeten Gemeinden in Indien. Diese Leute folgen dieser [ khatna / khafD, Islamic FGM ] Praxis. (…) 2012 wurde es im UN-Rat verboten und von 194 Nationen unterzeichnet. In Afrika wurden nur 27 Tage durch diese religiöse Praxis verboten. Aber es gibt kein Gesetz, das dies in Indien verbieten könnte. Der Klerus entwickelt das in Indien. “ Im Jahr 2012 unterzeichnete Indien auch eine UN-Resolution.

    (…)

    மத சுதந்திரத்திற்கான தாவூதி போரா பெண்கள் கழகத்தின் சார்பில் வழக்கறிஞர் அபிஷேக் சங்கவி வாதாடினார்.

    (…)

    இந்த வழக்கை தொடுத்த சுனிதா திவாரி தனது மனுவில், “இந்தியாவில் நன்றாக படித்த சமூகங்களில் தாவூதி போரா சமூகமும் ஒன்று. இவர்கள்தான் இந்த வழக்கத்தை பின்பற்றி வருகின்றனர். இதற்கும் மதத்திற்கும் எந்த சம்பந்தமும் இல்லை. கடந்த 2012ல் ஐநா சபையில் இதற்கு தடை கொண்டு வரப்பட்டு, 194 நாடுகள் கையெழுத்திட்டன. ஆப்ரிக்காவில் மட்டும் 27 நாட்கள் இந்த மதச்சடங்கிற்கு தடை விதித்துள்ளன. ஆனால், இந்தியாவில் இதை தடை செய்ய எந்த சட்டமும் இல்லை. மதகுருக்கள் இந்தியாவில் இதை வளர்த்து வருகின்றனர்“ என்று தெரிவித்துள்ளார். 2012ல் இந்தியாவும் ஐநா தீர்மானத்தில் கையெழுத்திட்டுள்ளது என்பது குறிப்பிடத்தக்கது.

    (…)

    https://tamil.samayam.com/latest-news/india-news/why-should-a-womans-bodily-integrity-be-subject-to-religions-asks-sc/articleshow/64931506.cms

    .

  193. STOP KhafD / khatna / sunat perempuan / khitan al-inath / FGM Says:

    .

    [ The public interest litigation (PIL) filed by Delhi-based advocate Sunita Tiwari in the Supreme Court ]

    .

    DBWRF
    27. Mai 2017 · 27.05.2017

    Dawoodi Bohra Women for Religious Freedom (DBWRF) has been formed to give voice to mainstream

    Dawoodi Bohra women who have been taken for granted as a community of whom anything could be said, and who would, in turn, do nothing.

    So far has it gone, that today, a lawyer called Sunita Tiwari has decided of her own accord, that we need help from her, and will therefore, take our religious practices before the Supreme Court without our permission, without our consent, in fact, against our will.

    Yes, many of us may well be circumcised, as were our mothers and grandmothers before us. The constitution of India gives us this right to freedom of conscience and religion. Many great men and women have died for that right, so valuable and precious is it!

    Sunita Tiwari has had the temerity to draw her own conclusions about our circumstances and our personalities and tell the court that we care nothing about this liberty and in fact, need her to fight our corner.

    This organisation intends to challenge her.

    You will be surprised, because we, Bohras, have never been activists, but this time, we have become a grass-roots movement, in which each one, is calling a sister to say, the time has come to stand up and be counted.

    But, when you join us, be sure it is of your own free will. Be sure it is because of your faith in the precious shariat given to you by the Prophet (SAW). It is because you are Indian. It is because you belong to this wonderful multi-cultural country whose founding fathers thought it right that you should have freedom of faith and enshrined it in this Indian, precious constitution of our country.

    _ttps://www.facebook.com/permalink.php?story_fbid=691627457694309&id=691610731029315

    .
    .

    Petition (Civil) No. 286/2017
    SUNITA TIWARI

    Klicke, um auf Sunita-Tiwari-v.-Union-of-India.pdf zuzugreifen

    286/2017 SUNITA TIWARI Petitioner(s) VERSUS UNION OF INDIA & ORS. Respondent(s) Date : 14-07-2017

    https://indiankanoon.org/doc/76367402/

    .

  194. Petition (Civil) No. 286/2017 Says:

    .

    286/2017 SUNITA TIWARI Petitioner(s) VERSUS UNION OF INDIA & ORS. Respondent(s) Date : 14-07-2017

    http://www.livelaw.in/sc-issues-notice-on-pil-seeking-complete-ban-on-female-genital-mutilation-read-petition/

    http://subsizar60.rssing.com/chan-42701135/all_p340.html

    .

  195. traoré Says:

    .

    Assiff Hussein wiederum, ein in Sri Lanka arbeitender Journalist und Forscher zum Islam, kämpft seit mehreren Jahren für die milde Sunna (Female Circumcision – The Hidden Truth), die straffreie FGM Typ Ia: „An Islamic practice that brings untold benefits to women. Eine islamische Praxis, die den Frauen unerhörte Wohltaten schenkt.“

    .

    Female Circumcision – The Hidden Truth. Female Circumcision An Islamic practice that brings untold benefits to women

    | By Asiff Hussein

    _ttps://asiffhussein.com/index.php/2015/04/02/female-circumcision-the-hidden-truth/

    .

  196. Edward von Roy Says:

    .

    Gerichtsprozess gegen US-amerikanische Genitalverstümmlerin: Verhandlung im Januar 2019

    .

    … Jumana Nagarwala …

    Nagarwala has maintained she committed no crime, but that she engaged in a religious ritual that involved only a „shaving“ or a „nick“ of the genitals. …

    The case is set to go to trial in January 2019.

    By Tresa Baldas | Doctor in genital mutilation case at war with feds | Detroit Free Press | 06.08.2018

    https://eu.freep.com/story/news/local/michigan/detroit/2018/08/06/genital-mutilation-case-doctor/910764002/

    .

    The case is scheduled to go to trial in January, 2019.

    https://www.globalcitizen.org/en/content/michigan-fgm-female-genital-mutilation-ruling/

    .

  197. FC = FGM Says:

    STOP #FCIsNotFGM

    .
    .

    DBWRF @dbwrf

    _ttps://twitter.com/dbwrf/status/1028941947514368000

    However, „KhafZ“ did not harm you. If there was harm, it would have been due to malpractice, just like any other procedure. So, focus on medicalization of KhafZ to ensure that there’s no potential for harm, and their religious obligation is fulfilled. #FCisNotFGM

    _ttps://twitter.com/FaridaBharmal1/status/1028167222311628800

    We practice the harmless practice of khafZ which is not mutilation. #FCIsNotFGM

    _ttps://twitter.com/proudweirdo94/status/1029002515399028740

    .

  198. Adriaan Broekhuizen Says:

    .

    Eines Tages begegnete Mohammed der zum Islam konvertierten muqaṭṭiʿatu l-buẓūr (amputatrice di clitoridi, coupeuse de clitoris, cutter of clitorises), der Frauenbeschneiderin Umm ʿAṭiyya. Die Gottgehorsame befragte den Propheten nach der religiösen Rechtmäßigkeit ihrer täglichen Arbeit und Allahs Sprecher stellte fest:

    أشمِّي ولا تنهَكي
    ašimmī wa-lā tanhakī
    [Cut] slightly and do not overdo it
    [Schneide] leicht und übertreibe nicht

    Oder Mohammed verkündete den Willen des Himmels so:

    اختفضن ولا تنهكن
    iḫtafiḍna wa-lā tanhikna
    Cut [slightly] without exaggeration
    Schneide [leicht] und ohne Übertreibung

    .
    .
    .

    Minnesota und die FGM

    „FGM-freundliche Eltern nicht bestrafen, sondern erst allmählich bilden“ – Nein, selbstverständlich sind die die FGM anordnenden Eltern des verstümmelten Mädchens sehr hart zu bestrafen!

    Wer das anders sieht bzw. wer auf sukzessives Ausdiskutieren setzt statt auf die – gebotene – harsche Bestrafung:

    .

    The Council for Minnesotans of African Heritage

    ISUROON ( a nonprofit organisation … “ Fartun Weli, founder & executive director of ISUROON, Minneapolis “ – Isuroon bedeutet „eine Frau, die für sich selber Sorge trägt / die sich um ihre Belange / ihre Interessen kümmert / „a woman who cares for herself“ )

    und andere Gruppen

    .

    Allenfalls FGM Typ III ist unislamisch, gegen die Scharia, die FGM-Typen I, II und IV sind es nicht.

    Fartun Wali vom Verein ISUROON lügt öffentlich: „It is not an Islam thing. Cutting ist keine islamische Sache, weibliche Beschneidung [ wir sagen: FGM ] gehört nicht zum Islam.“

    [ Hier einmal ohne Quelle ]

    .

    Council for Minnesotans of African Heritage

    https://www.dailywire.com/news/16851/minnesota-senate-wavering-bill-targeting-female-hank-berrien

    .
    .

    Fartun Weli says she’s unable to have children due to FGM, which is why she founded Isuroon, a nonprofit organization that advocates for Somali women living outside Somalia and works with women who have life-threatening medical conditions as a result of having undergone FGM.

    Weli underwent what is considered the most dangerous type of FGM, known as Type III, which includes the complete sewing shut of the vagina. She says she still has physical and emotional scars.

    source: Somalia: Female Genital Mutilation Haunts Somalis in U.S. | All Africa 25.10.2016

    https://allafrica.com/stories/201610251023.html

    .

    AllAfrica is a voice of, by and about Africa – aggregating, producing and distributing news and information from over 140 African news organizations and our own reporters to an African and global public. AllAfrica’s multi-channel platform is the only independent, comprehensive pan-African news source, with unrivaled reach and reputation. We operate from Cape Town, Dakar, Abuja, Monrovia, Nairobi and Washington DC.

    https://allafrica.com/misc/info/about/

    .

  199. Jacques Auvergne Says:

    __

    India, SC:

    FGM doesn’t become religious practice due to age-old practice

    „The fact that this is being practised from 10th century is not sufficient for us to hold that this is the essential part of religious practice. This practice will have to pass the test of constitutional morality.“

    http://newsboss.in/ly/Pkf2Co/FGM-doesn-t-become-religious-practice-due-to-age-old-practice-SC

    .
    .

    Millennium Post | 20.08.2018
    Team MP 20. August 2018

    Can’t call a practice ‚religious‘ just because it’s age-old, says SC

    New Delhi: The Supreme Court said Monday that the argument on female genital mutilation (FGM) of minor girls of the Dawoodi Bohra Muslim community is being practised from tenth century is not „sufficient“ to hold that this formed part of the „essential religious practice“, which cannot be scrutinised by court.

    A bench headed by Chief Justice Dipak Misra was responding to submissions of senior advocate A M Singhvi, appearing for a Muslim group, that this was an old practice which formed part of „essential religious practice“ and, hence, was not open to judicial scrutiny.

    Singhvi told the bench, also comprising justices A M Khanwilkar and D Y Chandrachud, that the practice was protected under Article 25 and 26 of the Constitution which deals with religious freedom.

    However, the bench differed, saying, „The fact that this is being practised from 10th century is not sufficient for us to hold that this is the essential part of religious practice.“ (…)

    The bench was hearing the PIL filed by Delhi-based lawyer Sunita Tiwari against the practice in the community. (…)

    Tiwari, in her plea, sought a direction to the Centre and the states to „impose a complete ban on the inhuman practice“ of ‚khatna‘ or „female genital mutilation“ throughout the country.

    http://www.millenniumpost.in/nation/cant-call-a-practice-religious-just-because-its-age-old-says-sc-314987

    __
    __

    Female Genital Mutilation (FGM): Even Sati Was Abolished By An Act Of Parliament, Not At The Behest Of Judiciary: Dr. AM Singhvi

    by: MEHAL JAIN
    LIVE LAW
    20.08.2018

    … ‘Taharah’ or ‘purity’ …

    https://www.livelaw.in/female-genital-mutilation-fgm-even-sati-was-abolished-by-an-act-of-parliamentnot-at-the-behest-of-judiciary-dr-am-singhvi/

    طهارة
    ṭahāra
    Tahara

    https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tah%C4%81ra

    __

  200. Edward von Roy Says:

    .

    خفض
    ChafD ( chifadh – chatna – sunat perempuan – chitan al-inath )
    Die im Hadith genannte und in späteren autoritativen Texten festgeschriebene islamische weibliche Genitalverstümmelung ist mindestens allen Schafiiten sowie Bohra (Dawoodi Bohra etc.) religiös (islamisch) verpflichtend.

    Jede FGM (Typ I, II, III, IV) ist weltweit zu verbieten.

    „Khafz“ – khatna – ist mitnichten lediglich pauschal eine FGM Typ Ia, eine Amputation der Klitorisvorhaut. Viele Ulama (Islamgelehrte) vielmehr rechtfertigen mit خفض ḫafḍ oder خفاض ḫifāḍ die Teilamputation der Klitoris oder vielmehr die Klitoridektomie.

    .
    .
    .

    Bohra women’s group defends ‘khafz’, says FGM should be banned

    Khafz [ arabisch chafD – Ḫafḍ oder ḫifāḍ = Islamic FGM ] is [ not at all! ] a completely harmless religious ritual followed for centuries and this historic judgment will be welcomed by Dawoodi Bohras around the world.

    Mumbai : An organisation representing women of Dawoodi Bohra Muslim community on Saturday defended the practice of female circumcision prevalent in the community saying it does not amount to female genital mutilation (FGM), which needs to be banned.

    The organisation issued a statement on Saturday in the wake of Court of Criminal Appeal in New South Wales in Australia overturning the conviction of three people accused of FGM. The court ruled that the traditional Dawoodi Bohra practice of ‘khafz’ (female circumcision) does not amount to FGM. […]

    The Free Press Journal | Since 1928 | ( aus Indien )

    http://www.freepressjournal.in/mumbai/bohra-womens-group-defends-khafz-says-fgm-should-be-banned/1343194

    .

    The Free Press Journal is one of the oldest English Daily newspapers from Mumbai with a heritage of more than 88 years.

    http://www.freepressjournal.in/about-us

    .
    .

    [ „tomorrow“ = 27.08.2018 ? ]

    Plea against FGM: Hearing to continue in Supreme Court tomorrow, Bohra women’s group defends ‚khafz‘

    by Sumit Kumar

    The Supreme Court will tomorrow hear a plea against the practice of female circumcision prevalent in the Dawoodi Bohra Muslim community which the petition has alleged amounts to female genital mutilation (FGM). […]

    The group, Dawoodi Bohra Women’s Association For Religious Freedom (DBWRF), said that khafz [ khafD ḫafḍ = Islamic FGM ] was a harmless religious ritual that was being followed for centuries, FGM was unwarranted and it should be abolished.

    In a statement issued today, secretary and spokesperson of DBWRF, Samina Kanchwala, said, „Khafz is a completely harmless religious ritual followed for centuries and this historic judgement will be welcomed by Dawoodi Bohras around the world, who are struggling to inform public opinion that is intent on denying women their right to practise their religious observance.“ […]

    from: DNA [ Indien ] vom (updated) heutigen 26.08.2018

    https://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-plea-against-fgm-hearing-to-continue-in-supreme-court-tomorrow-bohra-women-s-group-defends-khafz-2654917

    .
    .

    Belügen sie sich selbst oder lediglich uns oder ihre Frauen? Sie würden zwar alle weiblichen Siebenjährigen beschneiden, aber deren Klitoris bleibe stets unangetastet. Gelogen, viele indische Frauen der Dawoodi Bohra haben keine Klitoris mehr.

    jsij @jumana_skid Antwort an @Nafisakagalwal1 @dbwrf

    The way #khafz #khatna #FC is done by Bohras means we do not touch the clitoris at all. There is a nick to the prepuce, the outer skin covering the clitoral hood. So there is no question of harming the clitoris at all and therefore logically #FCisNotFGM
    03:45 – 26. August 2018 aus Dubai, Vereinigte Arabische Emirate | 26.08.2018

    ___ps://twitter.com/jumana_skid/status/1033666644428697600

    .

    DBWRF @dbwrf

    @alefwalisit
    Completely agree. Unfortunately there has been a lot of confusion between FC and FGM. As mothers, we know what is best for our children, and what we can do is continue to spread awareness that #FCIsNotFGM
    03:07 – 26. August 2018 | 26.08.2018

    ___ps://twitter.com/dr_jetpurwala/status/1033652693540040704

    .

    #FCisNotFGM

    https://twitter.com/hashtag/FCisNotFGM?src=hash

    .

    “ Khafz is absolutely safe. “

    ___ps://twitter.com/dbwrf/status/1033649564325171201

    .

    “ FC is a Nick on the prepuce. Clitoris is completely untouched, so there is no question of causing any harm to clitoris. “

    ___ps://twitter.com/dbwrf/status/1033640694475354112

    .

    „Gemäß der Scharia …, sobald das Mädchen 7 Jahre alt geworden ist.“

    “ According to Shariat, the correct way to perform FC is with a nick on the prepuce (clitoral hood), when a girl has attained the age of 7. #FCisNotFGM “

    ___ps://twitter.com/dbwrf/status/1033639783074025472

    .
    .
    .

    Understanding Female Genital Cutting in the Dawoodi Bohra Community: An Exploratory Survey

    Author: Mariya Taher

    February 2017

    Klicke, um auf sahiyo_report_final-updatedbymt2.pdf zuzugreifen

    https://archive.org/stream/sahiyo_report_fgc/sahiyo_report_fgc_djvu.txt

    .

    Das Gerede von einer klitorisfreundlichen Chatna 7 FC / khafz ist Taqiyya, die Klitoris wird oft, wenn nicht immer beschädigt.

    [ Dr. Sujaat Vali, a 56-year-old gynaecologist from Godhra ], explained that it is almost impossible to cut the skin of the prepuce without affecting the clitoris as there is an extremely narrow space between the two. “Even the trained hand of a surgeon cannot achieve this. The traditional cutters, who have no clue about anatomy, can do even worse.” […]

    His findings revealed that 30% (six) women had more than half of their clitoris cut. In the remaining patients, less than half of the clitoris was cut.

    FGM does cause damage to clitoris, reveals study · By Jyoti Shelar · The Hindu, 08.02.2018 / 09.02.2018

    https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/mumbai/fgm-does-cause-damage-to-clitoris-reveals-study/article22695876.ece

    .
    .

    SUNITA TIWARI Vs UNION OF INDIA / 23-07-2018

    bei SUPREME COURT OF INDIA
    unter FREE TEXT Suchbegriff: Masooma Ranalvi

    https://www.sci.gov.in/case-status

    vgl. hier
    Sunita Tiwari vs Union Of India on 23 July, 2018 – Indian Kanoon

    _ttps://indiankanoon.org/doc/84355810/

    .

    Zero Tolerance for Female Genital Mutilation

    Nulltoleranz bedeutet: selbst ein Einschnitt oder Nadelstich in die weibliche Vulva, beides zu FGM Typ IV, ist medizinisch wie allgemein-menschenrechtlich nicht rechtfertigbar und daher keinesfalls straffrei ins Recht eines freiheitlichen Staates zu integrieren.

    .

  201. Edward von Roy Says:

    Eine Initiative etwa gegen die Todesstrafe muss polarisieren: Weg mit dem verstaatlichten Morden, das unveräußerliche Recht auf Leben ist naturhaft gut (Farbsymbolik beispielsweise das Weiß: unser Ziel vernünftigen menschlichen Handelns), der Zustand hingegen der Todeszellen und Todestrakte früher beispielsweise unter Hitler und Stalin und heute etwa im islamisch-revolutionären Teheraner Knast Evin oder im Rajai Shahr Prison Karaj ist überwindenswert (Symbolfarbe für uns etwa schwarz im Sinne von abzulehnen, zu überwinden).

    Jedenfalls ist humanitär Engagierten oder freiheitlichen Demokraten nicht alles gleichgültig! Sondern es gibt für sie Werte und vor allem gibt es durchzusetzende Rechte. Keine Toleranz der Intoleranz.

    Das zum Thema Sahiyo. Die FGM muss weg. Global und nicht erst irgendwann.

    Grau in Grau hingegen – das bedeutet als Ratschlag an Bürgerrechtsbewegungen oder Initiativen gegen HGM (FGM & MGM) sinngemäß: Ihr seid gar nicht fähig, euch zu diesem Thema (hier: Chatna, islamische FGM) eine abschließende Meinung zu bilden. Zerstreut euch, geht nach Haus. Spürt die zunehmenden Grautöne, spürt eure anwachsende Unmündigkeit.

    Statt die Menschenrechtsverletzung kompromisslos zu ächten, darf die Gewinnerin des Global Woman Award 2018 (Kategorie Schülerbotschafterin) langatmig über „Chatna [hier: Islamic FGM, Anm.], Interessenvertretungen, Traditionen, Frauen(rechte) und Menschenrechte“ sinnieren, über „Dinge“ mithin, die schließlich wesensgemäß „alles andere als nur schwarz oder weiß“ seien:

    „Vielmehr sind sie mehrschichtig und mehrdimensional, was diese Dinge viel komplizierter macht, als nur auf die eine oder andere Weise Stellung zu beziehen.“

    Female Genital Cutting/Mutilation in the Bohra community is not black and white, just like how survivors and non-survivors’ stories are not black and white. […] By the end of the workshop, I realized that khatna, advocacy, traditions, women and human rights are not all black and white. Instead, they are layered and multi-dimensional, thus making these matters far more intricate than just taking a stand one way or another. My experience is not black or white either, and the Sahiyo Stories workshop was the most empowering avenue for me to explore that gray area.

    Khatna Isn’t Black Or White, Just Like My Story | by Maria Akhter | SAHIYO 28.08.2018

    Khatna Isn’t Black Or White, Just Like My Story

    _ttps://twitter.com/sahiyovoices/status/1035452488705605633

    Why does Maria Akhter want us to ponder over light gray and dark gray regarding both the group of uncircumcised and the group of circumcised women? Any circumcision is one too many – the practice of FGM also among the Dawoodi Bohra has to be stopped, worldwide.

    Maria Akhter has one clearly intact genital – so there is nothing with intermediate tones. Genital Intactness is clearly either black or white, never something in between, something gray.

    Akhter should finally advocate against the cruel practice of khatna (Islamic FGM) – and not babble about grayscales.

    Edward von Roy, social worker, intactivist

    Warum möchte Maria Akhter, dass wir über Hellgrau und Dunkelgrau grübeln, sowohl was die Gruppe der unbeschnittenen als auch die Gruppe der beschnittenen Frauen betrifft? Jede Beschneidung ist eine zu viel – die Praxis der FGM auch unter den Dawoodi Bohra muss weltweit beendet werden.

    Maria Akhter hat ein deutlich intaktes Genital – da ist nichts mit Zwischentönen. Genital Intactness ist eindeutig entweder schwarz oder weiß, nie etwas dazwischen, nie ein Grauton.

    Akhter sollte sich endlich unzweideutig gegen die grausame Praxis der Chatna (islamische FGM) positionieren – und nicht über Graustufen plappern.

    Edward von Roy, Sozialarbeiter, Intaktivist

    Khatna Isn’t Black Or White, Just Like My Story


    Global Woman P.E.A.C.E. Foundation · GWPF
    Global Woman PEACE Foundation Announces Walk To End FGM
    5K Walk · Walk to End FGM · GWPF

    21.10.2017
    27.10.2018

    _ttp://globalwomanpeacefoundation.org/the-walk-2/

    5K = 5 Kilometer (etwa bei Volksläufen)

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Road_running

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/10K_run

    .

    Global Woman P.E.A.C.E. Foundation
    Walk To End FGM

    https://wizathon.com/walk2endfgm/?id=3131

    .

    Auch durch häufige Wiederholung wird es nicht wahr: „FGM hat nichts mit dem Islam zu tun“

    The practice of female genital mutilation/cutting originated more than five centuries ago in Egypt during the Pharaoh times Although some people believe that Islam and FGM are related, it is a fact that female genital mutilation has nothing to do with religion. An Islamic scholar recently reported that the practice of FGM is forbidden by Islam.

    Global Woman P.E.A.C.E. Foundation · GWPF

    _ttp://globalwomanpeacefoundation.org/2015/11/17/did-you-know-egypt-the-cradle-of-female-genital-mutilationcutting/

    .

    Global Woman Award 2017
    [ Preisverleihungen neben anderen an ]
    Dr. Tobe Levin
    Mariya Taher [ SAHIYO-Mitgründerin ]

    _ttp://globalwomanpeacefoundation.org/2017/08/10/only-71-days-until-the-walk-to-end-fgm/

    Tobe Levin Freifrau von Gleichen […] 1998 gründete Levin also zusammen mit anderen FORWARD-Germany, eine Non-Profit-Organisation, die sich den Kampf in Deutschland mit dem Ziel einer weltweiten Ächtung der FGM zum Ziel machte. […] Levin sprach sich auch gegen die Zirkumzision bei Jungen aus.

    https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tobe_Levin

    Levin has also spoken out against male circumcision.

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tobe_Levin

    .

    Sahiyo Stories: Shattering the Silence on Female Genital Mutilation and Cutting
    Mariya Taher – browngirl 27.08.2018

    Bericht auch über eine Veranstaltung im Mai 2018 in den USA, anwesend waren auch

    Renee Bergstrom – wurde als dreijähriges Kind wegen Masturbation Opfer von US-amerikanischer FGM Typ Ib Klirorisamputation – ärztlich angeordnet un in einem Krankenhaus (christlicher Trägerschaft) durchgeführt.

    Maria Akhter („not black and white“) – sie managte in Berkeley (s. u.) die Logistik

    Sahiyo-Mitgründerin Mariya Taher:

    […] to ensure all future girls are protected and will never experience the harms of female genital cutting/mutilation. That is my hope too […]

    Nie wieder – „and will never“! Beispielhaft.

    Kampf gegen FGM geht benötigt gerade keinen Lobgesang auf den „Graubereich, gray area“. Das gilt auch für – reimt sich – Bay Area.

    Weder über die weibliche Genitalverstümmelung (FGM) noch über ihre gebotene weltweite Abschaffung ist „mehrschichtig und mehrdimensional, layered and multi-dimensional“ zu schwatzen.

    https://www.browngirlmagazine.com/2018/08/sahiyo-stories-shattering-the-silence-on-female-genital-mutilation-and-cutting/

    San Francisco Bay Area

    https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Francisco_Bay_Area

    Heute im Bereich Bay … den intaktivistischen Diskurs ausbremsen per Nebelwurf in gray

    Maria Akhter bei LinkedIn

    _ttps://www.linkedin.com/in/maria-akhter


    2018 NOMINEES

    https://wizathon.com/walk2endfgm/?id=3136

    Gewinnerin in der Kategorie Schülerbotschafterin

    Global Woman Award 2018 auch an Maria („gray area“) Akhter

    Maria Akhter nominated for The Global Woman Student Ambassador Award
    Sahiyo 05.07.2018

    Sahiyo’s Maria Akhter has been nominated to receive the Global Woman Award in the “Student Ambassador” category […]

    Sahiyo Volunteer nominated for The Global Woman Student Ambassador Award


    2017 trat Akhter in SAHIYO in. Die Studentin (Wirtschaft und Literatur) aus Kalifornien war zuständig für die organisatorische Durchführung des Treffens Anfang Mai 2018 in Berkeley.

    https://wizathon.com/walk2endfgm/?id=3136

    The three day digital storytelling workshop at StoryCenter

    Seeing Sahiyo Stories on Female Genital Cutting Come to Life

    .

    StoryCenter
    WPI · California’s Women’s Policy Institute
    Women’s Foundation of California’s Women’s Policy Institute

    https://www.storycenter.org/case-studies//womens-policy-institute-sharing-stories-of-womens-health-and-gender-justice

    .
    .

    The Making of Sahiyo Stories

    .

  202. Jacques Auvergne Says:

    ::

    Ali Amjad Rizvi (born 29 May 1975) is a Pakistani-born Canadian ex-Muslim atheist and secular humanist writer and podcaster who explores the challenges of Muslims who leave their faith. He writes a column for the Huffington Post and hosts the Secular Jihad podcast.

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_A._Rizvi

    Rizvi is the author of The Atheist Muslim: A Journey From Religion to Reason

    […] According to Rizvi, writing his book ‚would have been unthinkable about 20 years ago‘, recalling the outcry against Salman Rushdie’s The Satanic Verses (1988 and onwards) and the Jyllands-Posten Muhammad cartoons controversy (2005–6), but arguing that criticism of Islam had been largely normalised by the late 2010s. [ Dem ist nicht so. Ob in Berlin, London oder Washington, es ist nicht möglich, über den Islam – das ist die laut Islam gottgegebene Scharia und der menschlich anzuwendende Fiqh – fundiert, öffentlich detailliert zu sprechen oder gar zu schreiben. Rizvi ist ein weiterer Sonnenscheinatheist und Islamverharmloser. ]

    Rizvi is married to feminist and secular activist Alishba Zarmeen and lives in Toronto. He plays guitar in the rock band Dead Shyre with his brother Zameer Rizvi. [ Statt Rock-Gitarre zu spielen, besser endlich das Islamische Recht zurückweisen und dessen weltweite Abschaffung fordern, hm? Pseudo-Islamkritiker Rizvi schweigt und albert weiter.

    Burka und Niqab sind für Schariaversteher Rizvi kein Problem, Verbote der Gesichtsverschleierung hält Rizvi für falsch, denn: „Freedom of choice also means the freedom to make bad choices, and to me, the best way to fight bad ideas is with good ideas, not bans.“ ]

    In 2017, Rizvi launched the Secular Jihadists from the Middle East podcast together with ex-Muslims Armin Navabi (Atheist Republic), Faisal Saeed Al Mutar (Global Secular Humanist Movement) and Yasmine Mohammad (Confessions of an Ex-Muslim). In January 2018, the show was renamed Secular Jihadists for a Muslim Enlightenment, with Rizvi and Navabi as co-hosts, which fans can support through Patreon.

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_A._Rizvi#The_Atheist_Muslim

    .

    .

    Ali A. Rizvi @aliamjadrizvi

    Ali A. Rizvi hat DBWRF retweetet

    This entire account—@DBWRF—is of women defending female circumcision (khafz). They went through it themselves, and claim that it is different from #FGM. (It’s not.)

    Some of them claim to be feminists.

    Very similar also to arguments by men made for male circumcision:

    Ali A. Rizvi hat hinzugefügt,

    1:48

    DBWRF @dbwrf

    „Undergoing Khafz hasn’t impacted my professional life or my social life and my own health and well-being. As a woman, as a feminist I feel I have the right to do what pleases me and what is right.“ opines Batul Fatehi, IT…

    13:08 – 15. September 2018 | 15.09.2018

    _ttps://twitter.com/aliamjadrizvi/status/1041056128426160128

    ::

    ::
    ::

    Ali A. Rizvi @aliamjadrizvi

    Pakistani-Canadian author of The Atheist Muslim (SMP/Macmillan). Amazon order link below. Co-host of @SecularJihadist podcast.

    _ttps://twitter.com/aliamjadrizvi?lang=de

    ::

    https://twitter.com/aliamjadrizvi?lang=de

    .

    ::

  203. Jacques Auvergne Says:

    .

    Hearing dates: 23 – 25 October 2017
    Date of orders: 10 August 2018
    Decision date: 10 August 2018

    .

    Magennis v R; Vaziri v R – NSW Caselaw

    https://www.caselaw.nsw.gov.au/…/5b6d0731e4b09e9963071a8…

    Magennis maintained that the ceremony was one in which the ’skin sniffed the steel‘ (an implement touching the vulva) but did not involve any cut or nick to the […]

    A2 v R; Magennis v R; Vaziri v R [2018] NSWCCA 174
    Hoeben CJ at CL, Ward JA, Adams J

    __

    A2 v R; Magennis v R; Vaziri v R – NSW Caselaw

    ___ps://www.facebook.com/SupremeCourtNSW/posts/judgment-just-inthe-court-of-criminal-appeal-has-allowed-an-appeal-against-convi/1187133831435837/

    Court of Criminal Appeal
    Supreme Court
    New South Wales

    A2 v R; Magennis v R; Vaziri v R [2018] NSWCCA 174

    Read the judgment here: _ttps://bit.ly/2OYFr5V
    Read the judgment here: https://bit.ly/2OYFr5V

    _ttps://www.caselaw.nsw.gov.au/decision/5b68d25ce4b0b9ab4020e71c

    https://www.caselaw.nsw.gov.au/decision/5b68d25ce4b0b9ab4020e71c

    Summary: https://bit.ly/2KHDnLX
    Summary: _ttps://bit.ly/2KHDnLX

    .
    .

    Urteil über den Haufen geworfen: FGM-Prozess Australien Scheich Vaziri – Australia’s first female genital mutilation court case

    Ein schwarzer Tag für den Intaktivismus, insbesondere für den gebotenen Kampf gegen die weibliche Genitalverstümmelung (FGM)

    .

    Genital mutilation convictions overturned after new evidence showing victims remain intact

    By Emily Laurence

    Updated 12.08.2018, 5:52 am

    […]

    Nun aber hat der New South Wales Strafgerichtshof die Verurteilungen aller drei nach der Überprüfung neuer Experten zerrissen. Beweisbar nämlich sei, dass die Spitze der Klitoris an jedem Mädchen immer noch sichtbar war. But the New South Wales Court of Criminal Appeal has quashed the convictions of all three after reviewing new expert evidence, namely that the tip of the clitoris was still visible in each girl.

    […]

    Gemäß der Verteidigungsfall im Prozess sei eine „symbolische Chatna“ ohne Schneiden durchgeführt worden; Magennis beschrieb sie als Zeremonie, bei der „die Haut am Stahl schnüffelte“. It was the defence case at trial that ’symbolic khatna‘ had been performed with no cutting involved, described by Magennis as a ceremony whereby „skin sniffed the steel“.

    Die Beschwerdeführer argumentierten auch, dass ein Abschneiden oder Einschneiden keine Verstümmelung darstelle. The appellants also argued a cut or nick did not amount to mutilation.

    Das Berufungsgericht entschied, keine Wiederaufnahme des Verfahrens wegen anderweitiger mutmaßlicher Körperverletzung anzuordnen. The appeal court determined not to order a retrial on alternative allegations of assault occasioning actual bodily harm.

    http://www.abc.net.au/news/2018-08-11/genital-mutilation-convictions-overturned/10108106

    .

  204. Cees van der Duin Says:

    .

    FGM
    Islamic FGM
    Dawoodi Bohra
    India
    Supreme Court
    New Delhi
    A bench comprising Chief Justice Dipak Misra and justices A M Khanwilkar and D Y Chandrachud

    .

    The judgment was delivered by a five-Judge Constitution Bench comprising Chief Justice Dipak Misra and Justices AK Sikri, AM Khanwilkar, DY Chandrachud, and Ashok Bhushan

    Live Law (India) 24.09.2018

    https://www.livelaw.in/summary-of-constitution-bench-judgment-on-parliamentary-standing-committee-reports-read-judgment/

    Live Law is a comprehensive legal news portal and is set to redefine the standards of legal journalism in India. Our endeavour is to bring in more transparency in legal reporting without lowering the supremacy of law.

    https://www.livelaw.in/who-we-are/

    .
    .

    A bench comprising Chief Justice Dipak Misra and justices A M Khanwilkar and DY Chandrachud was hearing a PIL filed by a Delhi-based lawyer challenging the practice of female genital mutilation (FGM) of minor girls of the Dawoodi Bohra Muslim community.

    Asian Age 24.09.2018

    http://www.asianage.com/india/all-india/240918/sc-refers-female-genital-mutilation-plea-to-5-judge-constitution-bench.html

    .
    .

    SC refers PIL against female genital mutilation to five-judge constitution bench

    NEW DELHI: The Supreme Court Monday referred to a five-judge ..

    Times of India 24.09.2018

    http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/65930187.cms?utm_source=contentofinterest&utm_medium=text&utm_campaign=cppst

    https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/sc-refers-pil-against-female-genital-mutilation-to-five-judge-constitution-bench/articleshow/65930187.cms

    .
    .

    Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) Case: Supreme Court referred the matter to a five-judge Constitution bench. Petition filed had sought issuance of orders to impose a complete ban on practice of FGM throughout India for making it cognizable, non-compoundable and non-bailable offence

    23.09.2018

    _ttps://twitter.com/ANI/status/1044097120951816192

    .
    .

    Breaking – Female Genital Mutilation (#FGM) case –

    Attorney General seeks reference to larger bench of five judges to decide the issue. A three-judge bench presided over by the CJI Dipak Misra says court will frame issue itself and refer them to Constitution bench.

    23.09.2018

    _ttps://twitter.com/TheLeaflet_in/status/1044095029353025536

    .

  205. Edward von Roy Says:


    “The act must be done. It needs to be done discreetly when it is a woman, but it needs to be done.”

    – Syedna Muffadal Saifuddin’s speech at a mosque in Mumbai –

    Seine Heiligkeit der Syedna, Mufaddal Saifuddin am 24.04.2016 in Mumbai:

    „Das Ritual, das Ritual, das Ritual muss durchgeführt werden, ihr versteht was ich meine, ihr versteht mich völlig richtig. Bei einem männlichen Kind kann es ganz offen geschehen, bei einem weiblichen Kind eben heimlich, aber das Ritual muss gemacht werden. Wer auch immer es ist, wer auch immer etwas sagt.“


    Wie bei den – sunnitischen – Schafiiten ist den schiitischen Bohra, auch den Dawoodi Bohra, FGM religionsrechtliche (religiöse, hier: islamische) Pflicht, hatabernichtsmitdemislamzutun …


    PM Narendra Modi to meet head of Dawoodi Bohra community in Indore

    BHOPAL: Prime Minister Narendra Modi will meet the religious head of Dawoodi Bohra community, Syedna Mufaddal Saifuddin, at a mosque in Madhya Pradesh’s Indore city on Friday, officials said.

    Modi will meet Saifuddin at the Saifi Nagar mosque in the city, where the head of Dawoodi Bohra community is holding a nine-day religious discourse since Wednesday, the officials said. […]

    The New INDIAN EXPRESS 13.09.2018

    http://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2018/sep/13/pm-narendra-modi-to-meet-head-of-dawoodi-bohra-community-in-indore-1871597.html


    Traf das spirituelle Oberhaupt der Dawoodi Bohra und zeigt nun Verständnis für Islamic FGM:

    नरेन्द्र दामोदरदास मोदी
    નરેંદ્ર દામોદરદાસ મોદી
    Наре́ндра Дамодарда́с Мо́ди
    Narendra Damodardas Modi
    Narendra Modi

    .
    .

    Sahiyo @sahiyovoices 16:39 – 26. September 2018 | 16.09.2018

    „Modi govt does U-turn on female genital mutilation days after PM meets Dawoodi Bohra head“

    https://theprint.in/politics/modi-govt-does-u-turn-on-female-genital-mutilation-days-after-pm-meets-dawoodi-bohra-head/124750/

    .

    _ttps://twitter.com/sahiyovoices/status/1045095484182982659

    Modi govt does U-turn on female genital mutilation days after PM meets Dawoodi Bohra head

    by Sanya Dhingra 26. September, 2018 | 26.09.2018

    ( After supporting call for ban on practice, govt’s lawyer wants matter to be heard by constitution bench to decide on issue of religious rights and freedom. )

    New Delhi: The Narendra Modi government has reversed its stated position on the custom of female genital mutilation (FGM), practised by the Dawoodi Bohra community, raising doubts over its claims to ensure justice for Muslim women.

    Arguing in the Supreme Court Monday, Attorney General K.K. Venugopal, representing the Centre, said the matter should be referred to a constitution bench to decide on the issue of religious rights and freedom. […]

    In May 2017, Women and Child Development Minister Maneka Gandhi came out in full support of women seeking a ban on the practice. In an interview, Gandhi said the practice is a criminal offence and if the Dawoodi Bohra community doesn’t end it voluntarily, the government would bring in a law to end it. […]

    https://theprint.in/politics/modi-govt-does-u-turn-on-female-genital-mutilation-days-after-pm-meets-dawoodi-bohra-head/124750/

    ThePrint – um Shekhar Gupta – New Delhi – Indien

    https://theprint.in/about-us/


    [ In Indien stärkt Premierminister Narendra Modi muslimische Befürworter von Islamischer Genitalverstümmelung (Islamic FGM). Ein schwerer Rückschlag für die Kampagnen zur Beendigung der FGM in der einen Welt unteilbarer Menschenrechte (AEMR). ]

    Weibliche Genitalverstümmelung: Ein religiöses Recht? | mena-watch 28.09.2018 | Von Thomas von der Osten-Sacken

    […] Erfolg schien in Indien erreicht, bis sich der nationalistisch-hinduistische Premierminister Narendra Modi jüngst mit der Dawoodi Bohra Women’s Association for Religious Freedom (DBWRF) traf, einer konservativen Gruppe, die sich vehement für die „Beschneidung“ von Mädchen einsetzt. […]

    https://www.mena-watch.com/mena-analysen-beitraege/genitalverstuemmelung-ein-religioeses-recht/


  206. Edward von Roy Says:

    .

    FGM-Prozess gegen Nagarwala, Attar usw.:

    Drei neue Opfer Islamischer FGM in Illinois – Verhandlung wird möglicherweise verschoben (derzeit noch geplant: Januar 2019).

    „[…] Peter Henning, a Wayne State University Law School professor and former federal prosecutor, said the new indictment will likely result in the trial being delayed. It is currently scheduled to start in January. […] Dr. Nagarwala has denied committing any crime. She says she’s performed a religious custom on girls from her Muslim sect, the India-based Dawoodi Bohra.“

    Federal prosecutors add new charges in female genital mutilation case • by Virginia Gordan • Michigan Radio • 13.09.2018

    http://www.michiganradio.org/post/federal-prosecutors-add-new-charges-female-genital-mutilation-case

    .

    Feds level new charges in genital mutilation case

    by Robert Snell • The Detroit News • 13.09.2018

    [ 130 Millionen bzw. 140 Millionen ist die veraltete, heute falsche Zahl – mindestens 200 Milllionen Mädchen und Frauen weltweit sind Opfer von FGM. ]

    [ Mitangeklagt sind ]

    „[…] Farida Arif and Fatema Dahodwala, both of Oakland County […] Two mothers from Minnesota, Haseena Halfal and Zainab Hariyanawala […] Tahera Shafiq, 49, of Farmington Hills […]“

    https://eu.detroitnews.com/story/news/local/detroit-city/2018/09/12/female-genital-mutilation-case-widens-against-dr-jumana-nagarwala/1283383002/

    .

    Feds discover 3 more girls in genital mutilation case

    by Tresa Baldas • Detroit Free Press • 13.09.2018

    „[…] Prosecutors have now identified nine victims in the case: two 7-year-old girls from Minnesota; four Michigan girls ages 8-12, and the three Illinois girls.

    – Tylenol ist der Wirkstoff Paracetamol –
    – Valium (Handelsname) aus der Gruppe der Benzodiazepine ist Diazepam –

    According to the new indictment, one of the Michigan girls was given Valium ground up in liquid Tylenol during her procedure in 2015. […]“

    https://eu.freep.com/story/news/local/michigan/detroit/2018/09/13/female-genital-mutilation-victims-illinois-michigan/1284521002/

    .

  207. Edward von Roy Says:

    Neue Strategie der Vorkämpfer für Islamic FGM

    Dem US-Kongress habe die Befugnis gefehlt, 1996 ein Gesetz zu erlassen, das die weibliche Genitalverstümmelung [FGM] kriminalisiert, wie Nagarwalas Anwältin Molly Sylvia Blythe dem Richter sinngemäß weis machen wollte. Dem Kongress habe es insbesondere an der Kompetenz gemangelt, unter der Handelsklausel der US-Verfassung tätig zu werden, weil das Verfahren [die Islamische FGM] nichts mit zwischenstaatlichem Handel zu tun habe.

    „Verstümmelung ist keine wirtschaftliche Aktivität“, sagte Molly Sylvia Blythe. „Es hat nichts mit Handel oder einem wirtschaftlichen Unternehmen zu tun.“

    Die Staatsanwaltschaft widersprach und stellte sinngemäß fest, dass das Verbrechen zwischenstaatlichen Handel sehr wohl mit einbezieht. Christian Levesque, Prozessanwalt bei der Abteilung für Menschenrechte und besondere Strafverfolgungsbehörden des Justizministeriums, wies darauf hin, dass die Eltern Mobiltelefone (dt. ugs. Handys) benutzt haben, um die Operation [die Islamic FGM] zu arrangieren, dass Kinder, über die Grenzen von [US-]Staaten transportiert werden und dass die Operationen mit medizinischen Hilfsmitteln in staatlich zugelassenen Kliniken durchgeführt wurden oder werden.

    „Weibliche Genitalverstümmelung ist Teil eines Gesundheitsdienstes, eines illegalen Gesundheitsdienstes, eines illegalen und schädlichen Gesundheitsdienstes“, sagte Christian Levesque dem Richter. „Alle Formen der weiblichen Genitalverstümmelung sind im Kern ein wirtschaftlicher Dienst.“

  208. Edward von Roy Says:

    Stichworte

    FGM
    Islamic FGM
    USA
    Jumana Nagarwala
    Judge Bernard Friedman

    „Congress overstepped its bounds by legislating to prohibit“ […] „Federalism concerns deprive Congress of the power to enact this statute“


    Congress overstepped its bounds by legislating to prohibit [FGM]“

    https://womenintheworld.com/2018/11/21/in-landmark-fgm-case-michigan-doctor-gets-reprieve-due-to-legal-loophole/

    https://friendlyatheist.patheos.com/2018/11/21/judge-throws-out-charges-against-doctor-who-mutilated-genitalia-of-100-girls/


    […] In a decision filed Tuesday, Judge Bernard Friedman ruled that the federal female genital mutilation law is unconstitutional and that Congress did not have the right to criminalize the practice, and therefore he dismissed six of eight charges in the United States‘ first federal case involving the procedure. […]

    Friedman also noted that although Congress may regulate a practice if it is „commercial or economic in nature and that substantially affects interstate commerce,“ but „as despicable as [female genital mutilation] may be, it is essentially a criminal assault“ and not a commercial or economic enterprise, Friedman wrote. […]

    source: CNN

    Charges dropped in first federal genital mutilation case in US

    https://edition.cnn.com/2018/11/20/us/female-genital-mutilation-case-charges-dropped/index.html


    by Pam Belluck | 21.11.2018

    More than two decades ago, Congress adopted a sweeping law that outlawed female genital mutilation, an ancient practice that 200 million women and girls around the world have undergone. But a federal court considering the first legal challenge to the statute found the law unconstitutional on Tuesday, greatly diminishing the chances of it being used by federal prosecutors around the country.

    A federal judge in Michigan issued the ruling in a case that involved two doctors and four parents, among others, who had been criminally charged last year with participating in or enabling the ritual genital cutting of girls. Their families belong to a small Shiite Muslim sect, the Dawoodi Bohra, that is originally from western India.

    The case, the first to be brought under the 1996 law that criminalized female genital mutilation, has been closely followed by human rights advocates and communities where cutting is still practiced and whose members have moved in growing numbers to the United States and other western countries.

    On Tuesday, Judge Bernard Friedman of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Michigan ruled that Congress did not have the authority to pass the law against female genital mutilation and he dismissed key charges filed against the doctors and removed four of the eight defendants from the case.

    “As laudable as the prohibition of a particular type of abuse of girls may be,” he wrote, prosecutors failed to show that the federal government had the authority to bring the charges, and he noted that regulating practices like this is essentially a state responsibility. He rejected arguments that the law allowed for such a federal prosecution because Congress has a right to regulate commerce or health care or can enact laws to support international treaties that the United States has signed.

    Federalism concerns deprive Congress of the power to enact this statute,” Judge Friedman wrote. He added in the 28-page ruling, “Congress overstepped its bounds by legislating to prohibit FGM” because “FGM is a ‘local criminal activity’ which, in keeping with longstanding tradition and our federal system of government, is for the states to regulate, not Congress.” […]

    source:

    CBS

    Federal judge dismisses charges in female genital mutilation case in Detroit

    https://www.cbsnews.com/news/detroit-federal-judge-dismisses-charges-female-genital-mutilation-case/

  209. Cees van der Duin Says:

    USA, Strafrechtsprozess wegen FGM gegen Jumana Nagarwala

    Gerichtsverhandlung
    April 2019
    29.04.2019

    A trial is set for April 2019.

    https://eu.detroitnews.com/story/news/local/detroit-city/2018/11/29/jumana-nagarwala-attacks-genital-mutilation-case/2150203002/

    A trial date has been set for 29 April 2019

    https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/female-genital-mutilation-michigan-doctor-unconstitutional-us-a8645091.html

  210. Jacques Auvergne Says:

    .

    Children Act 1989 (Amendment) (Female Genital Mutilation) Bill [Lords]

    Britisches Anti-FGM-Gesetz 2019, es geht um die Möglichkeit rascherer staatlicher Inobhutnahme von durch FGM bedrohten Mädchen nach einer Alarmmeldung beispielsweise von Jugendamt oder Schule.

    Verkrampft echot jeder das (schlicht unwahre) Mantra von den an der FGM unschuldigen Religionen aller Welt.

    FGM hat mit Islam nichts zu tun – das sinngemäß will uns Zac Goldsmith verkaufen …

    „I could not agree more vehemently with my hon. Friend. FGM is not just a kind of child abuse; it is child abuse by any definition or metric.

    I said earlier that FGM has no basis in medicine and, despite what we are often told, nor does it have any basis in any religion. The practice is often wrongly blamed on Islam“

    … und Frank Zacharias Robin „Zac“ Goldsmith kann wissen, dass Somaliland mitnichten gegen FGM Typ I oder FGM Typ IV vorgehen möchte, sondern lediglich gegen FGM Typ III …

    I know, because the evidence shows, that a shift is happening. I mentioned Nimco Ali’s campaign in Somaliland. It is not one where she is having to bash her head against a brick wall. Every member of the newly elected Somaliland Government is on board in a mission to eradicate FGM. In Hargeisa, the capital, huge posters have been put up and paid for by government, although they were designed by the campaign groups at the grassroots, telling people that FGM is not only illegal but unethical and immoral, and without any basis whatsoever in religion“

    Auch Simon Hoare liest erfolgreich aus seinem Kaffeesatz „Die weibliche Genitalverstümmelung ist kein Erfordernis einer Religion, welcher auch immer“:

    „FGM. As others have said, this is not a medical procedure and it is not the religious requirement of one faith or another“

    Der Zusammenhang von Islam und FGM ist gegeben – doch auch Dr Rosena Allin-Khan (Tooting) (Lab) beweist dazu Unkenntnis oder Taqiyya. Vorab bagatellisiert sich die Zirkumzision, die im Ausmaß der sensitiven Zerstörung männliche Genitalverstümmelung, die einer FGM Typ Ib entspricht.

    „if this were happening to young boys or if this were little girls’ toes or fingers being cut off, we would be doing something.

    I stand here with colleagues from across the House tonight and say that this is not done in the name of any religion—certainly not any religion I know“

    Mrs Pauline Latham (Mid Derbyshire) (Con) hätte sagen können, dass FGM im modernen Rechtsstaat auch kulturell oder religiös nicht rechtfertigbar ist. Stattdessen sagt auch sie. „FGM ist weder kulturell noch religiös“. Damit tut sie dem Islam unrecht.

    „it is not cultural and not religious“

    Ob MUI (Indonesien) oder JAKIM (Malaysia), das staatliche Verbot der FGM wird durch die islamischen Autoritäten nicht akzeptiert. Helen Whately (Faversham and Mid Kent) (Con) ist von Fakten unbeirrt, obwohl sie unmittelbar vorab die korrekte Zahl von den mindestens 200 Millionen von FGM betroffenen Mädchen oder Frauen weltweit zitiert, die erst nach Einberechnung von Südostasien – schafiitischer Madhhab und Fiqh – zustande kam:

    „At least 200 million girls and women worldwide have undergone FGM. No religion endorses FGM“

    Chris Green (Bolton West) (Con) spricht von der Nulltoleranzpolitik gegenüber der FGM …

    „a zero-tolerance attitude to FGM … a zero-tolerance approach to FGM“

    … aber meint er, wie geboten, wirklich auch Typ Ia oder IV der WHO-Kategorie?

    Mike Wood (Dudley South) (Con) sagt immerhin gerechtfertigt, lässt aber offen, ob der säkulare Staat das so sieht oder die Muftis und Scheiche – im Islamischen Recht etwa der sunnitischen Sachafiiten oder der schiitischen Dawoodi Bohra ist die FGM sehr wohl justified, gerechtfertigt, und zwar als wâdschib (farD), als islamrechtlich zwingend geboten.

    „female genital mutilation is an horrific abuse. It is not justified by any religious requirements. There are no medical arguments for it; quite the contrary. Beyond the immediate pain and suffering caused by the procedure, there is ongoing risk of medical complications and life-long psychological effects for many women many, many years after they suffered the procedure. There can be no question of trying to justify the procedure on the basis of any cultural practices.“

    … und was, Mike Wood, wäre mit einem „trying to justify the procedure on the basis of any religious practices“.

    Über welchen Verstümmelungsbegriff haben im London des Jahres 2019 Oberhaus und Unterhaus eigentlich debattiert, auch über FGM Typ Ia oder IV, wie geboten?

    Die gerichtlichen Urteile bzw. politischen Entscheidungen stehen bevor. Ob 2019 in London oder aber in Detroit, Washington, New Delhi, Nairobi oder Berlin: Wenn die FGM nur genau so sehr religiös begründbar wäre wie die Zirkumzision, wäre sie dann erlaubt, jedenfalls solange sie vergleichsweise „nur“ so invasiv wäre wie die Jungenbeschneidung oder, als eine FGM Typ Ia oder IV, gar relativ weniger drastisch sprich lebenslang schädigend als die Zirkumzision?

    Noch ritueller Nadelstich oder Einschnitt (zu Typ IV), noch die geringst invasive Form der FGM muss weg, überall auf der Welt. Und Jungen verdienen keinen schlechteren Schutz, auch die Zirkumzision also muss überwunden werden.

    .

    https://hansard.parliament.uk/commons/2019-03-11/debates/A5AEF02E-19BF-4569-AF50-0A7F3102BEA7/ChildrenAct1989(Amendment)(FemaleGenitalMutilation)Bill(Lords)

    https://www.parliament.uk/business/news/2019/march/children-act-1989-amendment-female-genital-mutilation-bill-commons-stages/

    .

    Watch Parliament TV: Children Act 1989 (Amendment) (Female Genital Mutilation) Bill

    .

    https://www.parliamentlive.tv/Event/Index/0558e31f-4365-4056-bd80-8a1168dcffb9

    .
    .

    Children Act 1989 (Amendment) (Female Genital Mutilation) Bill [HL] 2017-19

    Sponsors: [ Eingebracht von: ]
    Lord Berkeley of Knighton [ Kompomist und Labour peer Lord Michael Berkeley ]
    Zac Goldsmith [ Conservative MP – stammt aus der jüdischen Familie Goldschmidt, die ihre Wurzeln in Deutschland hat, hauptsächlich Frankfurt am Main ]

    Last events

    Report stage: House of Commons Report stage: House of Commons 11 March, 2019 | 11.03.2019
    3rd reading: House of Commons 3rd reading: House of Commons 11 March, 2019 | 11.03.2019

    https://services.parliament.uk/bills/2017-19/childrenact1989amendmentfemalegenitalmutilation.html

    .
    .

    Hand aufs Herz: die weibliche Genitalverstümmelung hat durchaus auch mit Religion zu tun. Let’s face facts: FGM has something to do with religion

    Megan Manson blickt durch. Zum verbissenen Beschwören der britischen Parlamentarier, die FGM habe nichts mit Religion zu tun sowie zur sehr wohl gegebenen Vergleichbarkeit von FGM und Zirkumzision und der sich daraus ergebenden britischen (2019 können wir ergänzen: und US-amerikanischen, indischen, kenianischen und deutschen), im funktionierenden Rechtsstaat auf Dauer unhaltbaren Zwickmühle der Diskriminierung, Jungen genital verstümmeln zu dürfen und Mädchen nicht.

    (Doch nein, die Mehrheit der islamischen geistlichen Autoritäten verneint (reject) die FGM nicht (While it is true that the majority of Islamic scholars reject FGM), allenfalls weist sie den in der Tat unislamischen Typ III zurück oder aber (bis auf Schafiiten, Dawoodi Bohra und viele Hanbaliten) eine schariarechtliche Verpflichtung (wâdschib, farD) zur islamischen FGM. Islamrechtliches Einstufen als ehrbar (makrumâ) jedoch ist kein reject, Verneinen (zusätzlich: alle vier sunnitischen madhhâhib (Rechtsschulen) erkennen einander an). Daneben der nun mehrere Jahre alte Trick der Islamführer zwischen Kairo und Jakarta, der chitân al-inâth bzw. die sunat perempuan sei gar keine mutilation, keine Verstümmelung. Und wie gesagt: über welchen Verstümmelungsbegriff haben im London des Jahres 2019 Oberhaus und Unterhaus eigentlich debattiert, auch über FGM Typ Ia oder IV, wie geboten?)

    (…) Thanks to this bill moved by Conservative MP Zac Goldsmith, courts will be able to make girls in danger of FGM the subject of interim care orders under the Children Act 1989.

    This is very welcome news for the many individuals and organisations who have campaigned tirelessly for this change in law to protect girls‘ right to bodily autonomy.

    But the discussions surrounding this bill and FGM in general have revealed a strange and discomforting phenomenon: politicians rushing to declare that FGM has nothing to do with religion.

    During a debate in the House of Commons last week ahead of International Women’s Day, Labour MP Liz McInnes said: „FGM is a cultural rather than a religious practice.“

    On the same day in the House of Lords, minister for equalities Baroness Williams of Trafford echoed the sentiment: „Cultural practice is often used interchangeably with religious reasons. In fact, the practice of FGM has nothing to do with religion.“

    MPs continued to flock to religion’s defence during the third reading of Goldsmith’s bill on Monday. Goldsmith opened the debate, stating: „I said earlier that FGM has no basis in medicine and, despite what we are often told, nor does it have any basis in any religion.“

    He went on: „The practice is often wrongly blamed on Islam—this can particularly be seen on social media—both by extremists who want to justify or, in some cases, even advocate FGM and by others who wish to use FGM as a stick with which to bash the religion itself.“

    MPs raced to join in to defend religion from association with FGM. Conservative MP Simon Hoare added: „It is not the religious requirement of one faith or another“.

    Labour MP Sarah Champion even went one further to say „FGM is not a cultural practice“. She was backed by fellow Labour MP Rosena Allin-Khan: „I stand here with colleagues from across the House tonight and say that this is not done in the name of any religion—certainly not any religion I know—and nor is it acceptable cultural practice in any culture that I know.“

    These assertions, whatever their intentions, are not only inconsistent with each other; they are inconsistent with the facts.

    (…) A significant number of Muslims do believe FGM is a requirement of Islam. The Shafi’i school of Sunni Islam and the Dawoodi Bohra branch of Shia Islam are two sects that consider genital cutting to be a requirement [wâjib, farD, Islamic obligatory]. The Maliki, Hanafi and Hanbali schools of Sunni have also considered female genital cutting a ‚virtue‘ [makrumâ, honourable action, meritorious, noble deed]. In Malaysia, where 93% of women from Muslim families have undergone FGM, 82% claim it is a religious obligation. (…)

    by Megan Manson | Let’s face facts: FGM has something to do with religion | NSS – National Secular Society | 14.03.2019

    https://www.secularism.org.uk/opinion/2019/03/lets-face-facts-genital-cutting-has-something-to-do-with-religion

    .

    House of Lords debates FGM and Sharia Law in the UK

    nss – national secular society 12.12.2014

    https://www.secularism.org.uk/news/2014/12/house-of-lords-debates-fgm-and-sharia-law-in-the-uk

  211. Jacques Auvergne Says:

    Der Sudan und die islamische FGM

    .

    Wednesday 25 February 2009
    Letter to Sudan President on female genital cutting

    His Excellency President, Omer Hassan Ahmed Al Basheer

    (…)

    We, the undersigned, are concerned about the resolution issued by the Council of Ministers, dated 05/02/2009, withdrawing article (13) of the draft Child Act, which prohibits and criminalizes FGM. We are also concerned of inserting the same article in the Criminal Act, upon legalization of the so called „Islamic FGM„. This contravenes the state strategy and its national, regional and international obligations to eliminate the FGM, in its all forms. The decision of withdrawing article (13) is an abortion of the national formal and informal efforts which have been solidly exerted to affirm the need for a legislation that prohibits and criminalizes FGM in its all forms and with no exception in order to protect the health and integrity of the Sudanese women and girls.

    Addressing you with this regard, we declare refutation of any exception or any legislation that legalizes any form of the FGM. We urge you to re-include article (13) as it is originally drafted in the Child Act, based on the following:

    Firstly: the national and international obligations of the Sudan. (…)

    http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article30281

    SUDANESE LAW There is no national legislation banning the practice of FGM/C30. In 2009, the Sudanese government removed an article from the Child Act that would have criminalised FGM/C, drawing national and international condemnation; as shown in a petition presented in the Sudan Tribune online. (…)

    According to the Chr. Michelsen Institute, the reason for this is the conservative Salafi movementin Sudan which has claimed that the Sunna version of FGM/C is Islamic and criminalising it would be in opposition to Sharia law. (…)

    Klicke, um auf Waging_Peace_Report_on_FGM_in_Sudan_April_2016.pdf zuzugreifen

  212. Edward von Roy Says:

    Leider ohne jede Distanzierung von den rituellen Genitaloperationen an Minderjährigen (unter 18 Jahre alt) zu lesen auf der ankommen App bei DIK Deutsche Islam Konferenz | Von Prof. Dr. Mathias Rohe, 29.10.2012

    “ Die Schafiiten, die meisten Hanbaliten, Schiiten und einzelne malikitische Autoren betrachten die Beschneidung als zwingende religiöse Pflicht (Wadschib) (…) Die Hanafiten, die meisten Malikiten und eine schafiitische Mindermeinung sowie der Begründer der hanbalitischen Schule nach einer überlieferten Ansicht betrachten die Beschneidung als „Sunna“, als kultischen Brauch des Islam, welcher der natürlichen Veranlagung (Fitra) entspricht. “

    http://ankommenapp.de/DIK/DE/Magazin/Recht/Beschneidung-Grundlagen/beschneidung-grundlagen-node.html

    Auch hier (Zur religiös motivierten Beschneidung von Jungen und Männern im Islam), ebenfalls DIK Deutsche Islam Konferenz

    wir sind bund. – Beschneidung von Jungen – islamische Grundlagen

    http://www.wir-sind-bund.de/DIK/DE/Magazin/Recht/Beschneidung-Grundlagen/beschneidung-grundlagen-node.html

    .

    Mathias Rohe, ein deutscher Rechts- und Islamwissenschaftler und der Inhaber des Lehrstuhls für Bürgerliches Recht, Internationales Privatrecht und Rechtsvergleichung an der Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, verschweigt seit 2012, dass die geistlichen Autoritäten der schiitischen Dawoodi Bohra und der sunnitischen Schafiiten in Bezug auf die religiöse Pflicht zur „Beschneidung“ (MGM oder FGM) zwischen Junge und Mädchen nicht unterscheiden.

    Das gestrige Statement auf Deutschlandfunk (02.04.2019 „Die Beschneidung von Jungen ist im Islam keine Glaubenspflicht, wohl aber zählt sie zu den wichtigsten Empfehlungen“) ist mindestens schafiitisch sowie bei allen Bohra, nicht nur den Dawoodi, nicht richtig und Rohe weiß das.

    Wenig wissenschaftlich übergeht der über Sunna bzw. Sunna muakkada (sog. nachdrückliche Sunna, einem wadschib de facto gleichkommend) redende Islamexperte („Die Beschneidung gehört nicht zu diesen Pflichten, wird aber zu den wichtigsten Empfehlungen gezählt“) mindestens den Fiqh der siebenerschiitischen Bohra und der sunnitischen Schafiiten.

    Dass die weltweit verbreitete FGM auch ein sehr islamisches Problem ist, möchte Mathias Rohe der deutschen Öffentlichkeit nicht sagen.

    https://www.deutschlandfunk.de/serie-den-islam-leben-beschneidung-ja-nasenkorrektur-nein.886.de.html?dram:article_id=445166

  213. Edward von Roy Says:

    .

    Zero Tolerance for Female Genital Mutilation = FGM Type I, II, III, IV

    Arkansas macht es richtig und will mit Gesetzesvorschlag 318 neben FGM Typ III, II und Ib der WHO-Klassifikation auch FGM Typ Ia (The partial or total removal of the clitoris or the prepuce) sowie Typ IV (Pricking, piercing, incising, scraping, or cauterizing the genital area … Any other action to purposely alter the structure or function of the female genitalia for a nonmedical reason) verboten wissen. Nulltoleranz auch gegenüber den sogenannten milden Formen der weiblichen Genitalverstümmelung – bravo!

    As Engrossed: H2/26/19 | State of Arkansas
    SENATE BILL 318 | For An Act To Be Entitled

    AN ACT TO PROHIBIT UNLAWFUL FEMALE GENITAL MUTILATION OF A MINOR; TO PROVIDE FOR A CIVIL CAUSE OF ACTION; TO CREATE AWARENESS PROGRAMS CONCERNING AND STATISTICAL TRACKINGOF UNLAWFUL FEMALE GENITAL MUTILATION; TO DECLARE AN EMERGENCY; ANDFOR OTHER PURPOSES.

    Klicke, um auf SB318.pdf zuzugreifen

    SB318 as engrossed on 02-26-2019 09:38:23 … BE IT ENACTED BY THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY OF THE STATE OF ARKANSAS

    ftp://www.arkleg.state.ar.us/Bills/2019R/Public/Searchable/SB318.pdf

    .

  214. Adriaan Broekhuizen Says:

    .

    Das Schweigen von Gily Coene (Brüssel) und Sawitri Saharso (Wien) zum Chitan al-inath (Islamic FGM)

    .

    Sawitri SAHARSO

    Gibt es einen multikulturellen Feminismus? Ansätze zwischen Universalismus und Anti-Essenzialismus

    https://www.mattersburgerkreis.at/site/de/publikationen/hsk/article/84.html

    .

    Saharso, S. (2008). Multicultural Feminism: Finding our way between universalism and anti-essentialism. IPW Working Paper 3/2008. Institut für Politikwissenschaft, Universität Wien (27 p.).

    02.06.2016 – Sawitri Saharso is Professor of intercultural public administration at the Faculty of Management and Administration of the University of Twente and senior lecturer at the Department of Sociology of the Vrije University Amsterdam. Moreover, she was a guest professor at the IPW in the Winter Term 2006/2007 and is a collaborator in the VEIL project headed by Univ. Prof. Sieglinde Rosenberger and Univ. Prof. Birgit Sauer. Her research interests include questions of gender, ethnicity, national identity, and policy.

    https://www.researchgate.net/publication/303749350_Saharso_S_2008_Multicultural_Feminism_Finding_our_way_between_universalism_and_anti-_essentialism_IPW_Working_Paper_32008_Institut_fur_Politikwissenschaft_Universitat_Wien_27_p

    .

    While African women are offended by the term and feel excluded from the discussion by the Western society, more and more researchers try to discuss both sides: the perception of the practice by an African woman and the perception of FGM by Western societies. Saharso summarized the resentments towards the practice in four categories. The first is gender discrimination, as reasons to undergo FGM such as hygiene, virginity or purity are related to gender inequality. The second is the issue of au-tonomy, as in many tribes the practice is done to children who can neither consent nor defend themselves. Third she argues the right to health and protection against cruel and inhuman treatment, as type II and III FGM has long-term consequences with severe health problems. The last argument brought forward is the integrity of the body which is violated by FGM13. However, African women have similar reservation towards West-ern society practices and additionally do not welcome the intrusion from other women not belonging to their own culture. As Dr. Fuambai Ahmadu called it once, western feminists “ (…)

    Religion is another rea-son, while the Islam and Judaism call for male circumcision within a week after birth, no requirement for women is mentioned. [ Error – no Islam without FGM ]

    Kathrin A. Schwerdtfeger | University of Twente | Female Genital Mutilation as a reason to obtain asylum in the European Union.

    Supervisor 1: Dr. Ramses Wessel
    Supervisor 2: Dr. Sawitri Saharso

    Klicke, um auf BA-Kathrin_Schwerdtfeger_2012_-_Final.pdf zuzugreifen

    Female genital mutilation as a reason to obtain asylum in the European Union / Kathrin A. Schwerdtfeger, University of Twente (2012)

    Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) in EU

    _ttps://essay.utwente.nl/61974/1/BA-Kathrin_Schwerdtfeger_2012_-_Final.pdf

    .

    Gender and cultural understandings in medical nonindicated interventions: A critical discussion of attitudes toward nontherapeutic male circumcision and hymen (re)construction

    Gily Coene, Sawitri Saharso

    https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1477750919836642

    .
    .

    Gily Coene | Vrije Universiteit Brussel

    Gily Coene is Director of Rhea and a co-founder and VUB-program-director of the Interuniversity Master in Gender and Diversity.

    https://www.vub.ac.be/en/people/gily-coene

    https://research.vu.nl/en/publications/gender-and-cultural-understandings-in-medical-non-indicated-inter

    Klicke, um auf Coene_Sah_Clinical_Ethics_.pdf zuzugreifen

    .

  215. Pekka Saimaa Says:

    In vier Tagen …

    Montag, den 29. April 2019 Gerichtsverhandlung gegen die US-amerikanische Ärztin und Mädchenbeschneiderin (FGM) Dr. Jumana Nagarwala

    .

    United States v. Nagarwala (2:17-cr-20274) District Court, E.D. Michigan

    Final Pretrial Conference set for 4/10/2019

    Jury Trial set for 4/29/2019

    https://www.courtlistener.com/docket/6275136/united-states-v-nagarwala/

    Dr. Farida Attar and her husband, Dr. Fakhruddin Attar, enter federal court in Detroit in September. … A trial is set for April 2019.

    https://eu.detroitnews.com/story/news/local/oakland-county/2018/11/06/prosecutors-defend-female-genital-mutilation-case-court-hearing/1901190002/

    Es kann sein, dass das bestehende US-amerikanische Bundesgesetz völlig ungeeignet konstruiert worden ist und ein funktionierendes Anti-FGM-Gesetz erst geschaffen werden muss.

    Unabhängig davon sollte jeder Bundesstaat ein gründlich gemachtes Strafgesetz gegen FGM (Typ I, II, III, IV) schaffen.

  216. Jeremy Clifford Says:

    A trial is set for April 2019.

    https://eu.detroitnews.com/story/news/local/oakland-county/2018/11/06/prosecutors-defend-female-genital-mutilation-case-court-hearing/1901190002/

    NOCIRC of Michigan · 06.11.2018 ·

    Courtroom drama today in Detroit: “The FGM law is unconstitutional because it is neither Trade nor Treaty.”

    _ttps://www.facebook.com/NOCIRCofMI/photos/a.384029071703496/1699196480186742/?type=3&theater

    NOCIRC of Michigan ist hier: Theodore Levin United States Courthouse

    06.11.2018 · Detroit, United States ·

    Courtroom drama today in Detroit: “The FGM law is unconstitutional because it is neither Trade nor Treaty.”

    Norm Cohen, Executive Director of NOCIRC of Michigan, and Karmen Sagrestano were sitting in the Federal courtroom downtown today (Nov. 6th, 2018) for a one-hour hearing about the Detroit FGM case. Defense lawyers for Dr. Nagarwala tried to convince a federal judge to dismiss all female genital mutilation charges, arguing that the law is unconstitutional.

    The prosecuting attorney delivered a strong rebuttal, arguing that FGM is indeed commerce and is meant to comply with human rights treaties ratified by the United States.

    The clever claims made by the Defense were that Congress had no authority back in 1996 to pass a law against FGM because it doesn’t serve to regulate commerce or implement a treaty. Their intent was simply to pass a law against a violent act between private individuals, an area that is usually left up to state law, not federal ones. (This follows the concept of Federalism where legislative power is distributed to the states unless specifically identified in the US Constitution.)

    Michigan did not have a law against FGM prior to July 2017, and the alleged crimes occurred well before that.

    The issues of male circumcision, religious freedom, or parental rights were not raised.

    US District Judge Bernard Friedman said he would file a written opinion soon on the motion to dismiss the charges. Stay tuned!

    Meanwhile, the trial in this case is now scheduled for April 29th, 2019 and is expected to last up to 4 weeks.

    _ttps://www.facebook.com/NOCIRCofMI/photos/courtroom-drama-today-in-detroit-the-fgm-law-is-unconstitutional-because-it-is-n/1699196480186742/

  217. Jeremy Clifford Says:

    .

    [ Islamic FGM, here: the Shia FGM of Dawoodi Bohra community ]

    „There is nothing commercial or economic about FGM“

    – U.S. District Judge Bernard Friedman –

    „(Female genital mutilation) is not part of a larger market and it has no demonstrated effect on interstate commerce. The Commerce Clause does not permit Congress to regulate a crime of this nature.“

    see:

    Feds abandon female genital mutilation appeal | by Robert Snell The Detroit News | The Detroit News 12.04.2019

    https://eu.detroitnews.com/story/news/local/detroit-city/2019/04/12/feds-abandon-female-genital-mutilation-fight/3445497002/

    .
    .

    In a major blow to the anti-female genital mutilation movement, the Department of Justice has decided it will not fight to uphold America’s FGM law, concluding it is too weak as written and needs to be changed in order to successfully prosecute anyone.

    That means the female genital mutilation charges against two Michigan doctors and six others will be officially dismissed, just as the defendants had requested, arguing the FGM law is unconstitutional. (…)

    “The department has reluctantly determined that … it lacks a reasonable defense of the (law), as currently worded, and will not pursue an appeal”

    – Solicitor General Noel Francisco in a letter to Congress, calling FGM

    „an especially heinous practice … that should be universally condemned.“

    The U.S. Attorney’s Office in Detroit declined comment on the Solicitor General’s letter, which was addressed to U.S. Sen. Dianne Feinstein, ranking member of the Senate Judiciary Committee.

    source:

    Feds give up on female genital mutilation law, say it’s too weak
    Tresa Baldas | Detroit Free Press 12.04.2019

    https://eu.freep.com/story/news/local/michigan/detroit/2019/04/12/female-genital-mutilation-law/3445289002/

    .
    .

    OIP Library – US v. Nagarwala – 530D – Department of Justice

    “ The court found that FGM was not an economic activity but was instead a form of physical assault “

    [ 10.04.2019 | written by Noel J. Francisco – Solicitor General – U.S. Department of Justice ]

    [ Letter to The Honorable Dianne Feinstein – Ranking Member – Committee on the Judiciary – United States Senate – Washington, DC 20510 ]

    10.04.2019 – The Honorable Dianne Feinstein. Ranking Member (…) United States v. Jumana Nagarwala et al., No. l 7-cr-20274 (E.D. Mich. Nov. 20,. 2018).

    https://www.justice.gov/oip/foia-library/osg-530d-letters/4_10_2019/download

    .

  218. Adriaan Broekhuizen Says:

    .

    Presseeinladung: Anlässlich des weltweiten Tags der genitalen Selbstbestimmung am 07. Mai 2019

    TERRE DES FEMMES – Projekt 100% MENSCH – MOGiS laden ein:

    Gemeinsame Pressekonferenz am 7. Mai 2019 zum Start der Kampagne „Mein Körper – unversehrt und selbstbestimmt“

    Berlin, 29. April 2019. Anlässlich des weltweiten Tages der genitalen Selbstbestimmung veranstalten TERRE DES FEMMES – Menschenrechte für die Frau e.V., Projekt 100% Mensch gemeinnützige UG und MOGiS e.V. – Eine Stimme für Betroffene eine gemeinsame Pressekonferenz mit fachlich kompetenter Podiumsbesetzung zum Recht von Kindern auf körperliche Unversehrtheit.

    Die Pressekonferenz ist gleichzeitig der Startschuss für die einjährige Aufklärungs- und Sensibilisierungskampagne „Mein Körper – unversehrt und selbstbestimmt“, die den Dialog um das Thema Genitalverstümmelung in Deutschland initiieren wird. Denn medizinisch nicht notwendige Eingriffe am Genital verletzen das Recht des Kindes auf körperliche Unversehrtheit und greifen die Würde des Kindes als Individuum an. Diese Genitalverstümmelungen werden oft als „Beschneidungen“ verharmlost und unter dem Deckmantel kultureller oder religiöser Zugehörigkeiten bzw. häufig fragwürdiger medizinischer Begründungen entschuldigt.

    Genitalverstümmelung betrifft uns alle. Denn das Recht, über die eigenen Genitalien selbst zu entscheiden, ist ein Menschenrecht. Um alle Facetten dieses Themas fachlich zu diskutieren, laden wir Sie herzlich zu unserer Pressekonferenz ein.

    WAS: Pressekonferenz und Podiumsdiskussion zum Start der Kampagne „Mein Körper – unversehrt und selbstbestimmt“

    WANN: 7. Mai 2019, 10:30

    WO: Haus der Demokratie und Menschenrechte (Berlin-Friedrichshain), Greifswalder Str. 4, 10405 Berlin

    WER:

    Seyran Ateş, Gründerin Ibn-Rushd-Goethe Moschee, Rechtsanwältin

    Holger Edmaier, Geschäftsführer Projekt 100% MENSCH

    Victor Schiering, Vorsitzender MOGiS – Eine Stimme für Betroffene

    Katharina Vater, Referentin für Intergeschlechtlichkeit und trans*, InTra Beratung @Projekt 100% MENSCH

    Charlotte Weil, Referentin zu weiblicher Genitalverstümmelung, TERRE DES FEMMES Menschenrechte für die Frau

    Moderation: Brian Thomas

    Interviewmöglichkeiten: Nach der Podiumsdiskussion sind Einzelinterviews mit Medizinern, Betroffenen, Fachreferenten und den Initiatoren möglich.

    https://frauenrechte.de/online/presse/aktuelle-pressemitteilungen/3766-presseeinladung-anlaesslich-des-weltweiten-tags-der-genitalen-selbstbestimmung-am-07-mai-2019

    .

  219. Edward von Roy Says:

    Geschrieben von der couragierten Muslima Seyran Ateş am 30.04.2019 ·

    Genitalverstümmelungen werden oft als „Beschneidungen“ verharmlost und unter dem Deckmantel kultureller oder religiöser Zugehörigkeiten bzw. fragwürdiger medizinischer Begründungen entschuldigt.

    Medizinisch nicht notwendige Eingriffe am Genital verletzen das Recht des Kindes auf körperliche Unversehrtheit und greifen die Würde des Kindes als Individuum an.

    Am 7. Mai 2019 startet deshalb die einjährige Aufklärungs- und Sensibilisierungskampagne „Mein Körper – unversehrt und selbstbestimmt“, die den Dialog um das Thema Genitalverstümmelung in Deutschland initiieren wird.

    Anlässlich des weltweiten Tages der genitalen Selbstbestimmung veranstalten TERRE DES FEMMES, Projekt 100% Mensch und MOGiS zeitgleich eine gemeinsame Pressekonferenz mit Podiumsbesetzung.

    Neben Holger Edmaier, Victor Schiering und Katharina Vater werde auch ich dabei über Religionsfreiheit und das Recht von Kindern auf körperliche Unversehrtheit diskutieren.

    WANN: 7. Mai 2019, 10:30

    WO: Haus der Demokratie und Menschenrechte (Berlin-Friedrichshain), Greifswalder Straße, Berlin

    h t t ps://www.facebook.com/SeyranAtesStopExtremism/photos/a.1595561590753211/2009755109333855/?type=3&theater

    Der Verteidiger der religiösen männlichen Beschneidung Volker Beck kommentiert:

    Wenn Frau Seyran Ates das Judentum aus Deutschland vertreiben will, soll sie nicht über ein Stück Haut reden, sondern es deutlich sagen. Dann hat sie mich zum Feind. Wenn sie das nicht will, soll sie ggf. sorgfältiger formulieren. Der Thread ist antisemitischer und antimuslimischer Populismus.

    01.05.2019 v. 2 Std.

    h t t ps://www.facebook.com/SeyranAtesStopExtremism/posts/2009756202667079?comment_id=2009918425984190

  220. 1+1=2 Says:

    Bearbeitungsverlauf
    Gudrun Assmann
    Das hat nichts mit Islam zu tun, sondern patriarchale Brutalitäten von Leuten, die genauso wenig vom Islam wissen wie die Mehrheit hierzulande.

    18 Std.
    Gudrun Assmann
    Das hat nichts mit Islam zu tun, sondern patriarchale Brutalitäten von Leuten, die genauso wenig vom Islam wissen wie die Mehrheit hierzulande.
    Die weibliche Genitalverstümmelung wird absolut nicht in der islamischen Theologie erwähnt.
    16 Std.

    ___ps://www.facebook.com/SeyranAtesStopExtremism/posts/2009756202667079?comment_id=2009781452664554&reply_comment_id=2009945349314831&comment_tracking=%7B%22tn%22%3A%22R%22%7D

  221. Adriaan Broekhuizen Says:

    (Kenntnisreich und witzig wird das Mantra von der Unvergleichbarkeit von FGM und MGM zerpflückt.)

    .

    Na dann vergleichen wir mal die männliche mit der weiblichen Genitalverstümmelung oder auch liebevoll „Beschneidung“ genannt:

    Wenn sich der gravierende Unterschied findet, dann kann man das Ganze vielleicht auch besser verstehen. Es soll ja etwas völlig anderes sein und üüüberhaupt nicht vergleichbar.

    Also:

    während man jungen Mädchen an ihrem Genital ungefragt schneidet, schneidet man bei kleinen Jungen ungefragt an ihren Genitalien. Hmmm … blöde Sache … suchen wir weiter:

    während man bei Mädchen das von Kleinstkindalter bis zu jungen Mädchen ausführt, ist es … äääh…

    Hmmm … blöde Sache … suchen wir weiter:

    während man bei Mädchen dies gegen ihren Willen macht, ist es bei Knaben … äääh…

    Hmmm … blöde Sache … suchen wir weiter:

    während bei den Mädchen die Eltern einverstanden sind, ist es bei Knaben … äääh…

    Hmmm … blöde Sache … suchen wir weiter:

    während bei Mächen die Eltern selbst an ihren Genitalien beschnitten sind und es besser wissen müssten, ist es bei Knaben … äääh

    Hmmm … blöde Sache … suchen wir weiter:

    während bei Mädchen Teile von erogenem Gewebe entfernt werden, wird bei Knaben … äääh …

    Hmmm … blöde Sache … suchen wir weiter:

    während man es bei Mädchen mit Vorteilen rechtfertigt, wird es bei Knaben mit Vorteilen rechtfertigt … äääh …

    Hmmm … blöde Sache … suchen wir weiter:

    während man es bei Mädchen mit Traditionen erklärt, wird es bei Knaben mit Traditionen erklärt … äääh …

    Hmmm … blöde Sache … suchen wir weiter:

    während man es bei Mädchen mit Religion rechtfertigt, wird es bei Knaben … äääh … schon wieder 😦

    Hmmm … blöde Sache … suchen wir weiter:

    während es bei Mädchen ohne Narkose durchgeführt wird, wird es bei Knaben … äääh …

    Hmmm … blöde Sache … suchen wir weiter:

    während es bei Mädchen schmerzvoll ist, ist es bei Knaben … äääh … auch

    Hmmm … blöde Sache … suchen wir weiter:

    während es bei Mädchen Krankheiten verhindern oder für gesellschaftliche Akzeptanz in der Gemeinschaft sorgt, ist es bei Knaben … äääh … auch

    Hmmm … blöde Sache … suchen wir weiter:

    während bei Mädchen Risiken und Komplikationen vorhanden sind, ist es bei Knaben … äääh …

    Hmmm … blöde Sache … suchen wir weiter:

    während es bei der Beschneidung zu Todesfällen bei Mädchen kam, wird bei Knaben … äääh … auch 😦

    Hmmm … blöde Sache … suchen wir weiter:

    Während das ganze bei Mädchen völlig schockiert, ist es bei Knaben ein tolles „Feature“, was man aus diversen Gründen nicht kritisieren darf.

    DA ist es ja! Zwei weitere fallen mir noch ein. Bei einer Forderung nach Aufhören JEDER noch so blöd begründeten Schnippelei an Kindergenitalien wirkt die Antisemitismus- und Xenophobie und andere Keule nur bei der weiblichen Verstümmelung:

    – beschnittene Frauen dürfen sich nicht als „keine Opfer“ fühlen, während beschnittene Männer sich nicht als Opfer fühlen dürfen

    – während man bei der männlichen Beschneidung ziemlich ungebildet zu sein scheint (verhindert HIV, Babys spüren keinen Schmerz), ist man bei Mädchen noch ungebildeter und behauptet einfach, die diversen Formen der weiblichen Verstümmlung gäbe es gar nicht.

    Etwas vergessen?

    ( von Sebastian Karkus am heutigen 1. Mai 2019 )

    _ttps://www.facebook.com/SeyranAtesStopExtremism/posts/2009756202667079?comment_id=2009993025976730&comment_tracking=%7B%22tn%22%3A%22R%22%7D

  222. Jacques Auvergne Says:

    BELGIQUE

    Comité consultatif de Bioéthique de Belgique

    Avis du 8 mai 2017 relatif aux aspects éthiques de la circoncision non médicale

    Le Comité propose, à l’unanimité, de réfléchir à surmonter les controverses en encourageant l’évolution des pratiques vers la seule symbolique, de sorte que les rites continuent à se réaliser, mais sans inscription dans la chair de l’enfant.

    Klicke, um auf avis_70_circoncision.pdf zuzugreifen

    .

    BELGIË

    Belgisch Raadgevend Comité voor Bio-ethiek

    Advies nr. 70 – ethische aspecten van de niet-medische besnijdenis

    Het Comitéstelt unaniem voor om na te denken hoe de controverses kunnen worden overstegen. Best zou men streven naar een symbolische praktijk, waarbij men de fysieke integriteit zou respecteren (dus niet snijden in het vlees).

    Klicke, um auf advies_70_besnijdenis.pdf zuzugreifen

    .

    BELGIEN

    Belgischer Beratender Ausschuss für Bioethik

    Gutachten Nr. 70 vom 08. Mai 2017 über die ethischen Aspekteder nichtmedizinischen Bescheidung

    Am besten sollte eine symbolische Praxis angestrebt werden, bei der die körperliche Unversehrtheit geachtet würde (also nicht ins Fleisch schneiden).

    Klicke, um auf gutachten_70_-_die_ethischen_aspekte_der_nichtmedizinischen_beschneidung_0.pdf zuzugreifen

    .

    BELGIUM

    Belgian Advisory Committee on Bioethics | FPS Public Health

    Opinion no. 70 of 8 May 2017 on the ethical aspects of nonmedical circumcision

    The best way forward would be to strive for a symbolic practice, in which physical integrity would be respected (in other words, no cutting of the flesh).

    Klicke, um auf opinion_70_web.pdf zuzugreifen

  223. Edward von Roy Says:

    ·

    Noch die geringst invasive Form der FGM muss, weltweit, verboten bleiben bzw. werden, etwa auch die Islamische Mädchenbeschneidung (khitan al-inath, sunat perempuan usw.).

    „Ich bin kein Verfechter der weiblichen Genitalverstümmelung, aber ein Befürworter der der weiblichen Beschneidung. I’m not an advocate of female genital mutilation but I am an advocate of female circumcision.“

    Gut, dass die irischen Studenten gegen ihren Dozenten für Arabische Sprache protestiert haben.

    Kein Islam ohne FGM und Dr. Ali Selim, Arabischdozent in Irland und Verteidiger der religiösen Mädchenbeschneidung sprich weiblichen Genitalverstümmelung (Islamic FGM) erhält 6.144 plus 7.500 €.

    Wiedereingestellt werde der Freund der FGC sprich FGM nicht, so hieß es noch vor einem Jahr. Im Oktober 2019 wird eine Entscheidung getroffen.

    ·
    ·

    (Selim said he was fired over comments about female genital circumcision, but Trinity said there was ‚insufficient student interest‘ in his classes.)

    The University Times · 16.09.2019 · by Donal MacNamee

    Ali Selim Awarded €7.5k from Labour Court After Unfair Dismissal by Trinity

    (…) In 2018, after Selim said on Prime Time that “I’m not an advocate of female genital mutilation but I am an advocate of female circumcision”, Trinity’s Director of Public Affairs and Communications Tom Molloy said that “both the university’s teaching body and students believe that the practice” of female genital mutilation is “always wrong”.

    In a letter, then-TCDSU President Kevin Keane called for Selim’s immediate dismissal “on behalf of all students”.

    The College subsequently provided a second Arabic-language teacher in order to facilitate parallel classes, so students who did not wish to be taught by Dr Ali Selim could opt for a different teacher.

    In an email statement at the time, Molloy said that the addition of a second teacher will “ensure that students who have criticised Dr Selim in a letter to their head of school will have the option to take lessons and exams with a new teacher”.

    https://www.universitytimes.ie/2019/09/ali-selim-awarded-e7-5k-from-labour-court-after-unfair-dismissal-by-trinity/

    ·

    Labour Court chairman, Kevin Foley

    https://www.thejournal.ie/ali-selim-trinity-college-awarded-labour-court-4811414-Sep2019/

    ·

    (Dr Selim ‘got caught up in wave of negative publicity’ – Workplace Relations Commission.)

    The Irish Times · 23.04.2019 · by Gordon Deegan

    Trinity lecturer wins unfair dismissal case over female circumcision comments

    A university lecturer at the centre of controversy last year over television comments he made about female genital mutilation (FGM) has won his unfair dismissal case against Trinity College Dublin (TCD).

    Workplace Relations Commission (WRC) adjudication officer Penelope McGrath has ordered TCD to pay Arabic lecturer Dr Ali Selim €6,144 after finding he was unfairly dismissed by the college last September.

    Dr Selim is one of the leading figures in the Irish Muslim community. Ms McGrath has ordered TCD to pay Dr Selim €4,000 for his unfair dismissal, €1,644 for non-payment of notice and €500 for not receiving his written terms of employment. (…)

    https://www.irishtimes.com/news/crime-and-law/trinity-lecturer-wins-unfair-dismissal-case-over-female-circumcision-comments-1.3869583

    ·

    (Ali Selim was awarded €7,500 by the Labour Court after his dismissal from Trinity in 2018.)

    Trinity News (Trinity College, Dublin) · 16.09.2019 · by Jessica Hobbs Pifer

    Labour Court orders payment, but not reinstatement, of Ali Selim in unfair dismissal case

    The Labour Court has awarded €7,500 to Ali Selim, a former lecturer, after it ruled Selim that had been unfairly dismissed from his position as an Arabic lecturer following comments he made on RTÉ regarding female circumcision.

    Selim called for the maximum award of two years’ salary, which would amount to over €18,000, or for reinstatement to his position.

    However, the Labour Court outlined that it did not see Selim being reinstated in Trinity as a practical option.

    The Workplace Relations Commission (WRC) had previously awarded Selim a total of €6,144, comprising €4,000 for unfair dismissal, €1,644 for non-payment of notice and €500 for not receiving his written terms of employment. (…)

    Following Selim’s comments on Prime Time, former TCDSU President Kevin Keane addressed a letter to Provost Patrick Prendergast which said that “a person who would advocate, openly and without shame, for a universally condemned, dangerous and evil practice whose sole purpose is to torture and subjugate, has no place in Trinity’s community of learning”. The letter called for Selim’s “immediate dismissal from any and all posts in Trinity,” and “a public condemnation of his stated position”.

    A College spokesperson at the time stated: “Trinity College Dublin utterly condemns female genital mutilation in all circumstances. Both the university’s teaching body and students believe that the practice is always wrong”.

    http://trinitynews.ie/2019/09/labour-court-orders-payment-but-not-reinstatement-of-ali-selim-in-unfair-dismissal-case/

    ·

    (Dr Ali Selim seeking to have part-time lecturing role at Trinity reinstated.)

    The Irish Times · 30.08.2019 · by Seán McCárthaigh

    Leading Muslim figure claims he was fired over comments made on RTÉ

    (…) Dr Ali Selim Dr Selim is also spokesperson for the Islamic Cultural Centre in Clonskeagh, Dublin. (…)

    Ian Whelan BL, for Trinity, (…) said the suggestion by Dr Selim that he was dismissed because of his comments on RTÉ was “wholly misconstrued” and “erroneous”.

    Mr Whelan said Trinity regarded the reinstatement of the claimant as “wholly inappropriate”.

    A ruling in the case is expected in October.

    https://www.irishtimes.com/news/crime-and-law/leading-muslim-figure-claims-he-was-fired-over-comments-made-on-rt%C3%A9-1.4002586

    ·

    The Irish Times | 08.03.2018 | by Aine McMahon

    Leading Muslim figure Ali Selim backs female circumcision

    Dr Ali Selim of the Islamic Cultural Centre of Ireland has said he advocates female circumcision.

    Female circumcision, also termed female genital mutilation (FGM), is illegal under the Criminal Justice (Female Genital Mutilation) Act 2012. (…)

    “I’m not an advocate of female genital mutilation but I am an advocate of female circumcision. We see female circumcision in the same way we see male circumcision. It might be needed for one person and not another, and it has to be done by a doctor and practised in a safe environment,” Dr Selim told RTÉ’s Prime Time.

    “People by nature are different and their organs are different. What one person needs is not necessarily needed by another, and it should be determined by a doctor,” he said. (…)

    When asked whether he believed it should be carried out for cultural or religious reasons, he said: “In the Koran it says clearly, ask of the people of knowledge if you do not know, so it means you ask a medical doctor,” he said.

    He said people need a medical expert to tell them if a circumcision it is needed or not.

    “If a doctor advises it is needed, then it has to be done. Religion says it does not have to be practised, our religion says to ask the people with knowledge,” he said. (…)

    https://www.irishtimes.com/life-and-style/health-family/leading-muslim-figure-ali-selim-backs-female-circumcision-1.3385891

    ·

    Islamic Cultural Centre of Ireland

    Das Islamic Cultural Centre of Ireland (ICCI; Islamisches Kulturzentrum von Irland, irisch Ionad Cultúrtha Ioslamach na hÉireann) mit seiner Moschee befindet sich in Clonskeagh, einer Vorstadt von Dublin, Irland. Sein Direktor ist Nooh Al-Kaddo (geb. 1953 in Mossul, Irak), der 1997 von Liverpool nach Dublin zog, um das Islamische Zentrum zu führen. Der Irish Times zufolge verfügt das Zentrum über 20 Mitarbeiter, meist arabischer Herkunft, die Vollzeit-Mitarbeiter der al-Maktoum-Stiftung sind. Die Stiftung ist nach Muhammad bin Raschid Al Maktum benannt, dem Herrscher des Emirats Dubai, der bei der offiziellen Eröffnung des Kulturzentrums am 16. November 1996 gemeinsam mit Präsidentin Mary Robinson anwesend war. Der Hauptsitz der Internationalen Union Muslimischer Gelehrter unter Scheich Yusuf al-Qaradawi befand sich vor seinem Umzug nach Katar am ICCI. Der European Council for Fatwa and Research (ECFR) hat hier seinen Sitz. Der Imam des ICCI, Scheich Hussein Mohammed Halawa, ist der Generalsekretär des ECFR.

    https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_Cultural_Centre_of_Ireland

    ·

    Workplace Relations Commission

    The Workplace Relations Commission (formerly the Equality Tribunal) is an Irish government-operated quasi-judicial forum which decides cases of alleged discrimination under Irish equality legislation. It was established under the Employment Equality Act 1998, and its capacity has been enhanced under the Employment Equality Acts 1998–2008, Equal Status Acts 2000–2008 and Pensions Acts 1990–2008. This has been replaced by the Workplace Relations Commission in 2015.

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Workplace_Relations_Commission

    .

  224. Edward von Roy Says:

    .

    [ FGM-Strafrechtsprozess USA gegen Dr. Jumana Nagarwala – also die religiös begründete weibliche Genitalverstümmelung (Chatna anglis. khatna, d. i. Islamic FGM) der schiitischen Dawoodi Bohra. Soweit noch nicht geschehen, muss jeder einzelne US-amerikanische Bundesstaat ein gut gemachtes Gesetz gegen weibliche Genitalverstümmelung schaffen, denn sicherlich hätte man das bestehende (US-weite) Anti-FGM-Gesetz nicht auf einem gegebenen interstate commerce aufbauen sollen. ]
    __

    Herald-Mail Media · 19.09.2019

    Effort to end female genital mutilation suffers legal setback

    On Friday, the U.S. 6th Circuit Court of Appeals denied a motion by congressional leaders to defend the constitutionality of the FGM ban. It also granted the government’s and the defendant’s request to voluntarily dismiss the case.

    Shannon Smith, attorney for the lead defendant in the case, Dr. Jumana Nagarwala, said the appeals court got it right.

    The 6th Circuit decision, however, devastated anti-FGM activists, who fear people who support genital cutting practices on religious grounds will still get away with it in the U.S. The defendants in the Michigan case are all members of a small Indian Muslim sect known as the Dawoodi Bohra, who practice female circumcision and view it as a religious rite of passage, alleging it involves only a minor “nick.”

    “We are deeply concerned that this decision puts girls at risk as the lack of a federal ban leaves an inter-state loophole and creates confusion among law enforcement charged with protecting girls from this practice,” the US END FGM/C NETWORK said in a statement Wednesday. “The decision is also discouraging to anti-FGM/C advocates, including survivors, who have been bravely speaking out against this practice, and dismantles education and prevention efforts in the U.S. and across the globe.”

    https://www.heraldmailmedia.com/news/nation/effort-to-end-female-genital-mutilation-suffers-legal-setback/article_38e97c7d-52f9-55e0-a8bd-11ab2b152373.html

    .

    Detroit’s female genital mutilation case takes a big legal hit

    by Tresa Baldas Detroit Free Press · Detroit Free Press 19.09.2019

    (…) The historic case has had a series of setbacks.

    First, a federal judge in Detroit declared the nation’s FGM law unconstitutional.

    Then, the Department of Justice said it wouldn’t appeal, concluding the 1996 FGM statute was too weak to defend.

    Congress tried to intervene and fight for the law, but got shot down.

    On Friday, the U.S. 6th Circuit Court of Appeals denied a motion by congressional leaders to defend the constitutionality of the FGM ban. It also granted the government’s and the defendant’s request to voluntarily dismiss the case.

    Shannon Smith, attorney for the lead defendant in the case, Dr. Jumana Nagarwala, said the appeals court got it right. (…)

    „We were not surprised by the decision. A quick look at the law makes it abundantly clear that Congress was way out of its lane in its efforts to intervene and take over a criminal prosecution,“ said Smith, adding she will now focus on fighting the remaining charges in the case, including conspiracy and obstruction of justice.

    The 6th Circuit decision, however, devastated anti-FGM activists, who fear people who support genital cutting practices on religious grounds will still get away with it in the U.S. The defendants in the Michigan case are all members of a small Indian Muslim sect known as the Dawoodi Bohra, who practice female circumcision and view it as a religious rite of passage, alleging it involves only a minor „nick.“

    „We are deeply concerned that this decision puts girls at risk as the lack of a federal ban leaves an interstate loophole and creates confusion among law enforcement charged with protecting girls from this practice,“ the US END FGM/C NETWORK said in a statement Wednesday. „The decision is also discouraging to anti-FGM/C advocates, including survivors, who have been bravely speaking out against this practice, and dismantles education and prevention efforts in the U.S. and across the globe.“

    In striking down the genital mutilation statute, the courts have held that the law is unconstitutional because it doesn’t affect interstate commerce. (…)

    https://eu.freep.com/story/news/local/michigan/detroit/2019/09/19/congress-female-genital-mutilation-detroit-michigan-prosecution-doctors/2369275001/

    .
    .

    (…) U.S. District Judge Bernard Friedman said Congress lacked authority under the Commerce Clause to adopt the 1996 law, and that the power to outlaw female genital mutilation, or FGM, belonged to individual states.

    “As despicable as this practice may be, it is essentially a criminal assault,” Friedman wrote. “FGM is not part of a larger market and it has no demonstrated effect on interstate commerce. The Commerce Clause does not permit Congress to regulate a crime of this nature.” (…)

    Reuters 21.11.2018 · Judge voids U.S. female genital mutilation law · by Jonathan Stempel

    https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-crime-genital-mutilation-idUSKCN1NP2OR

    .

    Statement on Federal Court Decision to Reject House Appeal of Michigan Case

    US End FGM/C Network 18.09.2019

    Klicke, um auf Statement-on-Federal-Court-Decision-9.18.pdf zuzugreifen

    _ttps://www.facebook.com/USEndFGMNetwork/posts/899017870484584?__tn__=-R

    ‚With evidence of girls being taken across state lines to have this procedure done, we believe that FGM/C is indeed a federal issue and that it is our government’s responsibility to defend against it,‘ the US End FGM/C Network said

    _ttps://www.facebook.com/USEndFGMNetwork/posts/899833097069728?__xts__[0]=68.ARDIJDict3kuotsig5hNd0bg-KiUQJR5JuGPnrjvh9jeFNZxweMSVTvKPk1Ak9vmz2N3fMrExrUO2WELuoECrWjZ3d64FcQonVO3Prs_QgKMuE9SjB9aiZpmV95nog11IYu0z7OSqhz2LoOQvhHAnjf0zycEBvSaOqK1ZDxCyDNLjLFvrWoDNxDC4ucRnIqFulUtVVWTrSH1wrVOY_dcPJ-EaOUpUyS0xH8sM4YUT5rJRGAI17AjVXABq9Ec2HB-tAmaLsIdXZk2crDIiRLv_vhZZTVADUzmHzF5RxbjGhboJUipTZjcN5tfvbjQmuoeEFXzJ_Fgt8T9e0enweR8LWc&__tn__=-R

    .

    The US End FGM/C Network am 22.07.2019 mit Ghada Khan und Masooma Ranalvi unterwegs

    In July 2018, the UN Human Rights Council resolution 38/6 on the Elimination of female genital mutilation once again declared FGM to be a harmful practice that violates the human rights of women & girls, and poses a serious threat to their well-being. The resolution stresses that FGM is indeed driven by gender inequality and patriarchal social norms. Last week, The US End FGM/C Network was honored to take part in a two day Expert Meeting in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia organized by the UN OHCHR – Office of the High Commissioner of Human Rights pursuant to resolution 38/6. The Expert Meeting brought together global minds and addressed the progress, gaps and challenges in the application of human rights norms, standards and principles to the prevention and elimination of FGM in various contexts, including at community and national levels, and in migration and displacement contexts.

    _ttps://www.facebook.com/USEndFGMNetwork/posts/858628661190172?__tn__=-R

    .

    38. Tagung des UN-Menschenrechtsrates 18.06.–06.07.2018

    38/6 Élimination des mutilations génitales féminines

    Klicke, um auf bericht_HRC38_TR.pdf zuzugreifen

    38/6
    Élimination des mutilations génitales féminines
    [ Elimination of female genital mutilation ]
    A/HRC/38/L.9
    Adopted without a vote, 37th meeting, 05.07.2018

    https://www.ohchr.org/EN/HRBodies/HRC/RegularSessions/Session38/Pages/ResDecStat.aspx

    Vom 18. Juni bis zum 16. Juli 2018 fand in Genf die 38. Sitzung des UN-Menschenrechtsrates (UNHRC) statt. Anwesend waren neben zahlreichen Vertretern[] sämtlicher europäischer Staaten auch Repräsentanten[] aus Asien, Afrika und Südamerika, die sich gemeinsam für ein stärkeres Engagement zur Abschaffung von weiblicher Genitalverstümmelung (engl.: Female Genital Mutilation (FGM)) aussprachen.

    Das Ergebnis tagelanger Diskussionen ist eine gemeinsame Resolution zur Bekämpfung von FGM auf regionaler, nationaler und internationaler Ebene. Dabei bezieht sich die Resolution auch auf die UN-Agenda 2030 für nachhaltige Entwicklung, in der sich alle Mitgliedstaaten dazu verpflichtet haben, bis 2030 die vollkommene Gleichstellung der Geschlechter herzustellen [aha, Jungen wie Mädchen sollen um 2030 endlich überall „beschnitten“ d. h. genital verstümmelt werden dürfen?]. Dazu gehört laut Ansicht des UNHRC auch das Anerkennen von FGM als eine Praktik, die eine solche Gleichstellung verhindert.

    [ Das ist – gezielt? – ziemlicher Unsinn, erst einmal ist der Verstümmelungsbegriff – mutilation – zu definieren als FGM Typ I, II, III, IV.. Und solange die religiöse oder kulturelle oder sonstige Jungenbeschneidung sprich männliche Genitalverstümmelung überall erlaubt ist, müssten Mädchen bis 2030 global ebenfalls adäquat „beschnitten“ werden dürfen etwa nach FGM Typ I oder IV (und eigentlich, in Bezug auf die lebenslange Schädigung und die sensorisch-sexuelle Zerstörung, entspricht die Zirkumzision FGM Typ Ib oder FGM Typ II der WHO-Klassifikation). ]

    UN-Menschenrechtsrat beschließt Resolution zur Bekämpfung von weiblicher Genitalverstümmelung | bei: Terre des Femmes | Stand: 07/2018

    https://www.frauenrechte.de/unsere-arbeit/themen/weibliche-genitalverstuemmelung/aktuelles/3375-un-menschenrechtsrat-beschliesst-resolution-zur-bekaempfung-von-weiblicher-genitalverstuemmelung

    Distr.: General
    27.07.2018
    Original: English18-12335 (E) 060818*1812335
    Seventy-third session
    Item 29 of the provisional agenda Advancement of women
    Intensifying global efforts for the elimination of female genital mutilation
    Report of the Secretary-General

    (…) For example, during the reporting period, both the Islamic Centre of Ireland and the Ministry of Religious Affairs of Somaliland issued fatwas against female genital mutilation. 54

    [ Das ist Desinformation pur – Somaliland lehnt nur FGM Typ III ab – und auch die irischen der global vernetzten Muslimbrüder sagen nichts gegen die sunat perempuan bzw. den khitan wanita des MUI (Indonesien) oder JAKIM (Malaysia). ]

    54 “Islamic Centre of Ireland issues fatwa against FGM”, RTE, 13 February 2018. Available at _ttps://www.rte.ie/news/2018/0212/940233-fgm/; and Nita Bhalla, “Somaliland issues fatwa banning female genital mutilation”, Thomson Reuters Foundation, 7 February 2018. Available at _ttps://www.reuters.com/article/us-somalia-fgm-fatwa/somaliland-issues-fatwa-banning-female-genital-mutilation-idUSKBN1FR2RA.

    [ Der Trick der Islamischen Autoritäten: nur FGM Typ III sei mutilation, Verstümmelung, mindestens Typ Ia sowie IV sei nicht der Rede wert, sei keine Mutilation. Und eigentlich, siehe Hadith, kann auch Typ Ib keine Verstümmelung sein, denn sie ist islamisch und der Islam verstümmelt nicht … sowie dann und wann auch mal Typ II … ]

    (…) States have demonstrated a holistic, integrated and multisectoral approach to eliminating female genital mutilation (…) States should adopt a comprehensive and multidisciplinary approach to eliminating female genital mutilation (…) the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development (…)

    https://undocs.org/en/A/73/266

    .

  225. Edward von Roy Says:

    THE QUEEN v VAZIRI

    Islamische weibliche Genitalverstümmelung auch in Australien

    Endlich das Urteil

    15 Monate Haft wegen Islamic FGM unter Dawoodi Bohra (Ismailiten, Schia-Islam)

    Australien: Female Genital Mutilation Illegal in All Forms

    (…) The ruling will now negate the release of three people who, in 2015, were found guilty of performing FGM on two young girls, but later had their convictions set aside because Australia’s Criminal Court of Appeal claimed the trial judge had misinterpreted the two terms.

    The High Court has ruled that even „symbolic“ female genital mutilation is illegal: _ttps://t.co/X3WQHNEshupic.twitter.com/xBVidB8Gvt
    — ABC Religion&Ethics (@ABCReligion) October 17, 2019

    Former nurse Kubra Magennis, spiritual leader Shabbir Mohammedbhai Vaziri, and the young girls’ mother allegedly performed “khatna” with the children — which sees the cutting or nicking of a clitoris.

    The trio claimed the girls did not have their clitoris’ cut. They argued the ceremony was purely symbolic and simply involved „touching the edge of the genital area … allowing the skin to sniff the steel,” according to the ABC.

    Regardless, the three individuals were sentenced to 15 months in jail.

    However, Australia’s Criminal Court of Appeal overturned their conviction after finding that the word ‘mutilate’ means some “imperfection or irreparable damage” had to have occurred.

    A further medical exam presented to the court revealed the tip of the clitoral head was apparent for both girls, meaning it could be argued that the clitoris was not mutilated.

    On Wednesday, the High Court confirmed that the phrase ‘mutilates’ must cover the cutting of the clitoral hood. The clitoral hood, the court ruled, must also be considered a part of the ‘clitoris’.

    „This broader construction … would best promote the purpose or object of prohibiting such procedures generally,“ Chief Justice Susan Kiefel and Justice Patrick Keane said in a joint judgment, according to the Canberra Times. „On the Court of Criminal Appeal’s construction, it may be taken as intended that even if a child might suffer a painful and distressing experience, no offence is committed unless some defect of damage is apparent.“ (…)

    By Madeleine Keck · Australia’s Highest Court Rules Female Genital Mutilation Illegal in All Forms · Global Citizen · 17.10.2019

    https://www.globalcitizen.org/en/content/female-genital-mutilation-australia-defined/

    HIGH COURT OF AUSTRALIA

    16.10.2019
    16 October 2019

    THE QUEEN v A2; THE QUEEN v MAGENNIS; THE QUEEN v VAZIRI[2019] HCA 35

    (…) A majority of the Court also held that the term „clitoris“ in s 45(1)(a) encompasses the clitoral hood or prepuce. (…)

    (…) a ceremony called „khatna“, which involves causing injury to a young girl’s clitoris by cutting or nicking it (…)

    Klicke, um auf hca-35-2019-10-16.pdf zuzugreifen

    https://www.smh.com.au/national/nsw/high-court-upholds-nsw-genital-mutilation-convictions-20191016-p53197.html

    Case S43/2019

    The Queen v. A2; The Queen v. Magennis and The Queen v. Vaziri

    Case Nos.

    S43/2019, S44/2019 and S45/2019

    http://www.hcourt.gov.au/cases/case_s43-2019

    Judgement Summary

    (…) majority of the Court also held that the term“clitoris“ in s 45(1)(a) encompasses the clitoral hoodor prepuce. (…)

    The purpose of s45, evident from the heading to the provision and the extrinsic materials, is to criminalise the practice of female genital mutilation in its various forms. (…)

    Klicke, um auf hca-35-2019-10-16.pdf zuzugreifen

    Judgement

    The Queen v A2 [2019] HCA 35
    The Queen v Magennis
    The Queen v Vaziri
    16 Oct 2019 | 16.10.2019
    Case Number: S43/2019 S44/2019 S45/2019
    Before
    Kiefel CJ, Bell, Gageler, Keane, Nettle, Gordon, Edelman JJ

    (…)

    PDF MD5: df6ad9ef5b8048cac8133be52073aa0f
    RTF MD5: 9dde8be1e446a305b9ebe3f1b263a06d

    http://eresources.hcourt.gov.au/showCase/2019/HCA/35

    PDF

    http://eresources.hcourt.gov.au/downloadPdf/2019/HCA/35

    Words and phrases – „child abuse“, „clitoris“, „context“, „de minimis injury“, „female genital mutilation“, „injury“, „khatna“, „mischief“, „misdirected the jury“, „mutilation“, „offence provisions“, „otherwise mutilates“, „purposive construction“, „ritualised circumcision“, „sufficient evidence“, „tissue damage“, „umbrella term“.

    Australia’s highest court ruled the practice is illegal in all its various forms (…)

    The High Court on Wednesday ruled the appeal court erred when it quashed the convictions, saying the phrase „otherwise mutilates“ in the law banning female genital mutilation does indeed encompass someone simply cutting or nicking a girl’s clitoris.

    AAP

    High Court upholds NSW genital mutilation convictions · SMH The Sydney Morning Herald · 16.10.2019

    https://www.smh.com.au/national/nsw/high-court-upholds-nsw-genital-mutilation-convictions-20191016-p53197.html

    […] Former nurse Kubra Magennis, spiritual leader Shabbir Mohammedbhai Vaziri and the girls’ mother were convicted of breaching NSW laws against female genital mutilation in 2015.

    The sisters were each allegedly subjected to a “khatna” ceremony, which involved cutting or nicking a young girl’s clitoris — the eldest when she was aged between six and eight, and the youngest when she was six. […]

    A majority of judges also said the term “clitoris” should be construed broadly, to include the fold of skin surrounding it.

    Chief Justice Susan Kiefel and Justice Pat Keane said the relevant legal section was aimed at criminalising and stopping the practice of “female genital mutilation in all its forms which are productive of injury”. […]

    By Nicola Berkovic – Legal Affairs Correspondent – @NicBerko · High Court rules female genital mutilation illegal in all forms · The Australian · 16.10.2019

    https://www.theaustralian.com.au/nation/high-court-rules-female-genital-mutilation-illegal-in-all-forms/news-story/66ca9db5df6c9382a51666042d4948d9

    [ Eigene Übersetzung ins Deutsche ]

    Die Anklage wurde erhoben, nachdem die Mädchen einer weiblichen Polizistin und einem Sozialarbeiter mitgeteilt hatten, dass sie einer „Chatna“ [FGM, hier als Islamic FGM] unterzogen worden waren. Charges were laid after the girls told a female police officer and a social worker they had been subjected to „khatna“.

    Die Mutter und Magennis gaben zu, dass sie sich gemeinsam mit den Mädchen in einem Raum zu einer „symbolischen Zeremonie“ versammelt hatten – die Zeremonie habe jedoch (lediglich) beinhaltet, dass Magennis Pinzetten auf die Vulva der Mädchen setzte, nicht auf die Klitoris, und ohne sie zu schneiden. The mother and Magennis admitted they were present in a room with the girls for a „symbolic ceremony“ – however they say the ceremony involved Magennis placing forceps on the girls‘ vulva’s, not clitorises, without cutting them.

    In einem elektronisch aufgezeichneten Interview mit der Polizei beschrieb das ältere Mädchen das bei ihr verwendete Werkzeug als etwas, das „ein bisschen wie eine Schere aussah“. But in an electronically recorded interview with police, the elder girl described the tool used on her as something that „looked a bit like scissors“.

    Sie sagte, während ihrer „Chatna“ sollte sie die Augen schließen und fühlte „ein bisschen Schmerz und dann eine seltsame Art von Gefühl“ in ihrem Genitalbereich. Sie sagte, der Schmerz habe sich ziemlich deutlich wie ein Schnitt angefühlt. She said during her „khatna“ she was told to close her eyes and felt „a bit of pain and then a weird sort of feeling“ in her private parts. She said the pain had felt mostly like a cut.

    Während der Zeremonie, so gab das Mädchen an, traten vier Frauen, darunter auch ihre Mutter, dicht heran, um sie zu beruhigen. During the ceremony, the girl said there had been four women, including her mother, surrounding her to „calm her down“.

    „Meine Mutter sagt mir, ich soll nicht überall herumlaufen und den Leuten viel (über die Chatna) erzählen“, sagte sie den Ermittlern. „My mum tells me not to go around telling everyone (about it) much,“ she told investigators.

    Verdeckt aufgezeichnete Beweismittel erwischten die Mutter dabei, wie sie ihre Töchter nach ihren Interviews mit der Polizei streng zurechtwies, weil sie „ein großes Geheimnis“ enthüllt hatten. Covertly recorded evidence caught the mother admonishing her daughters following their interviews with police for revealing „a big secret“.

    By Hannah Higgins | AAP · NSW genital mutilation convictions stand · 16.10.2019

    • 7NEWS | 7NEWS.com.au

    https://7news.com.au/news/crime/nsw-genital-mutilation-convictions-stand-c-506898

    • The Leader (Kogarah NSW – Kogarah ist ein Stadtteil von Sydney in New South Wales)

    https://www.theleader.com.au/story/6442030/nsw-genital-mutilation-convictions-stand/

  226. Cees van der Duin Says:

    Shabbir Mohammedbhai Vaziri, who was convicted in Australia’s first female genital mutilation court case in Sydney

    Das ist die Hurma (حرمة ḥurma), 100 % Hurma – die Klitoris ist mindestens sunnitisch-schafiitisch sowie schiitisch bei den Bohra (allen, nicht nur den Dawoodi Bohra) gar kein Teil des islamisch unversehrten Körpers.

    Nicht kaputtschneiden. Heilschneiden. Islamisch k. w., kann wegfallen.

    Je nach Madhhab ein Muss. Religionspflicht auch im Islam der Schafiiten.

    Und nicht vergessen: Hatabernichtsmitdemislamzutun …

    .

    .

    حُرْمَة • (ḥurma) f (plural حُرَم (ḥuram) oder حُرَمَات (ḥuramāt)

    https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A9

    .

    Sunnitischer Islam und Klitoris oder vielmehr Ex-Klitoris? Aber bitte. Ask Mufti! Ohne Ex-Klitoris droht der Muslima schlimme Sünde, Ausschweifung, Orgie jedenfalls Wollust und Schwelgerei.

    Исмаил Алиевич Бердиев
    Ismail Alijewitsch Berdijew
    Mufti von Dagestan, verteidigt Islamic FGM

    „Alle Frauen müssen beschnitten werden, damit es auf der Welt keine Schwelgerei mehr gibt.“

    .

    .

    [ Dagestan. Erwachsene Frauen berichten, wie ihnen als Kind mit Werkzeug, das dem Scheren der Wolle der Lämmer dient, mit Gerät der Schafschur das Genital beschnitten wurde. ]

    „Die Schafe scheren, nicht die Frauen!“

    Maria Baronova, an opposition activist, responded to the report by standing outside Moscow’s main mosque with a sign saying “cut sheep not women”.

    486. Die Justizministerin, die FGM und der Islam

    .

    „According to Islam, it’s necessary to cut. If the girl hasn’t been cut, she can’t be considered a Muslim.“

    Local gynecologist Hadijat Ajubova also sees nothing wrong with the procedure, saying it “doesn’t harm women’s health.”

    Journalist and investigator Marina Ahmedova […] went on to share accounts of adult women who had their genitals cut as children with devices used to cut lamb’s wool.

    395. Tatjana Hörnle und die FGM

  227. Edward von Roy Says:

    (Kommentiert zum Artikel der Patricia Hecht (Klitoris ab, Schamlippen zugenäht) in der taz vom 10.10.2019. Von Edward von Roy am 21.10.2019.)

    Noch die geringst invasive Form der weiblichen Genitalverstümmelung (FGM) muss verboten werden, weltweit, also auch FGM Typ Ia oder Typ IV.

    Eine Legalisierung beispielsweise der sogenannten milden Sunna (FGM Typ Ia oder IV nach der Klassifikation der WHO) ist zu verhindern.

    Die gründliche Arbeit des High Court of Australia (The Queen v. Magennis and The Queen v. Vaziri Case Nos. S43/2019, S44/2019 and S45/2019) überzeugt. Auch die USA, vgl. FGM-Rechtsstreit zu Dr. Jumana Nagarwala, brauchen endlich ein wirklich funktionierendes US-weites Gesetz gegen FGM.

    https://taz.de/Weibliche-Genitalverstuemmelung/!5632582&s=Genitalverst%C3%BCmmelung/

    .

    (Kommentiert zum Artikel der Patricia Hecht (Wissenslücken und Tabus) in der taz vom 11.10.2019. Von Edward von Roy am 21.10.2019.)

    Kulturrelativisten wie Kavita Shah Arora und Allan J Jacobs kämpfen dafür, die WHO-Klassifikation zur weiblichen Genitalverstümmelung oder Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) zu zerspalten in einen weiterhin verbotenen und einen ihrer Meinung nach zeitnah straffrei zu stellenden Teil. Das ist unbedingt zu verhindern; alle vier Typen der weiblichen Genitalverstümmelung, das ist FGM Typ I, II, III, IV, müssen verboten bleiben.

    Daher darf auch eine angebliche De-minimis-FGM (vgl. arabisch: chitan al-inath, indonesisch: sunat perempuan, malaysisch: khitan wanita), beispielsweise als die sogenannte milde Sunna (d. i. eine FGM Typ Ia oder gehört, als pinprick bzw. ritual nick, in den Bereich einer FGM IV), nicht erlaubt werden.

    https://taz.de/Weibliche-Genitalverstuemmelung/!5628915/

  228. Adriaan Broekhuizen Says:

    Will Ireland legalize Islamic FGM i. e. declare the Khitan al-inath (sunat perempuan) free of punishment? Hopefully not, Mrs Elma Sheahan!

    „Zero tolerance“ means that no form of FGM (FGM type I, II, III, IV) is permitted.

    ::
    ::

    (…) Judge Elma Sheahan (…)

    Couple found guilty of female genital mutilation of their daughter
    Pair pleaded not guilty to carrying out act on the then one-year-old girl in Dublin in 2016

    Brion Hoban | The Irish Times | 28.112019

    https://www.irishtimes.com/news/crime-and-law/courts/circuit-court/couple-found-guilty-of-female-genital-mutilation-of-their-daughter-1.4098174

    ::

    The trial will continue before Judge Elma Sheahan and a jury.

    Accused man told gardaí he was fighting to save girls from FGM, court hears | RTE | 25.11.2019 15:52

    https://www.rte.ie/news/courts/2019/1125/1095049-couple-accused-of-fgm-plead-not-guilty/

  229. Edward von Roy Says:

    Erster FGM-Strafrechtsprozess in Irland – Richterin Elma Sheahan wird das Urteil wird am 17.01.2020 verkünden.

    .

    Parents convicted of ‚extremely serious offence‘ of FGM to be sentenced next month

    Female genital mutilation carries a maximum sentence of up to 14 years in prison.

    Órla Ryan | 20.12.2019

    (…) At a sentencing hearing at Dublin Circuit Criminal Court today, Judge Elma Sheahan postponed sentencing until 27 January so she can consider evidence in the case.

    On 28 November, a jury at the Dublin Circuit Criminal Court unanimously found the couple guilty of FGM and of a separate charge of cruelty related to the same incident on 16 September 2016.

    FGM, upon conviction, carries a maximum sentence of up to 14 years in prison. The cruelty charge carries a maximum sentence of up to seven years in prison. (…)

    https://www.thejournal.ie/sentence-fgm-trial-ireland-4940088-Dec2019/

  230. Adriaan Broekhuizen Says:

    … it has no nothing to do with religious beliefs and is absolutely not a principal of the Muslim faith …

    https://www.breakingnews.ie/ireland/married-couple-become-first-in-the-country-to-be-convicted-of-female-genital-mutiliation-971632.html

    Dr Deborah Hodes, an FGM expert based in the UK

    https://www.thejournal.ie/female-genital-mutilation-trial-ireland-2-4909913-Nov2019/

    FGM Conference
    20 February 2016
    Middlesex University, London
    (…) Deborah Hodes (…) Leyla Hussein

    Klicke, um auf MDX197_FGM-Conference-6pp-DL-Rollfold-5-11-2015-WEB.PDF zuzugreifen

    NATIONAL FGM CENTRE CONFERENCE
    12TH OCTOBER 2016

    (…) Deborah Hodes (…) Leyla Hussein

    Klicke, um auf National-FGM-CENTRE-Conference-Leaflet-1.pdf zuzugreifen

    Leyla Hussein, FGM: A Muslim Issue?, Huffington Post [ 23 February 2013 ]

    22.12.2013 20:18 GMT | Updated 21.02.2014 05:59 GM

    „In some countries affected by FGM, such as Iraqi Kurdistan, Islamic scholars have placed a fatwa on FGM. This is encouraging. There needs to be more examples like this, to help take responsibility for ending this practice. Although FGM is not exclusively a Muslim issue, I am hoping Islamic leaders in the UK will think about doing the same.“

    https://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/leyla-hussein/fgm-female-genital-mutilation_b_4490603.html

    ::

    Simpson J, Hodes D, Robinson K, Creigton S, Female Genital Mutilation: the role of health professionals in prevention, assessment and management, British Medical Journal, 2012; 344:e542

    https://www.uclh.nhs.uk/OurServices/Consultants/Pages/DrDeborahHodes.aspx

    ::

    […] The 37-year-old man and 27-year-old woman also pleaded not guilty to one count of child cruelty on the same day. They are both originally from [ Somalia – i. e. Shafii fiqh ] (…).

    On the eighth day of the trial, the jury returned unanimous verdicts of guilty on all counts after almost three hours of deliberations.

    Detective Inspector Dany Kelly told Shane Costelloe SC, prosecuting, that on the date in question, the accused man attended at a hospital with his daughter who was bleeding from her perineal region.

    Det Insp Kelly said the accused man gave an explanation that the child had sustained the injury by falling backwards onto a toy. Medical professionals were of the view that this explanation was not credible and that the injuries were not accidental, counsel said.

    Gardaí­ were notified and carried out a search of the accused’s family home. They seized the toy claimed to be responsible for inflicting the injury and no blood was found on the item following a forensic analysis.

    Dr Sinead Harty gave evidence during the trial that in her professional opinion, the injury sustained was not consistent with falling on a toy. She said the head […] glans of the victim’s clitoris had been completely removed.

    In interview with gardaí­, both accused denied that FGM had been carried out on their daughter. The victim’s father said he did not agree with the practice. His wife said she had been a victim of a different form of FGM herself.

    The court heard that the victim and her two siblings are currently in the care of their mother’s eldest sister.

    The court heard expert evidence that FGM is a cultural phenomenon that goes back many thousands of years and arising predominantly from East Africa. Dr Deborah Hodes said it has no nothing to do with religious beliefs and is absolutely not a principal of the Muslim faith. [ … khitan al-inath … the timid or simple-minded response to certain Sharia-conform behaviour (Islamic behaviour) is „This has nothing to do with Nothing“ ]

    Brion Hoban · Couple are first to be convicted of female genital mutilation, court told · The Irish Times · 20.12.2019

    https://www.irishtimes.com/news/crime-and-law/courts/circuit-court/couple-are-first-to-be-convicted-of-female-genital-mutilation-court-told-1.4121726

  231. Эдвард фон Рой Says:

    Zappone and Noone attend UN Nairobi conference accused of neo-coloniansism

    Posted by Gript Column | Comment Ireland | RIPT 21.11.2019

    (…) Far from providing the optic that Africans embrace abortion, comprehensive sexuality education, and LGBT rights, the Nairobi Summit galvanised resistance to UN sexual norms. Kenyan government officials, faith leaders, and pro-family organisations emerged as a formidable opponent to the powerful and well-funded UN agency.

    Irish Aid was one of the funders of the summit which was attended by leading members of the 2018 repeal campaign including Minister Katherine Zappone, Francis Fitzgerald MEP, Senator Catherine Noone, and Dr. Rhona Mahony. (…)

    UNFPA and Denmark solicited the government of Kenya to host the conference to mark the 25th anniversary of the International Conference on Population and Development (ICPD) held in Cairo in 1994. The Summit was held in an attempt to gather support for a new set of controversial political commitments that had been drafted in consultation with a steering committee consisting of global pro-abortion organisations like International Planned Parenthood Federation, SheDecides, and Women Deliver.

    Alongside universally agreed goals like ending maternal death and eliminating female-genital mutilation, the summit agenda included commitments about a “right to abortion” in humanitarian settings, expanding “sexual and reproductive health” to include LGBT rights, and access to sexual and reproductive health services and comprehensive sexuality education for children without parental consent. under the umbrella term of Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights (SRHR).

    Over 80,000 Kenyans signed a petition from CitizenGo protesting the summit which was delivered to President Kenyatta in advance. Many of them staged protests in the streets and remained outside the conference as it was being held. (…)

    “Africa is not for sale. African women do not need to sacrifice their children to be empowered” said Anne Kioko, Campaign Director for CitizenGo Africa.

    “We will not take wholescale everything that comes with the conference. We will end what we think discriminates against our fellow citizens but reject totally what is against our culture and morals,” said President Kenyatta of Kenya about the Nairobi Summit.

    The United States and 10 nations issued a stinging rebuke to the Summit by declaring that any document the conference issued is illegitimate. The joint statement presented on the last day of the summit by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) Office of Global Affairs on behalf of Brazil, Belarus, Egypt, Haiti, Hungary, Libya, Poland, Senegal, St. Lucia, and Uganda reaffirmed that “there is no international right to abortion.” (…)

    Stefano Gennarini of the Center for Family and Human Rights (C-Fam), which lobbies at the U.N, noted that “The conference was organised secretly. Governments were selectively consulted about the outcome. Those with pro-life concerns were kept in the dark about how to participate. Pro-life organisations that are accredited with the UN were denied access to the conference.” (…)

    The 11 signatory nations stated that they “cannot support a sex education that fails to adequately engage parents and which promotes abortion as a method of family planning.”

    The Holy See withdrew from the summit stating that it “cannot support the Nairobi Statement on ICPD25: Accelerating the Promise. It regrets that no substantive and substantial consultations on the text were carried out. It is also regrettable that the conference will be held outside of the United Nations framework, thus, precluding transparent inter-governmental negotiations while conveying the misleading impression of ‘consensus’ on the ‘Nairobi Statement.’ Therefore, ‘The Nairobi Summit’ cannot be deemed a meeting requested by the United Nations or held under its auspices.”

    What a spectacular back-firing for the UN, Canada and European Governments (…)

    https://gript.ie/zappone-and-noone-attend-un-nairobi-conference-accused-of-neo-coloniansism/

    ::
    ::

    Frances Fitzgerald MEP @FitzgeraldFrncs

    Last night I spoke to @Europarl_EN about the ongoing fight to #EndFGM Violence against women is a crime, FGM is a crime and we must do everything in our power to stop it ⬇️ #EnddFGM ✋🏻 #womensrights 🗣@ENDFGM_Network

    19.12.2019 – 01:58

    _ttps://twitter.com/FitzgeraldFrncs/status/1207601076117155840

    .
    .
    .

    Netzfrauen wie leider gewohnt annähernd kenntnislos am 19.12.2019

    Unglaublich: In den USA erlaubt ein Richter Genitalverstümmelung! – A federal judge in US struck down a law that criminalizes female genital mutilation

    https://netzfrauen.org/2019/12/19/fgm-2/

    Man mag und muss es bedauern, doch die Ansicht von Richter Bernard Friedman ist plausibel – das existierende US-amerikanische Bundesgesetz gegen FGM ist einfach ungeeignet gemacht (na, Netzfrauen, ist denn der deutsche § 226a StGB wirklich ein Schutz vor FGM Typ Ia oder FGM Typ IV der WHO-Klassifikation? Und ist die angeblich vor FGM (d. i. FGM Typ I, II, III, IV) schützende, allüberall gelobte Istanbul Declaration ein Schutz vor FGM (d. i. FGM Typ I, II, III, IV)?

    Deshalb braucht es zunächst Gesetze der einzelnen US-Bundesstaaten gegen FGM – etliche Staaten gehen da bereits erfreulich gründlich ran.

    Danach muss ein US-weites Gesetz gegen FGM her, also selbstverständlich auch gegen die christlich interpretierte FGM in Eritrea, die afrikanische beispielsweise in Sierra Leone, die schiitische (Islam) FGM der Dawoodi Bohra und die schafiitische (auch Islam) FGM nach der leider FGM-freundlichen Vorstellung etwa von MUI (Indonesien) oder JAKIM (Malaysia).

    ( FGM & the USA – it was made illegal under „inter-state commerce“ laws )

    an inter-state loophole

    https://www.pressreader.com/usa/lodi-news-sentinel/20190920/281749861068692

    https://netzfrauen.org/2019/12/19/fgm-2/#comments

  232. Adriaan Broekhuizen Says:

    Z.A.N.E @thegoldenthingz 22.12.2019 – 02:32

    UNFPA and the @Kurdistan launch the Comms for behavioural impact plan to end #FGM in #Erbil, #Sulaymaniyah, #Duhok, & #Halabja

    With support from @RDPPME, we will target 7,500 mothers in 1Y with awareness-raising information and discussions on #EndFGM #DontCutHer

    _ttps://twitter.com/thegoldenthingz/status/1208696910867025920

    https://twitter.com/thegoldenthingz/status/1208696910867025920

    Z.A.N.E @thegoldenthingz

    Voice on @BabylonFM993 | Based in Erbil | #EmpoweringWomen #EndFGM #StopGBV | Native Texan | English, Arabic, Farsi, Kurdish

    _ttps://twitter.com/thegoldenthingz

    https://twitter.com/thegoldenthingz

    ::

    Z.A.N.E @thegoldenthingz 22.12.2019

    UNFPA and the @Kurdistan launch the Comms for behavioural impact plan to end #FGM in #Erbil, #Sulaymaniyah, #Duhok, & #Halabja

    With support from @RDPPME, we will target 7,500 mothers in 1Y with awareness-raising information and discussions on #EndFGM #DontCutHer

    _ttps://twitter.com/thegoldenthingz/status/1208694354522640385

    ::

    WADI – Association for Crisis Assistance and Development Co-operation

    Klicke, um auf study_fgm_iraqi_kurdistan_en.pdf zuzugreifen

  233. Jacques Auvergne Says:

    Amman Declaration

    reproduced in full. The Declaration identifies some 60 components of lifestyle where Islamic teachings offer guidance

    .

    The Right Path to Health

    Health Education through Religion

    Health Promotion Through Islamic Lifestyles

    The Amman Declaration

    .

    ( Participants in the Meeting – vorletzter: Yusuf al-Qaradawi )

    ( man beachte, dass Punkt 39 lediglich von Infibulation – also die sogenannte Pharaonische Beschneidung, FGM Typ III – spricht, nicht jedoch beispielsweise von FGM Typ I oder Typ IV.

    https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/119558/dsa51.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y

    _ttps://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/119558/dsa51.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y

    .
    .

    [ 39. ] Islam does not allow the mutilation of women’s bodies for any reason; infibulation, which is practised in the name of circumcision, is altering God’s creation. Those who do it are cursed. Nowhere is it sanctioned by Islam. In particular it exposes women to all kinds of terrible health hazards.

    _ttp://207.21.239.40/hip/health2/apendix.html

    .
    .

    ISESCO

    عبد العزيز بن عثمان التويجري
    ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz bin ʿUṯmān at-Tuwaiǧirī
    Abdulaziz Othman Altwaijri
    Abdulaziz Uthman al-Tuwaidschiri

    * 3. April 1950 in Riad, Saudi-Arabien

    Generaldirektor der Islamischen Organisation für Bildung, Wissenschaft und Kultur (ISESCO Islamic Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization). Er lebt in Marokko.

    https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdulaziz_Othman_Al-Twaijri

    .
    .

    Health education for adolescent girls

    WHO EMRO
    WHO Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean

    Den Kopf in den Sand stecken: Nichtsmitdemislamzutun …

    3.3 Questions about female circumcision

    12. A girl is horrified at an early age from what she hears about female circumcision producing pain and bleeding, but she is told that this is the sunna and tradition.

    One of the most horrifying experiences young girls and female adolescents have to undergo in some African countries of this Region is genital mutilation. This means the removal of parts of the external genitalia of the female, including all or parts of the clitoris which contains sensitive nerve endings. The degree of mutilation depends on local practice and can result in psychological and physical trauma for girls, besides cutting down their sexual enjoyment after marriage. More drastic forms of mutilation, such as infibulation, have serious health and obstetric consequences. Female circumcision bears no proof of religious sanction and should be prohibited. It is a tribal, pre-Islamic practice seeking to change or mutilate God’s own creation, prohibited by God Himself and by the Prophet. [See Islamic rulings on circumcision. The Right Path to Health. Health Education through Religion Series No. 5. Cairo, WHO Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean, 1996.] It is worth mentioning in this respect that this harmful practice does not exist in most Islamic countries but is exclusive to some African countries in the Region and to some other African societies with Christian or heathen majorities.

    aus der englischen Version von:

    التثقيف الصحي للمراهقين: الفتيات
    Altathqiif alsihhi lilmuraahiqiin. Al-Fatayaat
    Arabic edition published in Cairo 2001

    © World Health Organization 2001

    Abdul Rahim Omran; Ghada Al-Hafez

    1. Health Education
    2. Adolescents, Female
    3. Islamic Ethics
    4. Guidelines

    WHO Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean

    Klicke, um auf dsa722.pdf zuzugreifen

    https://apps.who.int/bookorders/anglais/detart1.jsp?codlan=1&codcol=46&codcch=39

    World Health Organization, Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean

    (‎2001)‎

    التثقيف الصحي للمراهقين: الفتيات

    https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/119658?locale-attribute=de&

    https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/119658/dsa418.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y

  234. Jacques Auvergne Says:

    Allezeit lobpreist die Schöpfung ihren Schöpfer. Die Scharia gilt ewig. Nach etwas anderem als Koran und Sunna darf kein Recht gesprochen werden. Jeder irdische Sachverhalt, alles menschliche Tun oder Unterlassen ist anhand der fünf islamrechtlichen Rangstufen zu bemessen, der AHkAm (أحكام‎ aḥkām reference to the Islamic commandments), eine davon ist farD bzw. wAdschib, islamrechtlich verpflichtend. Die islamkonforme Lebensweise ist weltweit durchzusetzen. So deutlich sagt Gamal Serour das nicht.

    Contrairement au fard (pratique obligatoire de l’islam), au wajib (devoir recommandé par la religion), et à la sunna (actes du Prophète Muhammad), une makramah (acte vertueux) n’est pas obligatoire. (…)

    Das Dogma von der Unvergleichbarkeit von männlicher und weiblicher Beschneidung (sprich Genitalverstümmelung) darf nicht fehlen:

    Toutefois, la circoncision diffère de l’excision. La première est l’ablation d’une partie excédentaire de l’organe mâle qui, tel que l a confirmé l OMS 10, apporte une protection contre différentes maladies, y compris le syndrome d’immunodéficience acquise (SIDA). À l’opposé, l’excision s’étend aux parties qui créent le plaisir sexuel et donnent aux femmes leur droit à une vie sexuelle conjugale.

    Den gegebenen Zusammenhang von Islam und FGM vertuschen oder abstreiten: Gamal Serour

    .
    .

    EXCISION (MGF): Entre utilisation incorrecte de la science et compréhension erronée de la doctrine

    Résumé exécutif

    Ce document est un résumé exécutif extrait et traduit de l’ouvrage original publié en arabe en 2013
    sous le titre :

    ختان اإلناث [ḫitān al-ināṯ]
    بين المغلوط علميًا والملتبس فقهيًا

    « EXCISION (MGF) : [khitan al-inath]
    Entre utilisation incorrecte de la science et compréhension erronée de la doctrine »

    Pr et Dr Gamal Serour, Professeur en gynécologie obstétrique Directeur du Centre islamique international pour la recherche et les études sur la population [al-Azhar, Kairo]

    Pr et Dr Ahmed Ragaa Abd El-Hameed Ragab, Professeur en santé reproductive, Centre islamique international pour la recherche et les études sur la population [al-Azhar, Kairo]

    Pr et Dr Ahmad Omar Hashim, Ancien président de l’Université Al Azhar
    Pr et Dr Abdullah Al Husaini, Ancien ministre des Waqfs
    Pr et Dr Ali Gomaa, Ancien Grand Mufti d’Égypte

    … Tous ont été unanimes : la MGF/E est une simple question de coutume qui pourrait être abandonnée s’il existe des preuves scientifiques solides que cette pratique est dangereuse. … En outre, l’Islam nous oblige [auferlegt uns; verpflichtet uns] à être guidés par l’engagement pris par nos ancêtres pour une bonne compréhension de la Charia [Scharia] … Cependant, chaque époque de l’histoire …

    ( Seite 6 unterschlägt wie gesagt die khitan al-inath (ختان اإلناث), die Islamic FGM in Indonesien und Malaysia, in Teilen von Thailand wie in der Provinz Satun (s. bei Claudia Merli) sowie im kurdischen Teil des Irak )

    https://docplayer.fr/25302990-Excision-mgf-entre-utilisation-incorrecte-de-la-science-et-comprehension-erronee-de-la-doctrine.html

    ::
    ::

    No.259, Geneva, 5 February 2007 IPU Logo-bottom

    6 FEBRUARY: INTERNATIONAL DAY OF ZERO TOLERANCE FOR FEMALE GENITAL MUTILATION. „THE DECLARATION ISSUED BY AL-AZHAR UNIVERSITY AGAINST FEMALE GENITAL MUTILATION IS AN IMPORTANT STEP FORWARD

    The President of the Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU), Mr. Pier Ferdinando Casini, calls on legislators to step up action to combat Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) particularly in regions where the procedure is widely performed. „Legislation should be not only enacted but also enforced in all the countries concerned“, he said.

    (…)

    For Dr. Gamal Serour, Director of the Islamic Centre for Population Research and Studies at Al-Azhar University, “female genital mutilation has no religious basis in either the Koran or the authentic Hadiths, the sayings of the Prophet Mohammed. Science has shown that it results in complications to children’s health and lowers the quality of their lives. It is therefore forbidden and should not be practised by either traditional practitioners or paramedical staff“.

    According to Dr. Serour, it will take decades to eradicate female genital mutilation, because the practice is deeply ingrained in the culture of certain nations, particularly in Africa and Asia. “We have to convince all the people, men and women, that this traditional practice has no benefits whatsoever. This is why it is very important to work closely with religious and traditional leaders, and with the chairpersons of the ethics committees of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics (FIGO). FIGO has published its recommendations, which are addressed to professional and religious leaders, and to members of parliaments“.

    (…)

    http://archive.ipu.org/press-e/Gen259.htm

    ::
    ::

    Intercultural Dialogue in Bioethics: Volume 1

    Islamic Perspectives on the Principles of Biomedical Ethics

    ___ps://doi.org/10.1142/q0014 | September 2016

    Pages: 448

    Edited By: Mohammed Ghaly (Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar)

    .

    Islamic Perspectives on the Principles of Biomedical Ethics presents results from a pioneering seminar in 2013 between Muslim religious scholars, biomedical scientists, and Western bioethicists at the research Center for Islamic Legislation & Ethics, Qatar Faculty of Islamic Studies. By examining principle-based bioethics, the contributors to this volume addressed a number of key issues related to the future of the field. Discussion is based around the role of religion in bioethical reasoning, specifically from an Islamic perspective. Also considered is a presentation of the concept of universal principles for bioethics, with a response looking at the possibility (or not) of involving religion. Finally, there is in-depth analysis of how far specific disciplines within the Islamic tradition — such as the higher objectives of Sharia (maqāṣid al-Sharī’a) and legal maxims (qawā’id fiqhīya) — can enrich principle-based bioethics.

    (…)

    The ‚Bio‘ in Biomedicine: Evolution, Assumptions, and Ethical Implications (Muna Ali)

    (…)

    Ethics in Medicine: A Principle-Based Approach in Light of the Higher Objectives (Maqāṣid) of Sharia (Ahmed Raissouni)

    (…)

    Formulating Ethical Principles in Light of the Higher Objectives of Sharia and Their Criteria (Ali Al-Qaradaghi)

    (…)

    Conclusion: Critical Remarks (Tariq Ramadan)

    (…)

    ___ps://www.worldscientific.com/doi/10.1142/q0014

    ___ps://www.worldscientific.com/doi/pdf/10.1142/q0014

    ::

    Chapter 1: Deliberations within the Islamic Tradition on Principle-Based Bioethics: An Enduring Task

    (…) Gamal Serour (International Islamic Center for Population Studies and Research, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt)

    Klicke, um auf q0014_chap01.pdf zuzugreifen

    .

  235. Edward von Roy Says:

    ( Jumana Nagarwala )
    ( FGM in den Vereinigten Staaten )

    Strengthening the Opposition to Female Genital Mutilation Act of 2020

    STOP FGM Act of 2020

    .

    A BILL To amend title 18, United States Code, to clarify the criminalization of female genital mutilation, and for other purposes.

    (…) This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Strengthening the Opposition to Female Genital Mutilation Act of 2020’’ or the ‘‘STOP FGM Act of 2020’’. (…)

    female genital mutilation’ means any procedure performed for non-medical reasons that involves partial or total removal of, or other injury to, the external female genitalia, and includes (…) a clitoridectomy or the partial or total removal of the clitoris or the prepuce or clitoral hood; (…) other procedures that are harmful to the external female genitalia, including pricking, incising, scraping, or cauterizing the genital area. (…)

    It shall not be a defense to a prosecution under this section that female genital mutilation is required as a matter of religion, custom, tradition, ritual, or standard practice. (…)

    the term ‘female genital mutilation’ means any procedure performed for non-medical reasons that involves partial or total removal of, or other injury to, the external female genitalia, and includes (…)

    See United States v. Nagarwala, 350 F. Supp. 3d 613, 631 (E.D. Mich. 2018))

    Klicke, um auf BILLS-116hr6100rh.pdf zuzugreifen

    H.R.6100 — 116th Congress (2019-2020)

    https://www.congress.gov/bill/116th-congress/house-bill/6100/text

    .

    Chairman Nadler Statement for the Markup of H.R. 6100, the Strengthening the Opposition to Female Genital Mutilation (STOP FGM) Act of 2020
    f t # e

    Washington, 11.03.2020

    the Strengthening the Opposition to Female Genital Mutilation (STOP FGM) Act of 2020. f t # e. Washington, March 11, 2020

    https://judiciary.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=2867

    .

    LegiScan

    https://legiscan.com/US/bill/HB6100/2019

    .

  236. Έντουαρντ φον Ρόι Says:

    .

    24.06.2021 | raajje

    Zunana Zalif

    Case of Islamic scholar promoting female circumcision submitted to Majlis committee

    In November 2020, Attorney General Ibrahim Riffath had announced efforts to declare Female Genital Mutilation a criminal offense in the Maldives

    Dr. Iyaz posted a Tweet on Wednesday, attaching a link that shared medical benefits of female circumcision in Islam

    The case was submitted to the Majlis committee by MP for south-Galolhu constituency MP Meekail Naseem

    raajje.mv/102278

    https://raajje.mv/102278

    .
    .

    30.06.2021 | raajje

    Zunana Zalif

    Deputy Speaker asks committee to review decision to seek opinion on female circumcision

    Deputy Speaker of the People’s Majlis, Eva Abdulla has sought to review the human rights and gender committee’s proposal to seek the opinion of relevant authorities on Female Genital Mutilation.

    Speaking during Wednesday’s sitting, Eva revealed that the purpose of seeking to review the proposal is because she finds it unnecessary and uncalled for to seek the opinion and deliberate on the matter. She stressed that the chair does not have the power to turn away committee decisions, however, an appeal may always be made to review committee decisions.

    During Tuesday’s meeting of the human rights and gender committee, the issue of Dr. Mohamed Iyaz encouraging Female Genital Mutilation was placed on the agenda. This is the case submitted to the committee earlier by MP for south-Galolhu constituency MP Meekail Naseem. (…)

    South-Fuvahmulah constituency MP Mohamed Mumthaz backed Rozaina’s proposal. During the deliberations all MPs agreed upon seeking the opinions and thoughts of relevant authorities in connection to the matter. Holhudhoo MP Yoonus Ali proposed to seek the Fiqh Academy as it is the institution to have the last say in connection to religious issues.

    Further, Makunudhoo MP Mohamed Raaee also proposed to seek thoughts of the Human Rights Commission of the Maldives (HRCM) on the issue. (…)

    The committee has since decided to seek official documents from the Fiqh Academy, Ministry of Health, HRCM as well as the Ministry of Islamic Affairs in connection to the matter. Further the committee also passed to acquire official statements from the Attorney General Ibrahim Riffath, on work being conducted to ban the practice in the Maldives. In November 2020, Attorney General Ibrahim Riffath had announced efforts to declare Female Genital Mutilation a criminal offense in the Maldives. (…)

    This was triggered after Dr. Iyaz, assistant professor at Maldives National University and Islamic scholar, posted a Tweet, attaching a link that shared medical benefits of female circumcision in Islam.

    MP Meekail, submitting the case, noted that Dr. Iyaz has encouraged FGM and stressed that someone who supports such dangerous and risky actions filling responsible positions at state institutions poses threats to women across the country and poses challenges to the protection of women’s rights.

    In a reply to the Islamic scholar’s Tweet, Gender Minister Aishath Mohamed Didi wrote that (…)

    raajje.mv/102556

    https://raajje.mv/102556

    .

  237. adriaan broekhuizen Says:

    Blade of Tradition in the Name of Religion — A Phenomenological Investigation into Male Circumcision in Iran

    — Kameel Ahmady

    August 2023 ◦ Publisher: Avaye Buf ◦ ISBN: 978-87-94295-53-6

    Kameel Ahmady, Coordinating and conducting Social Anthropology with a particular interest in local cultures, gender, children & minorities. Published a number of teamwork studies on various topics, including gender, minorities, female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C), Male genital mutilation/cutting (MGM/C) early child marriage (ECM), temporary marriage, white marriage (cohabitation), homosexuality (LGB), multiculturalism and modernity in Iran + child labor & Incest and Child Sexual Abuse

    researchgate.net/publication/373420795_Blade_of_Tradition_in_the_Name_of_Religion_-_A_Phenomenological_Investigation_into_Male_Circumcision_in_Iran

    کامیل احمدی
    Kameel Ahmady

    Known for

    Research in the field of harmful traditional practices (HTP) such as early child marriage, or child marriage; temporary marriage/sigheh; White marriage, or cohabitation; female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C); LGBTQ+ issues; child labour and child labour & child scavenging; Male circumcision; identity and ethnicity; and minorities.

    Notable work

    Conformity and Resistance in Mahabad, Another Look at East and Southeast Turkey, In the Name of Tradition, An Echo of Silence, A House on Water, House with Open Door, Forbidden Tale, Prevention and Control of Child Scavenging Phenomenon in Tehran, From Border to Border, Traces of Exploitation in Childhood, The blade of tradition in the name of religion

    In the Name of Tradition

    Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting (FGM/C)

    One of Ahmady’s first pieces of research after his return to Iran after university was an investigation of female genital mutilation/cutting in Iran. This fieldwork team research was conducted discontinuously between 2004 and 2014 in the rural areas and villages of four provinces: West Azarbaijan, Kurdistan, Kermanshah, and Hormozgan. The results indicated that FGM/C has been common among the Shafi’i branch of the Sunni religion in those provinces for a long time and it is still being done there in a scattered manner. From his subsequent research and field visits, Ahmady found that the phenomenon of FGM/C had been decreasing in these provinces. It was found the most important reasons for the existence and continuation of FGM/C in these areas were traditional and religious justifications of the practice, a lack of awareness, a lack of education and low levels of literacy, poverty, and beliefs about chastity, health beliefs, and beauty.

    In the Name of Tradition: A Comprehensive Research Study on Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) in Iran, published in 2015 by UnCUT/Voices Press. The book (2022) was republished in English, Persian and Kurdish in Denmark by Avaye Buf and LAP Lambert Academic Publishing also contains an updated appendix on FGM/C entitled The Changing Paradigms: Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting Country report on FGM/C in Iran, With an introduction to Male Circumcision / Male Genital Mutilation (MGM/C) in Iran.

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kameel_Ahmady

  238. Эдвард фон Рой Says:

    ·

    [ Islamic FGM ]

    “Duivenbode argues that female and male child prepuce removal should be permitted in liberal democracies within an account of value pluralism whereby groups should be free to practise traditions that cohere with their internal value structures.”

    — Kate Goldie Townsend. Defending an inclusive right to genital and bodily integrity for children. International Journal of Impotence Research, volume 35, pages 27–30. (2023).

    ·

    [ Rosie Duivenbode and Aasim I Padela (Aasim Padela) (2019) ]

    ·

    Duivenbode argues that the blanket prohibition of medically unnecessary child genital cutting would further disadvantage marginalised minority religious groups (29)

    (29) Rosie Duivenbode. Criminalizing medically unnecessary child genital cutting in Western countries: the terms of the debate and some reasons for caution. Int J Impot Res 2021. doi.org/10.1038/s41443-021-00491-y.

    — Kate Goldie Townsend. Defending an inclusive right to genital and bodily integrity for children. International Journal of Impotence Research, volume 35, pages 27–30 (2023).)

    nature.com/articles/s41443-021-00503-x

    ·

    [ Duivenbode (2021) ]

    nature.com/articles/s41443-021-00491-y
    ·
    ·

    [ Kate Townsend (2023) ]

    (…) One way to ensure policy parity regarding child genital cutting would be to permit some forms of FGC that are currently illegal. Advocates of tolerance for what they regard as ‘minimal’ forms of child genital cutting (such as, nicking, pricking, or partial removal of the clitoral prepuce or hood, and/or cutting or excision of portions of the labia) argue as follows: parents are permitted to authorise medically unnecessary intersex child genital modification and male child prepuce removal (partial or total) in Western societies whatever their justification – and on the condition that all of the child’s parents agree in some societies, for instance in the UK [9]. As such, justice requires that parents also be permitted to authorise medically unnecessary FGC for their daughters, as practised, for example, within various Muslim communities [21], so long as the cutting is no more harmful than whatever is permitted for male children.

    Defenders of this position characterise it as a ‘harm reduction’ approach, the idea being that permitting these relatively minor forms would dissuade community members from continuing more intrusive forms of FGC that carry a greater risk of resulting in lasting complications ([2]: p. 290). This position takes seriously the fact that some forms of FGC are more materially harmful than others, and that grouping all non-Western types under the provocative and demonising title ‘Female Genital Mutilation’, as is standard in Western law and policy, obscures these material differences [7, 8, 18,19,20]. In recent work, Duivenbode and Padela consider the question from a Muslim religious perspective, arguing that rather than ‘decoupling’ FGC from Islam, as is common for opponents of the practice, it would be beneficial to take guidance from Islamic ethical teachings that favour harm reduction [2]. The authors argue that, despite protestations to the contrary, there is a meaningful historico-religious association between Islam and FGC in many communities that should be acknowledged, rather than avoided, by people engaged in the debate ([2]: p. 290).

    Presenting child FGC in this way may well be successful for its advocates. The argument that child MGC should be permitted has been most effective in real-world contexts when framed as a matter of religious freedom [8, 22,23,24]. For instance, in Germany, the decision to permit infant MGC for religious purposes was made on the basis that prohibiting it would be a violation of parents’ religious freedom [24]. Similarly, Iceland recently shied away from enforcing a ban on MGC after criticisms that it would violate the religious freedom of some practising groups [23]. The question of religious freedom is among the most difficult areas to tread politically speaking, and so ‘recoupling’ FGC with Islam is a potentially powerful way to argue that some forms should be permitted. However, the argument is unconvincing for several reasons.

    First, the idea that male child prepuce removal is ‘harmless’ is highly controversial [1, 4, 7,8,9, 25, 26]. The suggestion that the practice should be used as a default standard for what is acceptable when considering harm-reduction approaches to FGC does not go unchallenged. Many authors have raised concern about the moral and legal status of male genital cutting practices, emphasising the material and psychological harms that they entail [1, 4, 7,8,9, 25, 26]. The view that penile prepuce removal is harmless assumes that the prepuce itself has no value, meaning that the only real harm at stake in its removal is the risk of surgical complications. But it is not standard to take this approach to other functional body tissues which are attributed their own value. The value given other body tissue means, for instance, that even when surgery is medically necessary, there is a moral and legal imperative to make every effort to preserve healthy tissue [27]. Many men whose genitals were cut as children, teens, or infants express extreme discontent at having their sexual anatomy altered before they were able to make the decision for themselves [25,26,27,28]. This does not mean, of course, that every person whose genitals were cut or modified in childhood experiences the same negative consequences, but it does cast serous doubt on the assertion that the harms of prepuce removal are minimal.

    Second, from a practical point of view the argument has limited applicability to real-world cases because a great many justifications given for continuing child genital cutting practices simply are not religious. Routine secular child MGC in the US, for instance, is practised for various reasons, from parental aesthetic preferences to the medically controversial belief that prepuce removal promotes genital health or hygiene [1, 7, 8, 22, 24]. (…)

    Duivenbode argues that female and male child prepuce removal should be permitted in liberal democracies within an account of value pluralism whereby groups should be free to practise traditions that cohere with their internal value structures. (…)

    — Kate Goldie Townsend. Defending an inclusive right to genital and bodily integrity for children. International Journal of Impotence Research, volume 35, pages 27–30. (2023).

    nature.com/articles/s41443-021-00503-x

    ·
    ·

    The problem of female genital cutting: bridging secular and islamic bioethical perspectives

    — Rosie Duivenbode, Aasim I Padela (2019)

    Perspect Biol Med. 2019;62:273–300.

    doi: 10.1353/pbm.2019.0014.

    Abstract

    Recent events, including the arrest of physicians in Michigan, have renewed bioethical debates surrounding the practice of female genital cutting (FGC). The secular discourse remains divided between zero-tolerance activists and harm-reduction strategists, while Islamic bioethical debates on FGC similarly comprise two camps. „Traditionalists“ find normative grounds for a minor genital procedure in statements from the Prophet Muhammad and in classical law manuals. „Reformers“ seek to decouple FGC from Islam by reexamining its ethico-legal status in light of the deficiencies within narrations ascribed to the Prophet, the health risks posed by FGC, and contemporary perspectives on human rights, and thereby delegitimize the practice. This paper argues that alignment between secular and Islamic views can be found in a harm-reduction strategy by demonstrating that the impetus to reduce harms is found within Prophetic statements on FGC. From an Islamic ethico-legal standpoint, it is justified to acknowledge the permitted status of FGC procedures that do not harm-in other words, the ritual nick-and at the same time the prohibited status of procedures that lead to credible medical and psychological harms. Bringing these multiple perspectives and data points into conversation forges a common ground to delegitimize and eradicate harmful genital procedures among Muslim communities.

    pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31281122/

    ·

    [ Rosie Duivenbode, Aasim I Padela ]

    researchgate.net/scientific-contributions/Aasim-I-Padela-16284438

    ·

    Dr. Aasim Padela is an internationally-recognized thought and research leader in the fields of Muslim health disparities and Islamic Bioethics.

    ispu.org/scholars/aasim-padela/

    ·

    Aasim Padela

    Chairperson and Director of Initiative on Islam and Medicine

    medicineandislam.org/dr-aasim-padela/

    ·

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